into the whole world, and preach the Gospel to every creature. (Mark, xvi, 15). "You shall be witnesses to me in Jerusalem and in all Judea, and Samaria, and even to the uttermost parts of the earth." (Acts 1, 8). After Pentecost day the Apostles separated and preached everywhere; first to the Jews and afterwards to the Gentiles. "God will have all men to be saved, and to come to the knowledge of the truth; for there is one God and one Mediator of God and men, the man Christ Jesus, Who gave Himself a redemption for all."

(1 Tim. 11, 4, 5).

A few short years after the Apostles started on their mission St. Paul could write: "Verily, their sound hath gone forth unto all the earth, and their words unto the ends of the whole world. (Rom. x, 18). As early as the end of the first century and the beginning of the second, the Church of Christ was being called Catholic. "Where the bishop is there let the multitude of believers be; even as where Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church." (St. Ignatius). St. Justin wrote "There is no race of men--whether of barbarians or of Greeks, or, in fine, bearing any other name, whether because they live in wagons or without a fixed habitation, or dwell in tents, leading a pastoral life--among whom prayers and eucharists are not offered to the Father and Maker of the universe through the name of the crucified Jesus. Hence, it is clear, that from the beginning the Church showed signs of being universal. Within the space of three hundred years it suffered ten major persecutions by the Roman Emperors in an effort to root it out of every corner of their vast empire. The fact that it survived indicates that it could endure for all time. The external persecutions ended when Constantine, the Emperor, became a convert. This showed that the Church was for kings as well as for peasants. This characteristic of the Church, that it is for all men, was evident from the very first day of its birth. On Pentecost day St. Peter preached and converted three

thousand. Among those converted were "Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Judea, and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia, and Pamphilia, Egypt, and the parts of Lybia about Cyrene, and strangers of Rome, Jews also, and proselytes, Cretes and Arabians. (Acts 11, 911). Each one heard him speak in his own tongue. Evidently, catholicity is a mark of the Church of Christ.

Apostolicity

The Church of Christ is necessarily apostolic. That is, the true Church must be the same as the Church of the Apostles, holding the same doctrine as the Apostles, and deriving her power of orders and power of jurisdiction from them.

The true Church must be the same as the Church of the Apostles because they were chosen to be the pillars of the Church. To them, Jesus, the Son of God, said: "All power is given to me in heaven and on earth. Going, therefore, teach ye all nations baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. They were the ones chosen to be His representatives and to publish His doctrines and to establish His Church in all parts of the world so that it might be a means of salvation to all men for all times, even to the consummation of the world.

The true Church must teach the same doctrines as the Apostles. They had the doctrines directly from Christ. They were told to teach all nations "to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you. "He that believeth you and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be condemned. St. Paul, addressing the Galatians, said: "For I make known to you, brethren, as touching the Gospel which was preached by me, that it is not after man. For neither did I receive it from man, nor was I taught it, but it came to me through the revelation of Jesus Christ." And again, "But though we or

an angel from heaven should preach unto you any gospel other than that which we preach unto you, let him be anathema. "As we have said before so we say again, if any man preach unto you any gospel other than that which you have received, let him be anathema. (Gal. 1, 8, 11, 16).

The true Church must derive her power of orders from the Apostles. That is, she must come down to us in an unbroken line from the Apostles. This is necessary since Christ founded His Church for all times and all men. The Apostles appointed successors to themselves to watch over and keep the doctrine entrusted to them. "Hold the form of sound words which thou has heard of me.... Keep the good things committed to thy trust by the Holy Ghost who dwelleth in (2 Tim. 1, 13, 14). They commanded them to appoint further successors with the same duties. "The things which thou hast heard of me by many witnesses the same commend to faithful men who shall be fit to

us.

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teach to others also. (2 Tim. ii, 2). St. Clement, a disciple of the Apostles, described how they went from town to town, province to province, appointing the "first fruits thereof, duly tried by the Spirit, to be bishops and deacons of them that should believe....and then gave them command that when they came to die other approved men should succeed to their ministry.

By the power of orders we mean that conferred on a Bishop by his consecration; or that conferred on a priest by his sacerdotal ordination; and so on for the inferior orders. These, we say, must come in unbroken line from the Apostles to us through their successors. It was to the Apostles that the Son of God said just before He died: "Do this in commemoration of Me. At that instant He gave to them the fullness of His priestly powers and all that they implied and all that His action implied.

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The true Church must derive her power of jurisdiction from the Apostles. By the power of jurisdiction we mean the power of ruling subjects.

This power can only be conferred by the supreme authority in the Church. That this is so is easily seen by an analogy. An army general cannot exercise any authority until he receives a command from his ruler for the simple reason that he has no men under him to command. Similarly, a Bishop or a priest cannot exercise any act of spiritual jurisdiction until he has subjects placed under him by an authority which has supreme spiritual jurisdiction over the Bishops, priests and people. This supreme authority lies in the successors of the Apostles in union with St. Peter as the chief of the Apostles. "For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved. How then shall they call on Him in whom they have not believed? Or how shall they believe Him of whom they have not heard? And how shall they hear without a preacher? (the power of orders) and how shall they preach unless they be sent? (power of jurisdiction) Faith then cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of Christ (as preached by those who have received the power of orders and the power of jurisdiction). (Rom. x, 1315).

Evidently, the true Church must be Apostolic. That is, besides teaching the same doctrine as the Apostles she must receive her power of orders and power of jurisdiction from Apostolic successors.

Chapter VIII

THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH WAS FOUNDED BY CHRIST

In the last chapter we ascertained the marks r characters which distinguish the Church of Christ rom all other organizations which claim to be the rue Church. We found that these distinguishing arks are unity, holiness, catholicity and apostoicity. Any Church which lacks even a single one of hem cannot be the church founded by Jesus Christ.

In this chapter we propose to show that the oman Catholic Church, as it exists now in the wentieth century, with all its sacraments, reigious ceremonies, organization and discipline, is nd always has been the true Church, founded by hrist and spread by the apostles. We shall also how that no other church possesses even a single ne of the necessary marks of the true church. In his respect we shall examine in a particular manner he Protestant and the Greek Churches since they preend to be in full possession of all Christian Reveation.

The Roman Catholic Church possesses all the arks of the true Church of Christ. It is like a ity on a mountain top. Its light shines to all men nd its marks are apparent to all who may wish to xamine them.

he Roman Catholic Church has Unity

She possesses a principle of unity, a law, sort of chain, which unites by an indissoluble ond all the minds, hearts and wills of its members. his is the principle of authority. All Catholics ecognize in the Chair of Peter a sovereign and inependent authority from which emanates and on which epends all ecclesiastical authority, an authority