N.T. Quotations.

For the N.T. quotations reference may be made to Rönsch. The most interesting are

Joh. v 4, where Bethsaidam is read, ch. v;

Acts ix 11, where Simon hospes is read, by a curious mistake, ch. xviii.

$7. Text and Editions.

The de Baptismo is one of those treatises of Tertullian of which no MS is now known to exist. The text depends, therefore, upon the earliest printed editions and the labours of subsequent scholars. The de Baptismo rests primarily on the three following:

(1) Martin Mesnart, Paris, 1545.

'Haec uero sequentia opuscula nunc primum eduntur in lucem beneficio Joannis Gangneii1 Parisini theologi et Christianissimi Galliarum Regis primi eleemosynarii, ex uetustissimo codice2 desumpta.'

(2) Sigismund Gelenius, Bâle, 1550.

In the preparation of this edition, Gelenius says that he had the advantage of a 'liber longe incorruptissimus, ex coenobio ultimae Britanniae Masburensi petitus,' which was lent to him by John Leland the antiquary (see below).

1 Joh. Gagny, or Gainy, Almoner of Francis I and Chancellor of the University of Paris, died in 1549. The name of Martin Mesnart is contained in an acrostich.

2 'Wie die genaue Vergleichung lehrt, war wahrscheinlich eine der von dem Herausgeber benutzten HSten zwar mit dem Agobardus verwandt, aber nicht mit ihm identisch.' Harnack, Gesch. d. altchr. Litt. i p. 677. The Codex Agobardinus, the oldest and best MS of Tertullian, on vellum, of the IXth cent. at Paris (no. 1622), is so called from its first possessor, Agobard, Bp of Lyons.

(3) Jacobus Pamelius, Paris, 1579.

Important from the use made of a MS belonging to John Clement, which has since disappeared. It does not, however, seem to have contained the de Baptismo.

In preparing this edition I have in the main followed the text of the Vienna Corpus Scriptorum Eccl. Latinorum, in which series Pt I of Tertullian appeared in 1880 under the editorship of A. Reifferscheid and G. Wissowa, and I have recorded in the commentary the suggestions of W. von Hartel, Klussmann, Kroymann, Gompertz, and J. van der Vliet, besides making a few suggestions of my own. Pt III of the Vienna edition appeared in 1906, with Kroymann as editor. His Introduction is valuable.

Oehler's work, of which I have used the edition in 3 vols. Leipzig, 1853, is indispensable to the student, and I gladly acknowledge my indebtedness to it. It is not entirely satisfactory. The Index is defective, and many of the references are wrong, and it not seldom happens that more information is found in a note upon which one has lit by accident, than by turning up all the examples referred to in the Index.

Dodgson's1 translation, published in the Library of the Fathers, Oxford, 1854, is deserving of praise. If I have mentioned it sometimes only to differ, I would here record my gratitude to it, and not least for its valuable notes.

If any reader of Tertullian can discover the MS which John Leland lent to Gelenius, he will render a service to students of our author. It is not certain to what 'coenobium Masburense ex ultima Britannia' refers. Prebendary Wordsworth has suggested to me

1 He was Rector of Croft, and father of C. Lutwidge Dodgson, familiar to us under the pseudonym of 'Lewis Carroll.'

that it might possibly be Mexborough1, near Rotherham, in Yorkshire (but there is not known to have been a coenobium there), or Meux Abbey, near Beverley (for which, however, the usual Latin is Melsa). I have long wondered whether it might not be our Wiltshire Malmesbury, which, however, Leland generally calls Meldunum. This had a large and ancient library, and such a book as Tertullian de Baptismo may well have been in it. Dr M. R. James, the Provost of King's, tells me that I may consider this conjecture practically certain. He has been kind enough to look into the matter, and his reasons for thinking so may be thus summarized: (1) Leland visited Malmesbury, and has left a list of the books which he saw there: the last but one is Tertullianus. (2) Tertullian was an author rarely found in England. (3) William of Malmesbury had read the Apology, and further research may show that he knew the de Baptismo also. As regards the form of the name, Dr James thinks that Leland, when writing to a foreigner, may have substituted for the Meldunum of his elegant style a form nearer the English-coenobium Malmesburiense. Gelenius, not being familiar with our English place names, may have got this into Mamsburiense and then Mäsbur(i)ense. Whether Leland had any business to lend such a treasure to the scholar at Bâle1, whether Gelenius ever returned it, whether it may still be

1 al. Masbryhe, s. Merexbrugh, s. Masbrugh, s. Masbrough, s. Mexburgh.

2 Collectanea2, 1770, iv p. 157.

3 Dr Harnack says (G. d. altchr. Litt. i p. 653) this мs came from 'Kloster Masburne'; but I think this must be an oversight.

4 Gelenius, the friend of Erasmus, though born at Prag, lived, married, and died at Bâle († 155). He supervised Froben's press there, and

corrected proofs for him.

5 Leland died insane two years after the Bâle edition of Gelenius was first

found among the collections of that pleasant town which has rendered so many services to the cause of learning, or whether it has suffered at the hands of the butterman the fate of so many other MSS, are questions on which at present I can throw no light.

§ 8. Bibliography.

In drawing up the following list, which does not pretend to be exhaustive, I have purposely omitted what may perhaps be called obvious sources of information, and have selected rather those which are more likely to be overlooked. A few of the most important are marked with an asterisk, and in some cases I have added a word of comment, which may be useful as a guide. The date is in many instances an indication of work which has now been superseded. Most of the books named have been examined by me at one time or another. As many of them were not in the Cambridge University Library, nor in the British Museum, I availed myself when last at Bonn of a courteous permission given me by the University Librarian to examine them in the library there. I have added the British Museum press-mark to several for ease of reference.

*d'Alès, A., La Théologie de Tertullien.

[B.M. 3624. b. 15.]

Paris, 1905. 8o.

Benson, E. W., Cyprian, his life, times, and work. London, 1897. 8°.

Bethune-Baker, J. F., Introduction to the early History of Chr. Doctrine. London, 1903. 8°.

published. The editor in his preface laments the ill health of the English antiquary, so that it is not improbable that the MS of Tertullian never returned from Bâle to its native country.

Cigheri, A. M., S. Cath.

9 vols., 1791. 4°.

(de B. is Pt 2 of vol. ix.

Eccl. dogmatum...veritas demonstrata, [B.M. 699. i. 5.]

Contains a few variorum notes.) Freppel, Monsign., Cours d'éloquence sacrée fait à la Sorbonne. Paris, 1887. 8°.

*Harnack, A., Dogmengeschichte.

needs caution in use.]

F. i. B. 1886. [Valuable :

Mission u. Ausbreitung d. Christentums.

Hauschild, G. R., Tertullians Psychologie u. Erkenntnistheorie, Progr. No. 328. F. a. M. 1880.

Hesselberg, Tertullians Lehre. Dorpat, 1848. [Dates and contents.]

Holberg, J., Verf. Cult. u. Discip. d. Chr. Kirche n. d. Schr. Ts. Braunsberg, 1886. 8o.

Hort, F. J. A., Six Lectures on the ante-Nicene Fathers. London,

1895.

Hurter, H. von, SS. Patrum opuscula selecta.

[B.M. 3622. a.]

1874. 16mo

(de B. is vol. vii pp. 141-188. Short explanations of difficult

words and passages.)

March, F. A. (ed.), Douglass Series of Chr. Gk and Lat. writers. 6 vols. N. Y. 1874. 8°.

(de B. is in a separate vol. not numbered. B.M. 3622. aa. 9. Interesting, as far as it goes: chiefly linguistic and literary no special doctrinal standpoint.)

Mayor, J. B., A Puritan and a Broad Churchman in the 2nd Century, two articles in the Expositor for June-July 1902. (Contrast between Tertullian and Clement of Alexandria.) *Neander, J. A. W., Antignosticus. Berlin, 1849. 8°. Schneider, Rev. G. A., Lectures on Eccl. History. Nisbet: London, 1896, pp. 183-254. (Two popular, but well-written lectures on T.'s life and works delivered in Norwich Cathedral.)

Schwane, Dogmengeschichte, vol. ii.

2. Baptism.

*Bardenhewer, O., Patrologie. F. i. B. 1894, p. 182 sq. (Very good from the R.C. standpoint.)

Boyd, Archbp, Baptism and Baptismal Regeneration. London, 1865. 8°. [B.M. 4325. aa.]