Goodnow, F. J.: theory of dual
division of governmental powers,
322; theory of administration,
323; on place of political
parties in governmental system,
324.
Government: distinction between
state and, 324 seq.; Lieber on,
325; Burgess on, 325; Wilson
on, 327; Willoughby on, 327;
function of government during
Revolutionary period, 61; Lie-
ber's doctrine as to function of
government, 315; Woolsey on,
316; Wilson on, 317; Burgess
on, 317; Willoughby on, 319;
attitude of economists toward,
319; comparison of early with
later theory of governmental
functions, 321; Ross on limits
of state interference, 331.

Hamilton, A.: on natural rights,
48; doctrines developed in
Federalist, 103 seq.
Hammond, J. H.: quoted, 238.
Hereditary succession: Paine's op-
position to, 71; Revolutionary
state constitutions on, 75; John
Adams not averse to, 133.
Hooker, Thos.: theory of contract
as basis of religious and political
society, 20.

Hopkins, Stephen: on rights of En-

glishmen, 44; on taxation and
representation, 53.
Hosmer, W.: on liberty, 208.
Hurd, J. C.: on sovereignty as a
matter of fact, 292; on sover-
eignty of "states united," 295.

Individualism: in political theory
of Revolution, 95; in Abolitionist
theory, 215; in philosophical ar-
gument against slavery, 217; re-
cent change in attitude toward,

315 seq.; summary of these
changes, 321.

Inequality: as a basis for democ-
racy, 240. See Equality.

Jackson, Andrew: significance of
election and administration of,
178, 182; development of execu-
tive power by, 178; his theory of
rotation in office, 185; theory as
to nature of the Union, 264.
Jameson, J. A.: on different types
of constitutions, 291; on location
of sovereignty in United States,
293; on sovereignty of nation,

294.

Jefferson, Thos.: general consider-
ations respecting, 143; Declara-
tion of Independence and, 146;
on natural rights, 147; on the
consent of the governed, 148; on
principle of consent as main-
tained by revolution, 149; on
principle of consent as main-
tained by periodical revision of
constitution, 150; on exact period
for revision, 151; theory as to
monarchy, 153; theory as to aris-
tocracy, 155; on natural and
artificial aristocracy, 155; on
democracy, 157 seq.; definition of
republic by, 157; democratic
program of, 158; on educa-
tion and democracy, 159; on
local government and democ-
racy, 159; on subordination of
military to civil authorities, 160;
essential principle in democratic
theory of, 163; comparison with
J. Adams, 164; application of
democratic principles by, 164;
on agricultural population as
basis for democracy, 166;
sources of theory of, 167; rank
of, as political theorist, 171; sig-
nificance of career of, 171; aris-

tocratic elements in democracy
of, 174; on relation between
church and state, 195.
Judiciary: position accorded in
Revolutionary state constitutions,
80; theory of Federalist respect-
ing, 115; democratization of, 197.

Kent, Chancellor: argument of,
against universal suffrage, 189.

Legislature, conflict of, with colo-
nial governors, 34; predominant
position given in Revolutionary
state constitutions, 81; Federal-
ist doctrine respecting, 110;
Adams's theory of, 138; defence
of, against executive by Webster,
179; by Clay, 180; by Calhoun,
181; loss of power during Jack-
sonian epoch, 179 seq.
Liberty: Puritan theory of, 23;
Revolutionary doctrine as to, 49
seq.; constitutional measures de-
vised by Fathers to secure, 76;
Federalist theory as to guaranty
of, 119; anti-slavery doctrine re-
specting nature of, 206, 218, 222,
226; pro-slavery idea of, 234, 235;
comparison of pro- and anti-
slavery theories respecting, 235,
248; modern conception of, 312;
Burgess's doctrine of, 312.
Lieber, Francis: on difference be-

tween "nation" and "people,"
296; influence of, on American
political theory, 305; criticism of
state of nature by, 307; doctrine
of, as to natural rights, 308; dis-
tinction drawn by, between Galli-
can and Anglican liberty, 309.
Lincoln, A.: anti-slavery theory of,
221 seq.; interpretation of Dec-
laration of Independence, 222;
on Declaration of Independence
as an ideal, 223; on negro rights,

223; on danger in pro-slavery
theory, 224; on capitalistic theory
of society, 224; theory as to place
of laboring class, 225; on pres-
ervation of the Union, 291.
Locke, John: influence of, on
American Revolution, 89; con-
trast with Jefferson, 170.
Lowell, A. L.: on democracy and
the constitution, 329.

Madison, James: quoted in dis-
cussions of Federalist, 103 seq.;
theory of separation of church
and state, 195; doctrine of di-
visibility of sovereignty, 259; on
Union as a binding compact,
263.

Majority, rule of: Jefferson on, 158;

tyranny of, denounced by Cal-
houn, 271; theory of " concur-
rent majority proposed by
Calhoun, 273.

McDuffie, Gov.: on slavery, 238,
239.

Monarchy: opinion of, before

Revolution, 69; Paine's theory
of, 70; elimination of, from
American political system, 75;
Adams's theory as to function
of, 138; Jefferson's criticisms
on, 153.

Moses, B. J.: on democracy and

social growth, 328.

Mulford, E.: on "historical" and
"enacted" constitutions, 292; on
sovereignty in United States, 294.

Nationalism: Webster's argument
concerning, 284 seq.; later de-
velopment of theory of, 289 seq.;
summary of American theory
regarding, 302. See Union, Se-
cession, Nullification.
Nature, state of: Revolutionary
theory regarding, 47: theory of

Parties, place of, in American po-

litical system, 323.
Penn, William: theory of govern-
ment, 29; on democratic spirit
in America, 33.

People: Puritan political people, 5;
political people in 1776, 87;
"people" in Jefferson's day,
175; expansion of concept of,
during Jacksonian period, 187;
obscurity of term in 1789, 257;
Calhoun's interpretation of
"people of the United States,"
267 seq.; Webster's interpreta-
tion, 284 seq.; sovereignty of, see
Sovereignty.

Property: protection of, as purpose

of government, 62; as qualifica-
tion for suffrage, 84; as qualifica-
tion for office, 85; abandonment
of, as qualification for suffrage
and office, 193.

2; theocratic elements in, 5;
theory of, concerning relation
between church and state, 7;
democratic elements in, 16, 27;
contracts made by, in formation
of church and state, 17; idea of,
regarding liberty, 23; theory of
equality held by, 25.

Quakers: political ideas of, 27.

Revolution, right of: Mayhew on,
55; S. Adams on, 56; Dickinson
on, 56; state constitutions on, 58;
Jefferson's indorsement of, 149;
claimed for states, 266.
Revolution, period of: historical
considerations respecting, 38;
constitutional theory of patriots
during, 42; doctrine of natural
rights, 47; theory of social con-
tract, 49; theory of popular sov-
ereignty, 53; theory of right of
revolution, 55; theory as to pur-
pose of government, 60; Loyal-
ist theory, 63; idea of monarchy
and aristocracy, 70; doctrine of
delegated powers, 76; of weak
government, 77; of separation of
powers, 79; as to short terms of
office, 82; qualifications for suf-
frage during, 84; qualifications
for office during, 85; relation
between church and state, 86;
source of ideas of, 88.
Rights, civil: demanded for negro,
223; pro-slavery theory regard-
ing, 237.

Rights, natural: theory of, in 1776,
47; Jefferson on, 147; based on
human personality, 218; repudi-
ated by Cooper, 232; repudiated
by Calhoun, 232; interpretations
of, to justify slavery, 233 seq.;
Lieber's theory of, 309; Burgess's

Sage, B. J.: on nature of the
Union, 283.

Sawyer, G. S.: quoted on slavery,
237.

Secession: Tucker's theory of, 266;

Calhoun's doctrine of, 278 seq.;
Madison's opinion regarding,
263; Jackson's attitude toward,
264; Webster's idea of, 284;
recent theory respecting,
See Calhoun.

289.

Seward, W. H.: doctrine of

"higher law," 212.

Slavery: theory of radical Aboli-
tionists regarding, 205; philo-
sophic argument against, 217;
Lincoln's attack on, 221; basis
of pro-slavery argument, 227;
inequality as necessitating, 229;
natural rights and, 231; theory
of liberty in relation to, 234; as
natural relation between superior
and inferior races, 236; relation
of democracy to, 239; ultra-
conservative defence of, 243;
comparison between pro- and
anti-slavery theories, 248.
Socialism: Fitz-Hugh on 'relation
between slavery and, 244; atti-
tude of recent theorists toward
individualism, 315 seq.
Sovereignty of people in 1776,
53; Federalist doctrine as to

to

divisibility of, 255; doctrine of
U. S. courts as to divisibility of,
258; Madison's theory as
division of, 259; Rives's state-
ment as to division of, 261; Cal-
houn's theory of indivisibility of,
279; Calhoun on location of
sovereignty in U. S., 279; Cal-
houn's distinction between sov-
ereignty and its attributes, 280:
Webster's doctrine regarding lo-
cation of sovereignty in U. S.,
284; location of sovereignty by
later Nationalists, 293; doctrine
of sovereignty of nation, 294;
doctrine of sovereignty of "states
united," 295; Nationalist theory
of indivisibility of sovereignty,
298; Burgess's theory as to, 300;
application of Burgess's theory to
federal state, 300; relation of
distinction between state and
government to sovereignty, 326;
sociological discussion of sov-
ereignty, 330.

State: see Government, Social
Contract, Natural Rights.
Stephens, A. H.: on slavery as
proper basis for a republic, 239;
on nature of Union, 283.
Story, Joseph: on contract theory,
201; on double signification of
sovereignty, 262; on Constitu-
tion as a law, 285.
Suffrage: theory and practice of,
in 1776, 84; expansion of, dur-
ing Jacksonian period, 187
seq.; defence of property qualifi-
cation, 188; plea for universal
suffrage, 191.

Taylor, John: on aristocracy, 144;
on rotation in office, 186.
Taxation in relation to repre-
sentation, 42; constitutional
phase of taxation without repre-

from extreme individualism, 320.
Ward, L. F.: doctrine of socioc-

government, 215.
Tories: typical theory of, 63. See
Boucher.

Tracy, Destutt de: works of, rec-
ommended by Jefferson, 168.
Tucker, H. St. George: applica-
tion of social-contract theory to
nature of Union, 266.

Union, nature of: theory respect-
ing, in 1789, 253; Madison's doc-
trine of, 259; Jackson's theory of,
264 Tucker's social-contract
theory of, 266; Calhoun's doc-
trine of nullification, 268; Cal-
houn's doctrine of secession, 278;
Webster's nationalist theory, 284;
later nationalist theory, 289; Bur-
gess's doctrine of, 299; summary
of theories regarding, 302.

racy, 329.

Wayland, Francis : anti-slavery
theory of, 218 seq.; on man as
a person, 218; on rights of per-
sonality, 219; on slavery as sub-
versive of personal rights, 219;
on slavery and democracy, 220.
Webster, Daniel: theory of legis-
lative power as guardian of lib-
erty, 179; theory as to nature of
the Union, 285; on constitution
as a law, 284; as representative
of national spirit, 287; compar-
ison of, with Calhoun, 287.
Williams, Roger: on nature of the
church, 7; on relation between
church and state, 9.
Willoughby, W. W.: criticism of
natural rights by, 310; doctrine
as to function of government, 319;
on composite state, 301.
Wilson, Woodrow on function of
government, 317.

government, 316.