member of the American Colonization Society and remembered it in his will. The mill at Toddsberth once belonged to this society.

Madison died in 1836, and his widow qualified as executrix, giving bond for $100,000. Judge Philip P. Barbour's will was proved in 1841, and the administration bond was for $120,000.

In Dr. Taylor's "Virginia Baptist Ministers" it is stated that Mr. Craig was imprisoned in both Culpeper and Orange. The Orange records do not sustain this statement.

Although interest in improved stock, and especially in horses, was never so great in former times as now, yet the importation of thoroughbreds for breeding purposes began long ago, Governor Barbour having imported several notable horses from England early in the last century. Mr. R. B. Haxall, who resided at Rocklands, gave quite an impulse to the breeding of fine stock of every kind, and also to high-grade farming. He introduced what is commonly known as "Japan clover" in the County, and kept in stud for many years several of Major Doswell's highest bred horses, and others of equally famous pedigree.

Some years prior to the war a joint stock company built a training stable at Lee's Crossing, near Madison Run, known locally as the "Horse College," and placed an imported English trainer, named Carrier, in charge. Here was kept "Voltaire," probably the most famous "sire" ever known in Orange, and this history would be incomplete if Voltaire's name were omitted.

A general officer bought him during the war, and he

was killed in battle; but to be able to trace lineage back to him still establishes a horse genealogy throughout the County.

For many years, so many that the oldest inhabitant forty years since knew not how long, an old dismounted cannon lay on the old turnpike, a few hundred yards below the County seat. It was the custom of the boys, at Christmas and on the Fourth of July, to load it up and fire a round of salutes, and about 1860 it was overcharged and burst. Most probably it was left there during the Revolution, but this is only surmise. Another, just like it, was at the Orange Springs. This was not only burst by a discharge, but the man who touched it off was killed by the explosion—a valuable servant of Mr. Coleman who owned the Springs.

The name "Old Trap," the modern Locust Grove, appears as early as 1785. The old names for Poplar Run were "Baylor's Run" and "Beaver Dam Run," and the name for the bend in the Rapidan near where this run enters it was the "Punch Bowl," and it is so printed on the maps. Prior to 1800 there was an incorporation of a prospective village under the name of "Mechanic." It was somewhere between Barboursville and the Greene line, but it never became a village; a "boom" perhaps in the chrysalis state. Verdiersville, in the grim humor of the soldiers, was known as "My Dearsville," during the war.

In the one hundred and seventy three years that the County has existed, there have been practically but five King's and Commonwealth's Attorneys; Zachary Lewis, John Walker, Gilbert H. Hamilton, Lewis B.

2

Williams, and John G. Williams; an average term of nearly thirty-five years.

These are some of the old land grants in the County: In 1772, to Bartholomew Yates, Latane, Robinson, Clouder, Harry Beverley, William Stanard, and Edwin Thacker, 24,000 acres on south side of Rapidan, one quarter of a mile below mouth of Laurel Run. To Harry Beverley, 6,720 acres, north side head of Pamunkey. To James Taylor, 8,500 acres, both sides Little Mountains, south of Rapidan, adjoining John Baylor's land. To same, 5,000 acres. To William Beverley, 2,500 acres. In 1723, to Ambrose Madison and Thomas Chew, 4,675 acres. In 1726, to William Todd, two grants of 4,673 acres each, on both sides of Little Mountains, south of Rapidan; grant mentions Taliaferro's Run, and calls for a corner with Ambrose Madison. To Francis Conway, 576 acres. To John Taliaferro, the younger, 935 acres, South West Mountain. To Benjamin Porter a tract adjoining Colonel Spotswood, J. and Lawrence Taliaferro; and in 1727, to John Downer, a tract adjoining James Taylor.

In nearly all of the earlier grants, the Southwest Mountains are called the Little Mountains and Blue Run is invariably spelled "Blew."

Many more items, curious rather than historical, might be added, but these are deemed to be quite enough.

CHAPTER XXII

Biographical Sketches.

Barbour, B. Johnson. Youngest son of Governor Barbour, born 1821, died 1894; had great literary accomplishments and extraordinary gifts as a speaker and conversationalist; was long Rector of the University of Virginia, and Visitor to the Miller School, and, like his father, was greatly devoted to the cause of general education. He was elected to Congress immediately after the war, but was not permitted to take his seat under the proscriptive regimé that then prevailed. He represented the County in the Legislature and was one of the earliest supervisors; was the orator on the occasion of the dedication of the Clay statue in the Capitol Square in Richmond; and such was his eloquence and scholarship that he was always in demand

as an orator.

Barbour, James. Born June 10, 1775; died June 7, 1842; served in the legislature from 1796 to 1812, and during his service in that body was the strenuous advocate of Madison's famous "Resolutions of 1798-99;" was elected Governor, January, 1812, and served as such with patriotic zeal, practically until the end of the War of 1812; was elected United States Senator

in 1815, where he served until 1825, then becoming Secretary of War until 1828, when he was sent as Minister Plenipotentiary to England, whence he was recalled in 1829 on the election of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency; was chairman of the National Convention which nominated William Henry Harrison in 1839, and for years the president of the Orange Humane Society, in which position he fostered education in every possible way. Though others claim that distinction, there is little reason to doubt that he was the originator of the Literary Fund of Virginia which has been the mainstay of popular education from its creation until now, greatly supplemented, certainly, since the public free schools have become a State institution. His wish was that public service only should constitute his epitaph. He is said to have been a majestically handsome man, of great eloquence, and a wonder as a conversationalist. He lies buried at Barboursville in an unmarked grave. It would be a just tribute to his memory, and a tardy recognition of his great services to the cause of education in his County and State, for the school authorities to erect some memorial over it.

Barbour, Philip Pendleton.

Born May 25, 1783; son of Thomas and brother of the Governor. After he had been admitted to the Bar and had practiced law, he studied at William and Mary College; member of the Legislature 1812-14; of the United States House of Representatives 1814-21, and Speaker of the House; resigned in 1825, and was appointed United States District Judge; again Member of Congress from