NOTES AND REMARKS ON THE LIST OF VERBS. (a) Beholden is used in a different sense. It means indebted, obligated. "Little are we beholden to your love."-Shak. This form, we think, is seldom employed in the current English of the present day. (b) "In one red burial blent."-Byron, as quoted by Mr. D'Orsey, to whom we are indebted for many of the examples introduced in these notes. (c) "The deer is broke."-Scott. (d) "Thou castedst them down into destruction."-Ps. 73: 18. "Jacob chode with Laban."-Gen. 31 : 36. dared. 'The ground clave asunder."-Numb. 16: 31. "So clomb this first grand thief into God's fold."-Milt. "Was clad with zeal."-Is. 59: 17. Dare to challenge has always the form of the mod. conjugation (k) Drunken is most generally used adjectively. It was formerly sometimes used to form compound tenses. Thou hast drunken the dregs," &c. Is. 51: 17. (1) There is, perhaps, a tendency in the use of this verb to prefer the form in ed. In speaking of suspension for the purpose of taking life, we now always use the form in ed, both as past tense and participle. (m) The form lien is found in the early editions of the authorized version. It may be found in the current editions in Gen. 26: 10. In other instances it has been replaced by lain. We suspect that lain is to be traced to a modern innovation in pronunciation (perhaps having some connection with the confusion of this verb with lay), which has come to be represented in the written form of the language. In Tyndale, Cranmer, and the Geneva version, the word is written lyne. These old forms retain the vowel sound of the root, which is not the case with lain. (n) Sunken is still sometimes used adjectively. For further remarks on this list, and on the formation of past tenses of the ancient conjugation, see our larger treatise on the Structure of the English Language, § 67. The study of this list should be followed by a course of exercises in forming propositions with certain prescribed tenses of the verbs from the list. By this plan the learner may be made as familiar as we please with these verbs, while he is acquiring practice in the formation of propositions, and in the use of the tenses. Let him be especially enjoined to form propositions with the different tenses of those verbs in which he is most likely to make mistakes; such as, come, do, drink, go, lay, lie, see, sit, write, &c. These exercises to be extended according to the wants of the pupil. CHAPTER IV. MODIFICATION OF THE SUBJECT AND PREDICATE BY NOUNS. § 49. (1) Hitherto we have treated of such modifications of the subjects and predicates of propositions as are effected by a change of the form of the subject noun, or of the verb; namely, the change of the form of the noun, intended to indicate plurality, and the changes of the form of the verb, intended to indicate plurality, person, time, and mode. (2) We now proceed to consider the modifications of the subject noun and verb effected by the employment of complementary or modifying words. (3) Before we introduce any new class of words employed for the purpose of modification, we intend to consider the several modifications of both subject and predicate, effected by the instrumentality of nouns. (4) Verbs never perform this kind of function. (5) According to the definition we have adopted, they are always assertive, and can never alone modify other words. (6) Nouns are employed in three distinct ways to modify other words; namely, 1st. Without any change of their form, except what they undergo when used as subject nouns; 2d. With § 49. (1) Mention the kind of modifications heretofore treated. (2) What kind do we now propose to consider? (8) What special class of these modifications comes first under notice? (4) Do verbs ever perform the function of modifying other words? (5) Tell why they are not employed alone for the purpose of modification. (6) Mention the three distinct ways in which nouns are employed for the purpose of |