Independent of the above products, there are large shipments of cocce made to Spain, France, and England; in fact, the value of the export of this article may be considered as next to that of coffee. EXPORT OF BREADSTUFFS FROM THE UNITED STATES TO GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, FROM 1ST SEPTEMBER, 1848, ro PRODUCTION OF HOGS AND BEEF CATTLE IN OHIO. TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER AND VALUE OF HOGS AND BEEF CATTLE, IN FIFTY-NINE COUNTIES IN OHIO, as returNED FOR TAXATION BY THE TOWNSHIP ASSESSORS, AND EQUALIZED BY THE COUNTY BOARDS, FOR THE YEARS 1848-9. 1849. 1848. 1849. Hogs. Value. Beef. Value. Beef. Value. 24,108 $22,936 12,410 $99,724 14,292 $111,719 43,077 59,025 9,876 72,353 10,051 76,339 63,425 116,466 11,838 103,358 12,420 107,329 25,543 40,536 14,122 146,417 14,031 150,231 65,687 10,600 96,301 11,485 107,811 Coshocton. 25,306 28,112 28,353 Columbia.. 22,111 25,641 21,234 Cuyahoga. 13,029 22,462 Delaware.. 30,148 33,665 Fairfield.. 40,054 45,050 11,151 30,573 42,444 Franklin... 51,983 72,154 54,516 30,735 12,279 98,006 13,694 113,904 20,730 13,606 121,314 14,970 130,972 17,493 16,367 207,709 19,000 236,164 32,689 11,144 98,670 12,725 113,706 48,496 15,862 116,097 16,724 125,144 75,365 14,501 158,897 15,007 161,782 Greene.... 35,401 50,741 36,484 62,323 12,547 114,944 12,530 117,064 Guernsey. 27,186 28,487 30,771 31,338 13,175 90,727 14,182 103,642 Hamilton.. 34,607 55,778 36,048 60,566 12,116 121,151 11,972 Henry. 2,234 2,209 2,308 2,157 1,548 Hocking... 12,304 10,902 14,979 Holmes... 19,878 17,393 20,976 Jefferson.. 19,130 28,483 20,233 121,605 11,439 27,020 33,656 26,390 26,097 11,319 Preble Meigs.... 9,366 12,689 Williams.. 6,109 Union..... 20,853 22,606 19,245 22,451 8,004 4,879 5,244 4,460 4,509 Total... 1,336,367 1,690,308 1,410,377 1,876,622 637,284 6,063,284 688,248 6,658,269 JOURNAL OF MINING AND MANUFACTURES. THE GRANITEVILLE (S. C.) COTTON MANUFACTORY. We have great pleasure in laying before our readers the following letter from WILLIAM GREGG, Esq., the intelligent and enterprising founder of the Graniteville Cotton Manufactory. The introduction of manufactories into the Southern States, will form an interesting chapter in the industrial history of the country; and we rejoice to find our southern friends advocating the importance of “bringing the cotton mill to the cotten field." KALMIA, S. C., October 22, 1849. TO FREEMAN HUNT, FSQ., Editor of the Merchants' Magazine, etc. DEAR SIR-Your favor of the 12th inst. was received in course. It will always afford me pleasure to contribute any thing within my power to add to the useful stock of knowledge contained in the pages of your valuable journal. I cannot promise you much at present, but will take a more leisure time to extend my present remarks in answer to your inquiries respecting the advances making in the mechanic arts, and domestic industry of South Carolina, and particularly a history of the rise and progress of our Graniteville manufacturing village, which many persons are looking to for a clear demonstration, that cotton manufacturing can be made a lucrative branch of industry in our State. We in common with the manufacturing world are laboring under an unprecedented state of things just now. Cotton has advanced upon us 100 per cent in eight months. The raw material which we are now using costs us at the rate of $65,000 per annum more than it did in February last, while manufactured goods have advanced but a shade this state of things cannot last, for goods will have to go up, or cotton go down to enable the spinners of the world to continue in operation. Our Graniteville factory buildings are made of hammered granite, contain 8,400 spindles and 300 looms, of the most improved machinery. We turn out daily about 12,000 yards of cloth, sheeting, shirting and drills, of No. 14 yarn, according to the judgment of the merchants of Charleston, New York and Philadelphia, equal in point of quality to any of the kind made in the United States or any other country. We employ in and about the mill 325 persons, and support a village of nine hundred white people. Our superintendent, and a few owners are Eastern men; all the laborers, South Carolinians, said to be equal in point of industry and efficiency to any set of hands of similar number and age in the Northern and Eastern States-wages 20 per cent lower than in Massachusetts, and a fraction lower than in Rhode Island. The village covers about 150 acres of ground, contains two handsome Gothic churches, an academy, hotel, ten or twelve stores, and about one hundred cottages belonging to the company, and occupied by persons in their service. The houses vary in size from three to nine rooms each, nearly all built after the Gothic cottage order, gives the place quite a novel appearance to a stranger. The use of alcohol is not permitted in the place-young people, particularly males, not allowed to remain in the place in idleness-the maintenance of a moral character is necessary to a continued residence in the place. All parents are required to keep their children, between the ages of six and twelve, at school-good teachers, books, &c. furnished by the company, free of charge. The restraints above named are willingly acquiesced in by the people, and we have one of the most moral, quiet, orderly, and busy places to be found any where. Our female help is all taken from resident families under the protection and care of parents. This is a great moral restraint, and gives us an advantage over those who have to rely on the boarding-house system for help, where large numbers of young females are collected together from a wide range of country, away from parents care. The property cost $300,000, and I have no doubt will prove to be a profitable investment, soon to be followed by millions of our capital seeking similar channels. We have a large class of white people in South Carolina who are not slave holders, and who are compelled to work for a livelihood. The good lands are generally owned by the wealthy, and cultivated by negroes, affording but little employment to the poor, who readily come into factory service. They are frugal and economical in their habits; our mild climate, cheap breadstuffs, fuel, and other substantials of life, render living much cheaper here than in colder countries. In the interior of this State, we have cotton 14 cents cheaper than it can be obtained in the East, and 2 cents cheaper than in England, or any part of Europe. All these advantages, added to the superabundance of labor, must operate for many years so favorably on cotton manufacturing in the South, as to render it only necessary to make judicious outlays in erecting mills, and to exercise tolerable management afterwards, to render profitable results certain. In lieu of a more extended article, I send you an address which I recently delivered to the South Carolina Institute, which, if you think worthy of a place in your Magazine, you are at liberty to publish. I am, with great respect, your obedient servant, WILLIAM GREGG. Since receiving the foregoing letter, we learn that the Graniteville Manufacturing Company, of South Carolina, have been awarded the first premium by the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, for some sheetings, shirtings, and drillings, as submitted in competition, at the recent exhibition. This is quite a triumph for our southern friends. The editor of the Pennsylvania Enquirer has seen specimens of the goods alluded to, and speaks of them in the highest terms of commendation. STATISTICS OF INVENTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. The Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents for the year 1848, laid before the thirtieth Congress, at its second session, (in February, 1849,) has just been published. It is the last report of the Hon. EDMUND BURKE, who entered upon the duties of the office in May, 1845, and continued to fill the station, until the appointment of his successor by the present administration in 1849, with distinguished ability, as an examination of his voluminous, well-considered, and faithfully prepared reports, which have become matter of history, will most conclusively show. The report now before us is one of more than ordinary interest, exhibiting, as it does, not only a complete history of the progress of inventions during the last year of the Commissioner's administration of the affairs of the Patent Office, but a clear and comprehensive statistical and financial history of the Patent Office from 1790 to 1849. We regret that our limits will not permit us, at this time, to furnish a complete analysis of the vast amount of valuable information it embodies. Our readers must, therefore, be content with a condensed view of its statistical and financial history, abridged from the report, and with the promise of resuming the subject from time to time until we have included or embraced ŝuch portions of it as fall within the scope of the Merchants' Magazine. Passing over, for the present, an abstract of the legislation of Congress in relation to patents and the Patent Office, from the commencement of the government to the present time, the admirable introductory report of Mr. Burke, and other matters of interest and importance, we proceed at once to exhibit, in as condensed a form as the subject will admit, the statistical history of the Patent Office, and the progress of invention in the several States of the Union from 1790 to 1849:— STATEMENT OF THE RECEIPTS FROM PATENT AND OTHER FEES, AND OF PAYMENTS FOR SALARIES, AND THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE PATENT OFFICE, (INCLUDING THE ERECTION OF THE BUILDING,) FROM ITS ESTABLISHMENT TO JANUARY 1, 1849. Total... $852,036 28 239,263 95 104,002 87 $90,770 05 $93,530 58 635,567 45 (a) Patent fees to December 31, 1828, as per statement rendered to the Secretary of the Treasury September 16, 1829. (b) To July 4. (c) Receipts from July 4 to December 31, 1836. (d) To June 30, (e) In the year ending June 30. () In the year ending June 30. (g) From June 30 to December 31. * Exclusive of contingent expenses prior to January 1, 1814; the amount of which could not be ascertained, the accounts having been lost when the public buildings were burned in 1814. + Appropriated out of this fund and paid for the building. Georgia.... South Carolina.... North Carolina...... Virginia.... Baltimore... Maryland Delaware Philadelphia. Pennsylvania TABLE EXHIBITING A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE NUMBER OF PATENTS OF EACH CLASS ISSUED TO CITIZENS OF THE SEVERAL STATES FROM 1790 TO 1849; PRE SENTING A RECORD OF THE INVENTIVE GENIUS OF AMERICA DURING THAT PERIOD. INVENTIONS EMBRACED IN EACH CLASS. NUMBER OF PATENTS. 3 Manufactures of fibrous and textile substances, &c. 1 Agriculture, including instruments and operations 113 44 52 2 Metallurgy.. 103 8 9 115 565 93 56 272 37 12 84 26 134 30 39 4 Chemical processes... 13 14 12 127 38 3 56 333 162 36 183 91 2 45 39 42 5 Calorific stoves, grates, furnaces, &c. 34 37 34 229 96 16 107 593 218 30 189 115 1 59 43 17 6 Steam and gas engines... 11 51 27 11 20 207 105 27 123 79 4 47 44 12 6 7 Navigation-maritime implements, &c. 16 7 87 41 3 27 204 82 26 89 52 2 38 .24 21 8 Mathematical, philosophical, and optical instrum'ts 4 3 35 15 6 36 66 30 5 31 15 1 11 5 9 7 10 4 60 22 31 209 86 16 88 29 3 39 31 25 10 Land conveyance-carriages, cars, &c.. 11 Hydraulics & pneumatics-water & wind mills, &c. 494 366 353 2,221 689 257 1,198 4,904 1,757 480 2,222 965 71 678 477 1 34 8 1 24 6 16 31 129 37 17 80 87 4 20 7 65 226 75 10 95 30 3 28 155 121 11 99 78 15 14 21 57 29 4 30 19 2 4 4 10 *** 27 1 35 27 31 11 4 2 532 140 181 78 |