ized during the year. Shipyard instructors met for 8 or 10 lectures and a discussion of problems of a teacher-training character. The State is largely engaged in the manufacture of clothing, iron and steel products, shipbuilding, and chemical products.

Most of these plants are located in cities of over 25,000 population. A study of the relative number of evening, part-time, and all-day classes indicates that more attention could well be given to parttime instruction. A preliminary investigation of the shipbuilding industry and fertilizer manufacturing was carried on by the State supervisor. The purpose of these investigations was to determine whether a field for training existed and the kind of training to be given. The survey has not yet been completed to a degree which will warrant final recommendations being made.

REGION NO. 2.

VIRGINIA.

Membership of State board: Harris Hart, State superintendent of public instruction; Westmoreland Davis, governor; John R. Saunders, attorney general; James M. Page, professor of mathematics; Henry C. Ford, professor of Latin; J. E. Williams, professor of mathematics; B. E. Copenhaver, county superintendent of schools; F. M. Martin, city superintendent of schools; William R. Smithey, secretary State board.

Executive officer: Harris Hart, State superintendent of public instruction, Richmond.

State director for vocational education: None.

State supervisor for agricultural education: Thomas D. Eason. State supervisor for home-economics education: Edith Baer. State supervisor for trade and industrial education: Raymond V. Long.

PROVISIONS FOR COOPERATION.

The Federal act was accepted by proclamation of the governor dated March 28, 1917. The 1918 session of the State legislature in an act approved on April 9 formally accepted the provisions of the Federal act. The State board of education is designated as the State board for vocational education. The 1918 session of the State legislature provided the sum of $64,460 for the promotion of vocational education for the year 1919-20. State funds are available for the State board for the expenses of supervision and administration.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

A full-time State supervisor of agriculture is employed. During the year 33 schools were organized, an increase of 65 per cent over the previous year. There were 313 boys and 7 girls enrolled for vocational agricultural instruction. The enrolled pupils in 1917-18 made from directed or supervised practice in agriculture $9,295.89.

Teacher-training work was organized at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Only one course was offered during the year for which reimbursement from Federal funds was expected. A part of the time of the man responsible for teacher training at the institution was devoted to the improvement of teachers in service.

During the period of the war there was grave danger that the vocational movement would not develop as rapidly as the State had expected, due to the fact that many of the teachers of agriculture left their schools to enlist in the Army, and the further fact that no other men were available for this work. Prospects are now bright, however, for securing teachers for vocational agriculture, and the State will probably be able to establish as many schools as her funds will permit. It is the policy of the State board to establish at least one vocational department of agriculture in every county of the State. All forces work together for better farm conditions. The progress made during the past year toward meeting the needs of rural life in the State encourages the belief that much greater progress will be made in the future.

HOME-ECONOMICS EDUCATION.

In 1918-19 a member of the faculty of William and Mary College, Williamsburg, was lent to supervise home-economics education in the State of Virginia. She spent approximately two-sevenths of her time in the field, and in her work as State supervisor of home-economics education, reported regularly to the office of the State superintendent of public instruction, at Richmond, to confer on the work in the State. Conferences of county school superintendents were attended by the supervisor in order to explain the work and to show how a program for home-economics education could best be organized. Advice on courses of study and programs of work were sent out by her to the superintendents in the State and a very good foundation laid for the organization of the work in another year. Two home-economics departments in high schools, one part time. and eight evening centers, have been organized in Virginia. At the evening centers 19 classes were conducted in such subjects as millinery, dressmaking, sewing, dietetics, and cookery.

Three institutions have been designated to train teachers, the State normal school at Harrisonburg and William and Mary College for white teachers, and the Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute at Petersburg for negro teachers. William and Mary College, recently organized on the coeducational basis, gave the first-year work of a four-year course. The other two institutions have been giving home-economics instruction for several years. The Harrisonburg State Normal School maintains a four-year course, and has a wellequipped practice house, and good practice teaching is offered in the Harrisonburg city schools and in the near-by rural schools.

TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.

The State employs a full-time supervisor for trade and industrial education, appointed February 1, 1919. With the exception of an evening class in Portsmouth, the city of Richmond so far is the only center in Virginia which has taken advantage of Federal funds. In Richmond nine evening school classes and one unit trade course for machinists have been conducted. The city employs a full-time supervisor. The prospects for the coming fiscal year indicate that at least 10 centers will be established in the State, representing all the different types of classes aidable under the trade and industrial fund. In order to extend the limited fund for trade and industrial education, the State board for vocational education has required for the coming year that the local communities supplement the Federal and State money by at least one-third of the total amount expended in salaries. During the next fiscal year there will be three centers organized in which teacher-training instruction will be given. The board of education of the city of Richmond has been made responsible for training white shop instructors. While some difficulty was experienced in securing attendance during the present year, the prospects are favorable for the next fiscal year. The State Normal and Industrial Institute has been designated by the State board for training colored teachers in shop and related subjects. The Virginia Polytechnic Institute is officially charged with the responsibility of training white instructors in related subjects. Up to the present time no courses have been inaugurated.

NORTH CAROLINA.

Membership of State board: E. C. Brooks, chairman, State superintendent of public instruction; Mary Arrington, teacher; T. B. Fuller, cotton manufacturer; B. W. Kilgore, director of agricultural extension.

Executive officer: E. C. Brooks, State superintendent of public instruction, Raleigh.

State director for vocational education and supervisor for agricultural education: T. E. Browne.

State supervisor for vocational agricultural education: Roy H. Thomas.

PROVISIONS FOR COOPERATION.

The Federal act was accepted by State statute in 1917. This act was amended and extended by the 1919 session of the legislature. The revised act of acceptance creates a State board for vocational education, to consist of four members, as follows: The State superintendent of public instruction and three other members to be appointed by the governor, one to represent agriculture, one to represent home economics, and one to represent trades and industries. The 1919 session of the legislature appropriates out of the State public

school fund a sum of money for each fiscal year equal to the maximum sum which may be allotted to the State from the Federal Treasury for vocational education. This appropriation carries for the year 1919-20, $67,452.49, and for the year 1920-21, $81,306.18. The State board for vocational education is authorized to expend as much of the State funds as may be necessary for administration and supervision.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

A State supervisor of agriculture was employed to devote his full time to the promotion of vocational agricultural instruction. Twentytwo schools, an increase of approximately 57 per cent, were approved for Federal aid. There were 328 boys enrolled for vocational work in these schools, and each engaged in some form of directed or supervised practice in agriculture. The total income from the supervised practical work was $7,453.19. A bulletin on "The Teaching of Vocational Agriculture in Secondary Schools" was printed.

The State College of Agriculture and Engineering was designated by the State board to train agricultural teachers. Only one teacher at the college was reimbursed from Federal funds for teacher training. He gave three different courses and enrolled 19 students. There was distinct progress along all lines of vocational agricultural work in North Carolina during the year. The organization for permanent work, consisting of the director and supervisor of agriculture, was accomplished, the financial support was liberal, and a helpful cooperative spirit was shown by all educational, business, and social organizations. The coordination of the related agricultural work throughout the State has advanced beyond expectations.

The force of vocational workers in agriculture is being constantly strengthened by the addition of better qualified teachers, and better salaries are being paid. It is planned to place good teachers of Vocational agriculture in those counties not yet served just as fast as funds become available. Everything indicates that the vocational agricultural instruction in public schools of the State will exert a helpful influence in the development of the agriculture of the State along safe and profitable lines.

HOME-ECONOMICS EDUCATION.

State supervision was conducted from a teacher-training institution by a member of the faculty. In 1918-19 three vocational schools for home economics were approved. Two of these schools represent a type of farm-life school which North Carolina, a distinctly rural State, is developing and for which State aid is afforded. A more rapid development of the work may be expected with the employment of a full-time supervisor, made possible by the State appropriation now available. Two institutions for the training of teachers were approved; one, the North Carolina College for Women,

in Greensboro, for the training of white teachers of home economics, and the other, the Slater Normal and Industrial Institute, at Winston-Salem, for the training of colored teachers of home economics.

At Greensboro a practice house was opened last year in order to give the young women in training the opportunity of applying their instruction to conditions as closely approximating those of the home as possible. From this institution 10 girls graduated in June, 1919, 7 of whom are employed as home-economics teachers for 1919-20. A special course was maintained at the State college in the summer of 1919 for the improvement of the teachers of home economics in the State. Twelve young women took this course.

At the Slater Normal and Industrial Institute a new building was erected during the year in which the home-economics department is to be located under far more favorable conditions than heretofore. However, the epidemic of influenza was so severe and the war demands so great as to make it necessary to discontinue the training of teachers of home economics in this institution at the beginning of the spring term of 1919.

TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.

In the field of trade and industrial education the only classes organized have been in connection with textile subjects. These schools were conducted in five mill centers during periods of 12 weeks each, with an enrollment of 128 men. The State experienced great difficulty in retaining the service of full-time instructors, since they are absorbed into the commercial life of the mills at salaries in excess of what the board could offer. Plans for the coming year involved the employment of local instructors under the direction of a supervisor and itinerant teacher trainer. The North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering at Raleigh is designated to train instructors for trade and industrial subjects. No work has been inaugurated up to the present time.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

Membership of State board: R. A. Cooper, governor; J. E. Swearingen, State superintendent of education; J. N. Nathans, lawyer; W. J. McGarity, superintendent of schools; S. J. Derrick, college president; H. N. Snyder, college president; E. A. Montgomery, farmer; W. L. Brooker, superintendent of schools; S. H. Edmunds, superintendent of schools.

Executive officer: J. E. Swearingen, State superintendent of edu cation, Columbia.

State director for vocational education: None.

State supervisor for agricultural education: Verd Peterson. State supervisor for home-economics education: Edna F. Coith. State supervisor for trade and industrial education: Charles S Doggett.