and among the Roman catholics, it is visible, that the Pope has moft of authority and perfuafion; and it fhall be, without fcruple, my advice, and that speedily, that fitting minifters may be fent, and apt inducements propofed, to him for his interpofition with all princes and states."-----Here the fentence is left abruptly broken off, with what view, if done defignedly, may be easily conjectured from the foregoing fragment. F The Marquis of Clanrickard leaves Ireland, now entirely fubject to the English rebels. THE HE affairs of the confederate catholics being now abfolutely irretrievable, the Marquis of Clanrickard, in a Borlafe obferving how eafily and quickly (in a few months) the ufurpers got poffeffion of Ireland, adds, "fuch a winter's campaign, by fo inconfiderable a party, against so confiderable a kingdom, was never read or heard of; confidering efpecially, that to the fupport of the Irish interefts from January, 1649, to January, 1650, there was raised 533,5641. 10s. 11d. befides meal, beeves, wheat, winter-quarters, king's customs, excife, and enemies estates, if we may credit the relation of Mercurius Politicus." Reduct. of Irel. p. 256. Of fo little avail are the greatest fupplies to the most numerous army, when divisions among its members, and diftruft of its principal leader, prevail in it. 66 c b in 1652, left Ireland, carrying with him the royal authority.' "And within a twelvemonth after, Mortogh O'Brien, the last of the Irish commanders, fubmitted to the parliament, on the ufual terms of transportation; by the favour of which," adds my author," twenty-seven thousand men had been that year fent away.' Cromwell," fays a late hiftorian," in order to get free of his enemies, did not fcruple to transport forty thousand Irifh from their own country, to fill all the armies in Europe with complaints of his cruelty, and admiration of their own valour." This, together with the multitudes destroyed by the fword, during the war, and by famine and peftilence " after it, caused a prodigious scarcity of people in the kingdom. But to fupply that defect, Fleetwood, deputy for the parliament, invited over feveral colonies 4 3 Dalrymp. Mem. of Great Brit. vol. i. part 2. p. 267. from The Earl of Clanrickard, finding the Irish affairs in a defperate condition, with what forces he had left, retired into the town of Carrick, where, being encompaffed by our men on all fides, he fubmitted, and obtained liberty to transport himself with three thousand men, to any foreign country in friendship with the commonwealth, within the space of three months." Ludlow's Mem. vol. i. p. 418. ⚫ Colonel Fitzpatrick was the first (in 1652) who fubmitted (to the parliament's commiffioners in Ireland), on condition to be tranfported with his regiment, into the fervice of the king of Spain; which was a great blow to the Irish confederacy, who were very defirous to treat in conjunction, hoping to obtain more favourable terms, in confideration of their numbers, infomuch that they published declarations against him, and the Irish clergy excommunicated him, and all thofe who joined him. Notwithstanding which Colonel O'Dwyer, commander in chief of the Irish in the counties of Waterford and Tipperary, followed his example." Id. ib. p. 403. "The Irish that fubmitted were about three thoufand." Id. ib. p. 411. In the fummer of 1650, the plague fo exceedingly raged in Dublin, as 'tis reported there died thereof 17000 perfons." Borl. Hift. of the Irish Rebel. f. 345. from England; offering good conditions to fuch families as would fettle in Ireland; whereupon, great numbers of all forts and fexes, flocked to that kingdom." "It cannot be imagined,' in how eafy a method, and with what peaceable formality, that whole great kingdom was taken from the juft owners and proprietors, and divided among those who had no other right to it, but that they had power to keep it. In lefs than two years after Lord Clanrickard left Ireland, this new government feemed to be perfectly established; infomuch that there were many buildings erected for ornament, as well as ufe; orderly and regular plantations of trees and fences, and enclosures raifed throughout the kingdom; purchases made by one from the other, at very valuable rates; and jointures fettled upon marriages; and all the conveyances and fettlements executed, as in a kingdom at peace within itself, and where no doubt could be made of the validity of titles." 6 On the 26th of September, 1653, the English parliament declared, that the rebels in Ireland were fubdued, and the rebellion ended; and thereupon proceeded to the diftribution of their lands, in pursuance of the act of fubfcriptions 17° Caroli. "This being notified to the government of Ireland, Lord Broghill, afterwards Earl of Orrery, propofed at a council of war of all the chief commanders for the parliament, that the whole kingdom fhould be furveyed, and the number of acres taken, with the quality of them; and then, that all the foldiers fhould bring in their demands of arrears; and fo give every man, by lot, as many acres as fhould anfwer the value of his demand. "But a good and great part (fays Lord Clarendon),7 as I remember, of the province of Munfter (county of Tipperary), Cromwell had referved to himself, as a demefne, as he called it, for the state; and in which no adventurer or foldier fhould demand his lot to be affigned; s Life of Clarend. vol. ii. p. 117-8. • Morrice's Life of Orrery. Life, vol. ii. p. 117. affigned; and no doubt, intended both it and the state for the making great his own family." 8 "No men This propofal was agreed to, and all Ireland being furveyed, the best land was rated only at four fhillings an acre, and fome only at a penny. The foldiers drew lots in what part of the kingdom their portions fhould be affigned them. Great abuse was committed in fetting out the adventurers fatisfaction for the money they had advanced, at the beginning of the war; for they had whole baronies fet out to them in grofs; and then they employed furveyors of their own, to make their admeasurements.1 had so great shares as they who had been inftruments to murder the king. What lands they were pleased to call unprofitable (which were thrown in gratis), they returned as fuch, let them be never fo good and profitable." " The lands held by the foldiers as unprofitable, and as fuch returned into the furveyor's office, amounted to 605,670 acres. In this manner was the whole kingdom divided between the foldiers, and the adventurers of money.* CHAP. Morrice's Life of Ottery. Δυ 1 Id. ib. 9 Cart. Orm. vol. ii. fol. 301. " Id. ib. ← Lord Antrim's eftate, confifting of 107,611 acres, was allotted to Sir John Clotworthy, afterwards Lord Maffareene, and a few others, in confideration of their adventures and pay, which did not in all exceed the fum of 7000l. Cart. Orm. vol. ii. fol. 278. |