matters as enrollment in the schools and vocational classes, organization and equipment of the vocational departments, the teachers schedule, and the general efficiency of the work being done.

Seventeen schools, an increase of approximately 143 per cent over last year, were approved for Federal aid and enrolled 491 pupils in vocational work. The total income of pupils from directed or supervised practice in agriculture in 1918-19 was $9,206.54.

The demand from many quarters for agricultural graduates has been so great and the inducements so attractive in other lines of work that relatively few students in the college of agriculture of the State university have been inclined to make definite preparation for teaching. Thus no men have graduated up to date from the teachertraining course at the State university. However, with the increasing attractiveness of the position of agricultural teacher, under the influence of Federal and State funds, and with a disposition on the part of the State board and its officers to require more thorough preparation on the part of vocational teachers, it is probable that more attention on the part of students will be given in the future to definite preparation for this work. Itinerant-teacher training carried on during the year was only such as was incidental to State supervision. A six weeks' summer session was held at the close of the university year.

As discussed at some length in the State supervisor's annual report one year ago, there is a splendid opportunity for the development of vocational agricultural education within the State of Idaho. Agriculture is decidedly the most important primary industry of the State-possibly more important than all others combined. The agricultural population of the State is, as a whole, intelligent, enterprising, and progressive. The university extension work, the farm bureau movement, and the activities of all other legitimate enterprises for the promotion of agriculture met generally with a ready and favorable response on the part of the farming population. This favorable attitude extended also to the teaching of vocational agriculture in the high schools of the State, and very substantial progress was made in such teaching in the two and one-half years since Federal aid became operative in the State.

HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION.

This year there was a full-time supervisor of home economics in Idaho. Conferences were held at five teachers' institutes, and homeeconomics work in all the high schools of the State has been upgraded by new courses of study and by the services of the supervisor. There were 5 all-day vocational schools, each a department in a high school, enrolling 98 students, a gain of 3 schools and 43 students er the previous year.

Evening work was started in 2 centers, with 3 classes and an enrollment of 50 women. There were no part-time classes.

At the State university 48 students were enrolled in the teachertraining course. This institution has an especially good opportunity for practice teaching in the high schools of Moscow, but is in need of facilities for carrying on laboratory work in household management.

TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.

In trade and industrial education the progress during the year has been marked. This year shows 15 evening classes, with an enrollment of 427 pupils, contrasted with 1 school with 10 pupils last year. Part-time trade schools number 8, with an enrollment of 145, as against 3 schools and 52 pupils last year. Four all-day trade schools were conducted, the enrollment being 50; there were none last year. The forthcoming year will see a material extension of evening, parttime, and all-day trade work. Of the latter, five schools will be added. A skilled investigator from the vocational department is studying the lumber industry in cooperation with the operators, with a view to the introduction of training for woods and mill employees, and training will be established for workers in the railroad shops. These forms of vocational training, together with the work now being carried on for miners, sugar-factory employees, employees of the building industries, and the auto and tractor mechanics establishments, will furnish contacts with the principal lines of industrial occupation in the State.

Teacher training for trade and industrial education is conducted at the Idaho Technical Institute on a resident basis, and training is also given by an itinerant teacher trainer employed by the State board.

ILLINOIS.

Members of State board: Francis W. Shepardson, chairman, director of registration and education; Francis G. Blair, State superintendent of public instruction; Charles Adkins, director of agriculture; Barney Cohen, director of labor; William II. Boys, director of trade and commerce.

Executive officer: Francis G. Blair, State superintendent of public instruction, Springfield.

State supervisor of industrial education: E. A. Wreidt; J. F. Kolb and J. E. Fults, assistant supervisors.

State supervisor of agricultural education: Carl Colvin; J. E. Hill, assistant supervisor.

State supervisor of home economics education: Cora I. Davis; Elizabeth Beyer, assistant supervisor.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

The organization of the department consisted of one State supervisor and one assistant supervisor with offices at Springfield. Both the State supervisor and assistant supervisor spent a large part of the time with the teachers in the field.

No regular publication was sent out from the office. A series of letters and notes to the vocational teachers were sent out by the State supervisor, and monthly reports were sent to him by all teachers. There were 1,299 boys and 27 girls enrolled in the 79 high schools approved for reimbursement from State and Federal funds under the plan of the State board for vocational education. Each student in the vocational classes carried on home-project work in agriculture. The home work consisted of individual projects, such as the growing of 10 acres of corn; and farm managerial work in cooperation with the parents was also a feature of the home practice. One-half of the salary apportioned to vocational agriculture in the high schools was paid from State and Federal funds.

The teacher-training classes were carried on in the University of Illinois and in two of the normal schools. Two instructors gave full time to the teacher-training classes in the University of Illinois. The agricultural departments in four high schools, near the University, were used as typical vocational departments for the purpose of giving practice in teaching to the students in the teacher-training classes. An advisory staff, consisting of nine professors of the College of Agriculture, gave some time to the teacher-training classes.

The interest in vocational agriculture in the State is increasing rapidly and the number of schools for the next year will be very much larger than the number approved during the past fiscal year.

HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION.

In 1919-20 a supervisor of home economics education was employed on full time. In 1920-21 she will continue on full time and be given the services of an assistant.

In 1918-19 there were 20 all-day home economics departments and 9 home economics evening-school centers. In 1919-20 there were 61 all-day departments, 25 of which were reimbursed from Federal funds. There were 20 evening centers, only 1 of which was reimbursed from Federal funds. Special State appropriations made possible a large number of vocational schools in home economics that could not have been supported from the limited Federal funds.

In many instances the work in home nursing and care and feeding of children was handled by a registered nurse, who was also the school nurse, the instruction given being of a highly practical type. In the evening classes special classes were organized for the making children's garments and men's shirts, and for simple home tailor

ing, in which men's suits and overcoats were made over for small boys. In each instance the work was handled by either a trained teacher or a practical worker who was a specialist in the particular line.

In one city a teacher was employed on full time to give instruction to foreign women. The classes were held in the homes of different women and included lessons in buying, thrift, housekeeping, the feeding and care of children, home nursing, and practical cookery.

Training of teachers for home economics schools and departments is conducted in the University of Illinois, Urbana, and the State Normal University, Normal. Both of these institutions have excellent facilities for practice teaching and are provided with practice houses for supervised home management.

TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.

This year the staff in industrial education consisted of a supervisor and one assistant supervisor, each serving on a full-time basis. For next year an additional assistant supervisor will be employed.

Evening trade extension classes were conducted in 23 cities as compared with 4 cities last year. Vigorous promotional efforts resulted in the establishing of evening classes in coal mining in 16 cities. It is hoped to materially increase the number of evening classes, in coal mining and other subjects during the coming year. Part-time classes for apprentices in railroad repair shops were established in 1 city late this year, with an enrollment of 89 apprentices. Effort will be made to establish more of such classes during the coming year.

Three cities took advantage of the optional-mandatory law on part-time schools and conducted general continuation classes this year, with a total enrollment of 7,792 pupils. As a result of extensive promotional work 8 additional cities have voted to establish such schools next year. Efforts will be continued to induce more cities to take advantage of the optional-mandatory law.

In September, 1921, the mandatory law on part-time schools goes into effect for the ages 14-16. Plans are being formulated for conducting teacher-training courses in various parts of the State next year, with the object of preparing the school people of the State for the compulsory continuation schools to be established in September, 1921.

Teacher-training courses were offered this year in 4 centers, with a total enrollment of 285.

INDIANA.

Members of State board: L. N. Hines, State superintendent of public instruction; W. L. Bryan, president, State University; W. E. Stone, president, Purdue University; W. W. Parsons, president,

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State normal schools; E. U. Graff, superintendent, Indianapolis public schools; L. P. Benezet, superintendent, Evansville public schools; R. W. Himelick, superintendent, Fort Wayne public schools; George R. Grose, president, DePauw University; A. M. Hall, manufacturer; C. O. Williams, county superintendent; Mrs. E. E. Olcott, professor of primary education; Harry L. Fidler, railroad engineer; Clifford Funderburg, county superintendent.

Executive officer: L. N. Hines, State superintendent of public instruction.

State director of vocational education: J. G. Collicott.

State supervisor of agriculture: Z. M. Smith.

State supervisor of home economics: Bertha Latta.

State supervisor of trade and industry: H. M. Appleman.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

The State supervisor of agriculture, who devoted his entire time to supervision, had the assistance of three men, who were engaged in junior extension work. During the year they made 100 visits to vocational schools, held 15 conferences with teachers, including State and district, arranged a course of study for vocational departments the completion of which admits vocational pupils to Purdue University, arranged for a summer term at Purdue for persons preparing to teach vocational subjects, enlarged the teachertraining department to include three practice-teaching centers, and prepared a report on supervised project work in Indiana

Fifty-two schools, an increase of approximately 53 per cent over last year, were approved for Federal aid and enrolled 1,120 pupils in vocational work. The total income of pupils from directed or supervised practice in agriculture in 1918-19 was $89,195. There were held during the year 19 part-time schools, including short courses, with an enrollment of 973.

The teacher-training work was continued at Purdue University. Twenty-two seniors and 17 juniors were enrolled in the teachertraining courses for vocational agriculture. Three centers have been used for observation and practice teaching. District and State conferences were held for improvement of teachers in service and a nine weeks' summer session was held, with an enrollment of 42 students. who took work in poultry, soils, horticulture, animal husbandry. and special methods.

The progress of vocational agricultural education in Indiana has been satisfactory, especially in the direction of teacher-training work.

HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION.

A State vocational law has operated in Indiana since 1913, so that vocational education in home economics was started in the State