deprived of your majesty's protection, and the any part of them, to fight, at such time and authors, counseliors, and abettors of these mis-place as you shall judge most to conduce to the chiefs in greatest power and favour with your peace and safety of the kingdom. And you majesty, and defended by you against the jus- shall use your utmost endeavours, by battle er tice and authority of your high court of parlia- otherwise, to rescue his majesty's person, and ment (whereby they are grown to that height the persons of the prince and the duke of York, and insolence as to manifest their rage and ma- out of the hands of those desperate persons lice against those of the nobility and others, who are now about them. 3. You shall take who are any whit inclinable unto peace, not an opportunity, in some safe and bonourable without great appearance of danger to your own way, to cause the Petition of both houses of royal person, if you shall not in all things con- parliament, berewith sent unto you, to be precur with their wicked and traiterous courses) sented unto his majesty and if his maj. shall have, for the just and necessary defence of the thereupon please to withdraw himself from the Protestant religion, of your majesty's person, forces now about him, and to resort to the parcrown and dignity, of the laws and liberties of liament, you shall cause all those forces to dis the kingdom, and the privileges and power of band, and shall serve and defend his inaj, with parliament, taken up arms; and appointed and a sufficient strength in his return. 4. You authorized Robert earl of Essex to be captain-shall publish and declare, That if any, who general of all the forces by us raised, and to have been so seduced by the false aspersions lead and conduct the same against those rebels cast upon the proceedings of the parliament, and traitors, and them to subdue and bring to as to assist the king in the acting of those dancondign punishment:-And we do most hum-gerous counsels, shall willingly, within ten days bly beseech your maj. to withdraw your royal presence and countenance from these wicked persons; and, if they shall stand out in defence of their rebellious and unlawful attempts, that your maj. would leave them to be suppressed by that power which we have sent against them; and that your majesty will not mix your own dangers with theirs, but in peace and safety, without your forces, forthwith return to your parliament; and, by their faithful counsel and advice, compose the great distem-in such manner, as they shall have cause to pers and confusions abounding in both your kingdoms, and provide for the security and honour of yourself and your royal posterity, and the prosperous estate of all your subjects: wherein, if your maj. please to yield to our most humble and earnest desires, we do, in the presence of Almighty God, profess, that we will receive your majesty with all honour, yield you all due obedience and subjection, and faithfully endeavour to secure your person and estate from all dangers; and, to the uttermost of our power, procure and establish to yourself, and to your people, all the blessings of a glorious and happy reign."

The Parliament's Instructions to their Captain-General.] The same day, and by the same messenger, the cominons sent to the lords a form of the Instructions, by which their general was to act; both which were agreed to by them as follows:

INSTRUCTIONS of the Lords and Commons now in Parliament assembled, to be given to his Excellency Robert Earl of Essex, General of the Army.

1. "You shall carefully restrain all impieties, profaneness, disorders, violence, insolence, and plundering, in your soldiers, as well by strict and severe punishment of such offences, as by all other means, which you in your wisdom shall think fit. 2. Your lordship is to march with such forces as you think fit, towards the army raised, in his majesty's name, against the parliament and kingdom; and with them, or

after such publication in the army, return to their duty, not doing any hostile act within the time limited, and join themselves with the parliament, in defence of religion, his majesty's person, the liberties and laws of the kingdom, and privileges of parliament, with their persons and estates, as the members of both houses, and the rest of the kingdom have done; That the lords and commons will be ready, upon their submission, to receive such person

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acknowledge they have been used with clemency and favour; provided that this shall not extend to admit any man into either house of parlisment, who stands suspended, without giving satisfaction to the house whereof he shall be s member and except all persons who stand impeached or particularly voted, in either house of parliament, for any delinquency whatsoever excepting likewise such adherents of those who stand impeached in parliament of treason, as have been eminent persons and chief actors in those treasons: and except the earls of Bristol, Cumberland, Newcastle, and Rivers, secretary Nicholas, Mr. Eon. Porter, Mr. Edw. Hide, the duke of Richmond, the earl of Caernarvon, the lord Newark, and the lord Falkland, one of the principal secretaries of state to his majesty. 5. You shall apprebend the persons of all those who stand inpeached in parliament, or have been declared traitors by both or either house of parliament, them up to the parliament to receive condign or otherwise delinquents; and you shall send punishment, according to their offences. 6.

You shall receive the loans or contributions of money, plate, or horses, from all his majesty's loving subjects, which they shall be willing to make for the support of the charge of the army, and better discharge of the service of the commonwealth; and you shall certify all such sums of money, and the value of such horses, that the parties may thereupon have the be nefit of the public faith, for payment to be made unto them as to others of his majesty's

subjects, upon the propositions for the sub- | power to continue them in safe custody, and scriptions of money, plate, and horses. 7. You send them up to parliament, or discharge them, shall carefully protect all his majesty's subjects as they shall think fit, and shall most tend to from rapine and violence by any of the Cava- the public good." liers, or other soldiers of his majesty's pretended army, or by any of the soldiers of the army which you command; and you shall cause the arms and goods of any person to be restored to them, from whom they have been unjustly taken. 8. You shall observe such further directions and instructions, as you shall, from time to time, receive from both houses of parliament."

The E. of Essex assembles all his Forces at Northampton; And the King his at Shrewsbury.] Sept. 23. A strict Order was made for all the regiments of horse and foot in the parliament's service, to repair forthwith to the rendezvous appointed for them. The earl of Essex had set out from London, in great state, says Rushworth, the 9th of this month, and went to his head quarters at St. Alban's: from thence he marched to Northampton; where soon after, his whole army met him, making altogether about 15,000 men. The king, after erecting his Standard at Nottingham, marched from thence to Derby, Stafford, and Leicester, and so into Wales. At Shrewsbury his ma

body; and great quantities of plate being brought in to him, he erected a new mint and had store of money. Before this his majesty had raised much treasure, by receiving large remittances from the queen, on her pawned jewels; by contributions from the lords and gentlemen with him at York; and by a loan from the University of Oxford. On the other hand the parliament were furnished with money, by loans upon the public faith; and, by the painful endeavours of several ministers, and other ways already described, a great quantity of money, plate, and ammunition, was brought in. Besides all this the parliament had also taken 100,000!. of the 400,000/. voted to be raised for the service of Ireland.

The King's Speech and Protestation at the Head of his Army.] In the king's progress through the counties abovementioned, he collected the gentry and people together at parti

A Committee of both Houses appointed to attend their Army.] Sept. 22. Mr. Pym came up from the commons, with a copy of some additional Instructions, or Directions, to the former, for constituting a standing Committee of assistant members from both houses, in the army; to which they also desired their lordships con-jesty's army was increased to a considerable currence: this was also read and approved of, and a select number of lords appointed for that purpose. Their names were, the earl of Essex lord-general, the earls of Peterborough and Stamford, the lords Kimbolton, Wharton, St. John, Fielding, Hunsdon, Hastings, Brook, Roberts, and Willoughby of Parham. These 12, with 24 commoners, were to act as follows; 1. "The said Committee, or any 4 of them, whereof the said earl of Essex to be one, shall have power to meet together at such times and places as they shall think fit, and to consider and advise touching such matters that shall concern the army, as the said earl shall think convenient. And, from time to time, shall acquaint both houses of parliament with their Resolutions therein, that both houses may further proceed thereupon, as to them shall be thought convenient for the public. 2. They, or any 4 of them, whereof the earl of Essex to be one, shall have power, and are hereby autho-cular places, and made several speeches to rized, to advise and use all convenient and reasonable means they can, to supply the army with money and other necessaries: and, for that end and purpose, are hereby authorized to take the subscriptions of all persons that shall give, lend, or advance any money, plate, or other provisions whatsoever, necessary for the army, and shall give a note unto all such persons that shall so lend or advance, expressing the nature and particular thereof; which note, subscribed with the hand of the said earl of Essex, and any three of the said committee, whereof two to be of the house of commons, shall be sufficient warrant for the party that shall so lend or advance, to receive the same again, with interest after the rate of 87. per cent. out of such monies as shall be collected for the affairs of this kingdom, and both houses do engage the public faith for the same. 3. They, or any 4 of them, whereof the earl of Essex to be one, shall have power, and are hereby authorized, to sit with the said earl; and to examine all such persons as shall be sent for, apprehended, or brought before them, by virtue of any Warrant, sent and issued under the hand of the lord general; and shall have VOL. II.

them; most of which were printed by the king's authority at that time, and are in Husband's and Rushworth's Collections: but, as none of these appear in the Journals of either house, we omit them; except one which was read in that of the lords, on the 29th of this month as follows:

His MAJESTY'S SPEECH and PROTESTATION, made at the Head of his Army, between Stafford and Wellington, the 19th of September, 1642, after the reading of his ORDERS.

you

"Gentlemen; You have heard these Orders read; it is your part, in your several places, to observe them exactly: the time cannot be long before we come to action, therefore have the more reason to be careful; and I must tell you, I shall be very severe in the punishing of those, of what condition soever, who transgress these Instructions. I cannot suspect your courage and resolution. Your conscience and your loyalty hath brought you hither to fight for your religion, your king, and the laws of the land. You shall meet with no enemies, but traitors, most of them Brownists, Anabap

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tists, and Atheists; such who desire to destroy both Church and State, and who have already condemned you to ruin for being loyal to us. That you may see what use I mean to make of your valour, if it please God to bless it with success, I have thought fit to publish my resolution to you in a Protestation; which, when you have heard me make, you will believe you cannot fight in a better quarrel; in which I promise to live and die with you."

"Gentlemen and Fellow Soldiers; Ye are at this time assembled for the defence of his majesty, and the maintenance of the true Protestant religion, under my command; I shall therefore desire you to take notice what I, that am your general, shall, by my honour, promise to perform toward you, and what I shall be forced to expect that you should perform towards me. I do promise, in the sight of Almighty God, that I shall undertake nothing but what shall tend to the advancement His MAJESTY'S PROTESTATION. of the true Protestant religion, the securing of "I do promise in the presence of Almighty his majesty's royal person, the maintenance of God, and as I hope for his blessing and protec- the just privilege of parliament, and the liberty tion, That I will, to the utmost of my power, and property of the subject; neither will I endefend and maintain the true Reformed Pro- gage any of you into any danger, but (though testant Religion, established in the Church of for many reasons I might forbear) I will in my England; and, by the grace of God, in the own person run an equal hazard with you; and same will live and die. I desire to govern by either bring you off with honour, or (if God the known laws of the land, and that the li- have so decreed) fall with you, and willingly berty and property of the subject may be, by become a sacrifice for the preservation of my them, preserved with the same care as my own country.-Likewise I do promise that my ear just rights. And if it please God, by his bles- shall be open to hear the complaint of the poorsing upon this army raised for my necessary est of my soldiers, though against the chiefest defence, to preserve me from this rebellion, I of my officers; neither shall his greatness, if do solemnly and faithfully promise, in the sight justly taxed, gain any privilege, but I shall be of God, to maintain the just privileges and ready to execute justice against all, from the freedom of parliament; to govern by the greatest to the least. Your pay shall be conknown laws of the land, to my utmost power; stantly delivered to your commanders, and if and particularly to observe inviolably the laws default be made by any officer, give me timely consented to by me this parliament. In the notice, and you shall find speedy redress. This mean while, if this time of war, and the great being performed on my part, I shall now denecessity and straits I am now driven to, be- clare what is your duty toward me, which I get any violation of those; I hope it shall be must likewise expect to be carefully performed imputed, by God and man, to the authors of by you. I shall desire all and every officer to this war, and not to me, who have so earnestly endeavour, by love and affable carriage, to laboured for the preservation of the peace of command his soldiers; since what is done for this kingdom. When I willingly fail in these fear is done unwillingly, and what is unwillingly particulars, I will expect no aid or relief from attempted can never prosper. Likewise it is any man, or protection from Heaven: but in my request that you be careful in the exercis this resolution I hope for the chearful assisting of your men, and bring them to use their ance of all good men, and am confident of God's blessing."

After the reading of this Speech and Protestation, it is entered, that "Because these may prove of much prejudice to the parties that are employed by the parliament in the army, the house resolved, That a conference be held with the commons, in order to appoint a committee of both houses, to consider of somewhat to be printed by their authority, along with the said Protestation, to vindicate the reputation of those persons concerned; and that somewhat may be expressed in it, That it is not the intent of parliament utterly to take away the Common Prayer-Book, as is rumoured abroad."

The Earl of Essex's Speech and Protestation, at the Head of the Parliament's Army.] About the same time was printed the following Speech and Protestation of the earl of Essex, at the Head of the Parliament's Army, before his arrival at Worcester, on the 24th of September:*

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arms, readily and expertly, and not to busy them in practising the ceremonious forms of military discipline; only let them be well in structed in the necessary rudiments of war, that they inay know to fall on with discretion, and retreat with care; how to maintain ther order, and make good their ground.-Also I do expect that all those, who have voluntarily engaged themselves in this service, should answer my expectation in the performance of these ensuing Articles: 1. "That you wil lingly and chearfully obey such as, by your own election, you have made commanders over you. 2. That you take special care to keep your arms at all times fit for service, that, upon all occasions you may be ready, when the signal shall be given by the sound of drum or trumpet, to repair to your colours; and so to march upon any service, where and when occasion shall require. 3. That you bear yourselves like soldiers, without doing any spoil to the inhabitants of the country: so doing you shall gain love and friendship, where otherwise you will be hated and complained of; and I, that

From the edition of the times, published should protect you, shall be forced to punish by Henry Fowler, Sept. 29, 1642.

you according to the severity of law, 4, That

Next the Lord-General's Letter to the Committee of Safety was read, in hæc verba:

"My lords and gentlemen; Having received from both houses of parliament a Petition to his majesty, I did send a letter to the earl of Dorset, by Mr. Fleetwood, unto which I received Answer last night: and because the Answer concerns much the parliament, I held it fit to send you copies of both, and I desire they may be presented to both houses. Your lordships will quickly see the difficulties arising from this Answer; not only in the ambiguity of the phrase, 'He hath, by name, accused of treason,' which both houses are themselves de

you accept and rest satisfied with such quarters as shall fall to your lot, or be appointed you by your quartermaster. 5. That you shall, if appointed for sentries or perdues, faithfully discharge that duty; for, upon fail hereof, you are sure to undergo a very severe censure. 6. You shall forbear to profane the Sabbath, either by being drunk, or by unlawful games; | for whosoever shall be found faulty must not expect to pass unpunished. 7. Whosoever shall be known to neglect the feeding of his horse with necessary provender, to the end that his horse be disabled or unfit for service; the party, for the said default, shall suffer a month's imprisonment, and afterward be ca-clared already, by his majesty's Proclamations, shiered as unworthy the name of a soldier. 8. That no trooper, or other of our soldiers, shall suffer his paddee to feed his horse in the corn, or to steal men's hay; but shall pay every man for hay 6d. day and night, and for oats 2 s. the bushel. And lastly, 9. That you avoid cruelty; for it is my desire rather to save the lives of thousands than to kill one, so that it may be done without prejudice.-These things faithfully performed, and the justice of our cause truly considered, let us advance with a religious courage, and willingly adventure our lives in the defence of the king and parliament."

Letters from the Earls of Essex and Dorset, relating to the Parliament's Petition to the King. Oct. 3. The lords received a packet of Letters from the Lord-General, in which was a copy of one his lordship had sent to the earl of Dorset in these words:

"My lord; I am commanded by the parliament to present their humble desires in a Petition to his majesty, which I desire your lordship would acquaint him with; that I may know his majesty's pleasure in what manner he will have it presented to him, and that there may be a safe convoy for such persons as I shall send to his majesty with it: I held it fit to put this trouble upon your lordship, knowing your nearness to the king, and believing your willingness to do a courtesy to Your, &c. ESSEX."

The Earl of Dorset's Answer was as follows:

"My lord; The king's late arrival here last night is the cause I could no sooner return this gentleman. According to your lordship's desire, I have acquainted his majesty with the Petition you are ordered to present to him from the parliament. He hath commanded me to let your lordship know, That the Petitions of the houses shall never find his ear shut against them; and that those whom you shall appoint to bring it (so they be none of those he hath, by name, accused of treason) shall come and go very safely; so as they come hither to-day, and send a trumpet before to acquaint the king with their entrance.* I rest, &c. DORSET. Shrewsbury, Sept. 28, 1642."

Lord Clarendon informs us, That the earl of Essex's Letter was sent by Mr. Fleetwood,

and Declarations, set forth before my coming from parliament; but also the uncertainty of what other Proclamations have been since made, and who therein have been personally named; and chiefly in this, That admitting this doubtful phrase to be intended strictly, I cannot send such who have been already accused by name, without exposing them to the uttermost hazard; and to send others, who are not personally named, might, upon this restric tion, allow that exception; and thereby deeply wound the parliament, who never admitted any such restriction. This causeth me to suspend the sending of the Petition, and to make this address to the Committee. I am, &c, ESSEX. Worcester, Sept. 29, 1642."

A conference being held on the contents of these Letters, both houses came to the following Resolutions: 1." That it doth not stand with the honour and privilege of parliament, that the Petition be delivered to the king under the restrictions mentioned in the earl of Dorset's letter. 2. That the lord-general shall signify unto his majesty, by such means as he shall think fit, the Resolutions of both houses, concerning the delivery of this Petition." But this second Resolution was altered by the lords, viz. "That the lord-general, by himself, or such hands as he shall think fit, shall, with all convenient speed, deliver the Petition unto his majesty. 3. That the lord-general shall be desired to proceed, according to his former instructions, in such manner as, in his own judg ment, he shall think fittest and most advan tageous to the service."

Advice of the King's coming to London with his Army. Both houses seem now extremely busy, for several days, in issuing out Orders for payments of Money, on different affairs, but all towards carrying on the war; with others matters of less concernment, such as sending for delinquents, and imprisoning them: but no public or private bills, or even a private cause, are so much as mentioned in either Journal; provision for their own safety being now their principal business. On the 12th of this month, the lords at a conference, were in

only a trooper in his guards, without a trumpet, or any ceremony. This Mr. Fleetwood afterwards raised himself to the rank of a general, and was one of Cromwell's upper house.

formed that the committee of safety had, the night before, received letters of the king's intentions to leave Shrewsbury, and march with his army directly towards London. On this intelligence the commons desired, lest the people should be frightened and taken unawares, that the aforesaid committee night draw up a Declaration, to be published through all the neighbouring counties, for the Trained Bands and all the forces, in and about London, to be put into a posture of defence, and be placed under such officers as that they may be ready at an hour's warning.

nor passed out, without Orders from both houses of parliament."

In consequence of the first of these Resolutions many persons, who refused to lead money, were sent for by the commons as delinquents; of whom we shall sention one only as an instance: Mr. Fountayne, a barrister at law, being asked by the Speaker, Whether be would contribute any thing in this time of common danger; said, He did humbly desire that he may not be compelled to give any answer. But being pressed to give his reasons for refusing to make any answer, he replied, Because he conceived it to be against the Petition of Right. Hercupon the commoos resolved, That he be committed prisoner to the Gatehouse, there to remain during the pleasure of that house for his contempt; and that bis arms be seized and taken from him by the sheriffs of London. However, a few days after, upon Mr. Fountayne's humble petition, the commons gave him leave to go, with the keeper of the Gatehouse, to bury his wife; but this liberty not to exceed four days.-A committee was also appointed to prepare a Declaration to set forth, That this demanding of contribu tion upon the Propositions, is according to law; and to set a mark of malignity and disaffection upon such as shall refuse to contribute, in this time of common danger.

The Parliament's Orders for Defence of the City.] Oct. 14. It was ordered, That guardhouses, with posts, bars and chains, be forth with erected and set up, in such places and by-lanes, in the parishes of St. Margaret's, Westminster, St. Martin's in the Fields, in the confines of Westminster; St. Clement's, Danes; St. Mary, Savoy; St. Andrew's, Holborn; St. Giles in the Fields; Covent-Garden, St. John'sStreet; St. James at Clerkenwell; St. Giles, Cripplegate; Shoreditch, White-Chapel, Islington, Mile-End, Southwark, and Lambeth, as should be thought necessary and convenient for the defence and safety of London and Westminster and that the Trained Bands and Volunteers of the said parishes should be under arms, and keep watch day and night; that they should seize and arrest all suspicious persons, arms, or ammunition, passing or repass-Trained Bands.] Next was read the following ing through the said places, and them keep till the pleasure of the parliament was known. Bill for calling an Assembly of Divines.] Oct. 15. A bill was sent up to the lords, intitled, An Act for calling an Assembly of godly and learned Divines, to be consulted with by the parliament, for settling the Government and Liturgy of the Church of England, and for vindicating and clearing the Doctrine thereof from false aspe's ons and interpretations. The commons desired the lords to give expedition to this bill, because it was to commence on the 5th of Feb. next; and it was read a first time this day.

Resolutions as to Contributions to the Parliament Loan, &c.] Oct. 15. p. m. A conference was held between the two houses, in which the commons delivered the following Resolutions for their lordship's concurrence; which was granted. Resolved, 1." That such persons as shall not contribute to the charge of the common-wealth, in this time of imminent danger, shall be held fit to be disarmed and secured. 2. That the fines, rents and profits, of archbishops, bishops, deans, deans and chapters, and of such notorious delinquents as have taken up arms against the parliament, or have been active in the Commission of Array, shall be sequestered for the use and service of the common-wealth. 3. That the king's revenue, arising out of rents, and fines in courts of justice, compositions for wards, and the like, and all other his majesty's revenues, shall be brought into the several courts and other places where they ought to be paid in; and not issued forth

The Parliament's Order for assembling the

Declaration, ordering all Trained Bands to he in readiness. It was also agreed to by the lords, and ordered to be printed and published:

"The lords and commons in parliament, con sidering, with much tenderness and compassion, the miserable condition of this kingdom, distracted and distempered with many present evils and imminent dangers, and brought now to such height of extremity of misery, that two English armies are near together, even ready to join in a dreadful and bloody encounter, through the violent and wicked counsel of those who have captivated both the person and the power of the king to their own impious and traiterous designs, do thereupon think good to publish and declare the same to the kingdom; together with some Directions and Provisions which may prevent the utter desolation and ruin both of religion and liberty, already overwhelmed and suppressed in the intention and hope of those rebels and traitors about the king; to which purpose it is desired by both houses, that all well-affected subjects may take notice of these particulars, that the king, by the help and assistance of the Papists, the prelatical and corrupt part of the clergy, the delinquent nobility and gentry, and by the con fluence of some notable traitors from beyond seas, the lord Digby, O'Neale, and others, and of many desperate, mercenary, and ill-affected persons from all parts of the kingdom, hath raised an army, armed, cloathed, and fed, for the most part, with the spoils of his subjects; giving them leave to plunder and rob all sorts of people, and to exact money and plate from