those on board the Munroe could see the four men struggling over the rough ice for more than two hours.

IN THE ICE OFF SPITSBERGEN. The next day the weather continued bright and cold, the sky blue and cloudless. Occasionally a northwest breeze rippled the mirror-like water which was filled with ice-crystals. Often it was so still that films of ice formed though not solid enough to interfere with the countless birds swimming in it. Water on deck froze into slush or solid cakes.

The captain tried to ram the pack but it was too firm to yield. Then he attached two lines to ice-hummocks, and signaled to the engines to drive full speed ahead, so that the current made by the propeller might wear a channel or else crack the pack a mile or so back. All that was accomplished by these experiments was to consume a lot of coal.

After dinner five more men set out to cross the ice to Advent Bay, and in the middle of the afternoon, Mangham, the English winter superintendent, arrived from the mine in company with the blacksmith. They had made an expedition to Coles Bay on the afternoon after the arrival of the Munroe and from the high land back of Coles Bay had examined Ice Fjord with fieldglasses, but somehow missed seeing the ship which was some sixteen miles distant tied up to the ice. On the shore of Coles Bay the Arctic Coal Company had a hut used by hunters and prospectors. After resting there for a while they started back to Advent Bay, and on reaching high ground again took another look, and this time discovered the vessel, and struck across for it, arriving there about the same time as Gilson and his party reached the camp.

4. TROUBLE AT THE ENGLISH CAMP Mangham had an interesting story of the condition that had obtained in the camp of the English Company during the winter. Ten English and Scotch miners, and about sixty Scandinavians, mostly Swedes, had been left to work the mine. The manager had been an officer in the British Army, and seemed to have treated the Swedes as if they had been

army raw recruits. Among the supplies left in the autumn had been more than fourteen thousand bottles of beer and other "wet goods"; a bar had been established, and those men that worked spent there all they earned. Some of them became half crazy from drink; a row occurred early in the season and the manager undertook to settle it by appearing among them carrying a gun with which he threatened them. The men took the gun away from him, threw him to the ground, and would probably have killed him had not some of the cooler members of the mob interfered. He escaped to his house, and there kept himself a virtual prisoner, after the approach of continuous daylight, not daring to show himself lest the men would shoot him. Machinery had been broken and, like the men, would not work; water-tanks had been left full so that when ice formed they burst. There had been many brawls and fights.

The manager invited Gilson to come over and dine with him and he was glad to do so, as he thought he might borrow some horses. The manager told his side of the riot, and asked Gilson to deliver to Mr. Longyear a letter which he dared not entrust to any of his own men.

The Scandinavians had announced that when the English Company's vessel arrived in the spring they would seize it, and take every one in the camp back to Norway, where they proposed to hale the manager into court and compel him to pay them their wages for the winter, although they had been on strike all the time and had not worked. It was therefore important that the English ship should not touch the land. The manager in his letter asked Mr. Longyear to go out and meet it when he saw it coming, and deliver certain letters and papers which he enclosed in his letter to some of the directors of the company who would be on board.

PROGRESS AT THE MINE. Mangham and the blacksmith reported that everything at the American mine was getting along finely. They had enjoyed a prosperous winter and had made good progress: the dock was built, and the timber for the coal-pocket was all framed ready to be erected. The men

were well and contented; Mangham had used his spare time in teaching them English, and many of them could already understand it very well. All the animalsAll the animals-even the pigs— were in prime condition. About five o'clock that afternoon the captain ran the ship across to Safe Harbor, about twelve miles distant, thinking that they might leave their lumber there and then return to Trondhjem for the rest of the equipment. But there also the ice was still solid. They found that by ramming into it they were able to penetrate several hundred yards.

VISITS FROM SEALERS AND SEALS. Two hunters, whose smack had been crushed by the ice, so that they had been obliged to spend the winter on land, came aboard in Safe Harbor and asked passage back to Norway. They had killed eight blue foxes and ten Polar bears.

The Captain next tried to penetrate into Green Harbor but there the same ice-conditions prevailed-with no chance for unloading. On their return they moored against the pack again but about three miles nearer the mine, where the captain found by soundings that there was plenty of water. A seal dived down under the vessel and came up on the other side of it. Another allowed a rowboat to come within five or six yards of him. The abundance of animal life all about continued to astonish them. On one occasion a baby-seal came so close to the ship that one had to lean over the rail to see him: "he looked like silver when he was submerged in the clear, icy water." On another occasion a large blue seal was seen on the ice about half a mile away. The seal had one chance for his life: there was only one cartridge left for the gun! The mate took the boat and, sculling along by the edge of the pack, reached a point six or seven hundred feet distant where the boat was hidden by high hummocks. He fired the single cartridge. The seal never moved: it was shot through the head. When it was brought to the ship Mr. Longyear "kodaked" him at midnight.

KILLING A WALRUS. On another occasion, while still icebound in the fjord, a walrus was seen swimming near the