leading up to it, resembling, in this respect, vided for our entertainment, after the hard * * The country about Dixan, at this season of the year, wore a scorched and desolate aspect. The only cattle left for the supply of the inhabitants were milch-goats and kids; large herds of which were brought in by the shepherds every evening, and folded near the skirts of the town, to protect them from the hyænas and other wild beasts which prowl about the neigh bourhood. * * * "March 5. Having parted from our Hazorta friends, we left Dixan at six o'clock in the morning, attended by the Baharnegash, and proceeded with recruited spirits on our journey. Our course lay westward; and in about an hour we reached the lofty hill on which stands the village of Hadehadid, where the women, as we passed, greeted us with the usual acclamation, heli, li, li, li, li, li, li, li, which resembles the ziroleet of the Syrians. We journeyed hence, nearly due south, across the plain of Zarai, which at this time looked very bare of verdure, the stream passing through it being completely dried up. The whole country, indeed, had the appearance of being scorched; and we did not meet with water until we had passed the high rock of Addicota. * * "March 8.-At five in the morning we descended from Legóte, and soon afterwards crossed an extensive and well-cultivated plain, to the left of which, as we proceeded southward, lay the mountain of Devre Damo, one of those distinguished fastnesses which, in the earliest periods of the Abyssinian history, served as a place of confinement for the younger branches of the family of the reigning Sovereign. The reader will easily conceive that my thoughts immediately recurred to the beautiful and instructive romance, founded on this custom, by Dr. Johnson. I feel I shall stand excused for observing, that the reflections which his interesting tale (Rasselas) gave rise to on this, as well as on many other occasions, added greatly, from a natural association of ideas, to the pleasure which I experienced in traversing the wild regions of Ethiopia. "The mountain of Devre Damo appears to be completely scalped on every side, and is very difficult of access, having only one path Here we conclude for the present, and shall resume our extracts with the description of an Abyssinian baptism, and the Shangalla slaves -a race of negroes of the Tacassé. AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY. • Resolved, That having the strongest confidence in the justice of God and the philanthropy of the free States, we cheerfully submit our destinies to the guidance of Him, who suffers not a sparrow to fall without his special providence." "NEWHAVEN, Aug. 8, 1831. At a meeting of the Peace and Benevolent Society of Afric-Americans, &c. Resolved, That we consider those Christians and philanthropists who are boasting of their liberty and equality, saying that all men are born free and equal, and yet are endeavouring to remove us from our native land, to be inhuman in their proceedings, defective in their principles, and unworthy of our confidence. Resolved, That we consider those colonizationists and ministers of the gospel who are advocating our transportation to an unknown clime, (notwithstanding God has made of one blood all because our skin is a little darker than theirs, nations of men, and has no respect of persons,) as violaters of the commandments of God, and the laws of the Bible, and as trying to blind our eyes by their blind movements-their mouths being smooth as oil, and their words sharper than any two-edged sword. Resolved, That while we have no doubt of the sinister motives of the great body of colonizationists, we believe some of them are our friends the subject; but when they make a careful exaand well-wishers, who have not looked deeply into mination, we think they will find themselves in error. the measures of this Society. It now remains "PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 1817. At a numerous meeting of the people of colour convened at Bethel Church, to take into consideration the propriety of remonstrating against the contemplated measure that is to exile us from the land of our nativity, &c. Whereas our ancestors (not of choice) were the first successful cultivators of the wilds of America, we their descendants feel ourselves entitled to participate in the blessings of her luxuriant soil, which their blood and sweat manured; and that any measure or system of measures, having a tendency to banish us from her bosom, would not only be cruel, but in direct violation of those principles which have been the boast of this republic. Resolved, That we view with deep abhorrence Resolved, That we never will separate our- that we can call our true and appropriate home, Resolved, That we know of no other place excepting these United States, into which our fathers were brought, who enriched the country by their toils, and fought, bled, and died in its defence, and left us in its possession-and here we will live and die."" "PITTSBURGH, Sept. 1831. At a large and respectable meeting of the coloured citizens of Pittsburgh, convened at the African-Methodist Episcopal Church. Resolved, That we hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.-Liberty and Equality now, Liberty and Equality for ever. Resolved, That it is the decided opinion of this meeting, that African colonization is a scheme to drain the better-informed part of the coloured people out of these United States, so that the chain of slavery may be riveted more tightly; but we are determined not to be cheated out of our rights by the colonization men, or any other set of intriguers. We believe there is no philanthropy in the colonization plan towards the people of colour; but that it is got up to delude us away from our country and home, to the burning shores of Africa. Resolved, That we, the coloured people of Pittsburgh, and citizens of these United States, view the country in which we live, as our only true and proper home. We are just as much natives here, as the members of the Colonization Society. Here we were born-here bred-here are our earliest and most pleasant associations-here is all that binds man to earth, and makes life valuable. And we do consider every coloured man, who allows himself to be colonized in Africa, or elsewhere, a traitor to our cause. zens, and as fully entitled to the free exercise of of citizens, and more than two millions held in Resolved, that we, as the citizens of these United States, and for the support of these resolutions, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, do mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honour, not to support a colony in Africa, nor in Upper Canada, nor yet emigrate to Hayti. Here we were born-here will we live by the help of the Almighty-and here we will die, and let our bones lie with our fathers."" "We pray the Lord to hasten the day, when prejudice, inferiority, degradation, and oppression shall be done away, and the kingdoms of this world become the kingdoms of our God and his Christ." That such a state of things should have From an address to the coloured citizens of arisen in the reputed land of freedom may Brooklyn, New York, issued in pursuance of a well grieve the benevolent and pious. We meeting of the coloured inhabitants of that regret it for the sake of America herself, but township, June 3, 1831, we extract the follow-much more on account of the interests of huing forcible and pathetic remonstrance :— "Brethren, it is time for us to awake to our infor the Colonization Society is straining every nerve for the accomplishment of its objects. By their last publications we see that they have invoked all Christian assemblies and churches throughout the Union, to exert their influence, by raising subscriptions, to send us (the strangers within their gates, as they call us) to the coast of Africa. They have got the consent of eleven States, who have instructed their senators to do terests; something in the next Congress for our removal. Maryland calls imperatively on the general government to send us away, or else they will colonize their own free blacks. They have, by their influence, stopped the emancipation of slaves in a measure, except for colonization purposes. "We owe a tribute of respect to the State of New York, for her not having entered into the confederacy. Though she is the last in proclaiming general emancipation to the slave, yet we find her slow in adopting any such unchristian measures. We may well say, she is deliberate in her councils, and determinate in her resolutions. Finally, Brethren, we are not strangers; neither do we come under the alien law. Our constitution does not call upon us to become naturalized; we are already American citizens; our fathers were among the first that peopled this country; their sweat and their tears have been the means, in a measure, of raising our country to its present standing. Many of them fought, and bled, and died for the gaining of her liberties; and shall we forsake their tombs, and flec to an unknown land? No! let us remain over them and weep, until the day arrives when Ethiopia shall stretch forth her hands to God. We were born and nurtured in this Christian land; and are surrounded by Christians, whose sacred creed is, to do unto all men as ye would they should do unto you to love our neighbours as ourselves; and which ex pressly declares, if we have respect to persons, respect, and always showed, by their conduct, that they considered themselves her servants. Deserted by those who had been her equals in station, and who had professed themselves her friends whilst she was in affluence, this good lady passed the remainder of her days in comfort and ease, amid those who had once been her dependents.-Recollections of the Mauritius, by a Lady. THE EVENING CLOUD. A CLOUD lay cradled near the setting sun, A gleam of crimson tinged its braided snow, O'er the soft radiance of the lake below. Emblem, methought, of the departed soul, WILSON. TO THE READERS OF "THE TOURIST." A MOST USEFUL INVENTION.--HAW- manity, which are so deeply involved. Surely, GRATITUDE IN A SLAVE. A LADY residing at the Mauritius, many years ago, emancipated a slave, whose good conduct and fidelity she wished to reward; being in affluent circumstances, she gave him, with his freedom, a sum of money which enabled him to establish himself in business; and, being very industrious and thrifty, he soon became rich enough to purchase a small estate in the country, whither he retired with his family. Years passed away; and, whilst he was rapidly accumulating money, his former mistress was sinking into poverty; misfortune had overtaken her, and she found herself, in old age, poor, solitary, neglected, and in want of the common necessaries of life. This man heard of her unhappy condition, and immediately came to the town and sought her out in her humble abode; with the utmost respect he expressed his concern at finding his honoured lady in so reduced a state, and implored her to come to his estate, and allow him the gratification of providing for her future comforts. 66 The lady was much affected at the feeling evinced by her old servant, but declined his offer; he could not, however, be prevailed on to relinquish his design. "My good mistress," said he, oblige me by accepting my services; you gave me freedom and money, with which, when you were rich you were kind to me; through God's blessing, I have been enabled to make myself comfortable in life, and now I only do my duty in asking you to share my prosperity when you are in need." His urgent "We feel it our duty ever to remain true to the entreaties at length prevailed, and the lady constitution of our country, and to protect it, as was conveyed, in his palanquin, to the comwe have always done, from foreign aggressions.fortable and well-furnished apartments asAlthough more than three hundred thousand of us signed to her by his grateful care; his wife are virtually deprived of the rights and immunities and daughters received her with the utmost PRESERVER, for the reception, and instantly binding For Convulsion Fits, Epileptic Fits. DR. HADLEY'S POWDERS, a safe and certain Cure for Inward Weakness, Convulsion Fits, Epileptic Fits, Hysteries, and Nervous Complaints. These Powders possess extraordinary properties, and, by certain cure in all cases of Relaxation, Debility, and due perseverance in their application, effect a safe and Weakness in Children and Adults; give immediate relief to the suffering Infant, or Grown Persons afflicted with Convulsion Fits; also in cases of Epilepsy, or Falling Fits. In Lassitude and Nervous Debility, Hysterics, and Spasmodic Complaints, these Powders present a grand restorative; also extirpate Fits which Females are subject to during Pregnancy. They strengthen the stomach, increase the appetite, promote digestion, and, finally, invigorate the whole frame, without continement, change of dict, or hindrance of business. From Lord Viscount Amiens. Sir, I feel I should be doing you the greatest injustice, and also to the public generally, were I to withhold from you my testimony in favour of your inestimable medicine, Dr. Hadley's Powders, which, under Providence, has been the means of restoring my infant child under sircumstances the most unparalleled, having the first medical advice, and no more effect than momentary relief. The infant daily declining, insomuch that the bones were nearly through the skin, in this wretched situation I administered daily your powders, and no other medicine; and, to the astonishment even of my medical friends, it had the bap piest result in restoring my infant to perfect heater (by previous appointment) in person. shall be most happy to satisfy any respectable inquirer Your much obliged and most obedient servant, Garden. Packages at 23. 9d. and 4s. 6d. per packet, or in sole Proprietors, A. ROWLAND and SON, 20, Hatton Sold, by appointment, by Mr. Sanger, Medicine Ware Printed by J. HADDON and Co.; and Published by J. CRISP, at No. 27, Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row, where all Advertisements and Communications for the Editor are to be addressed. arrows. manship, are visible demonstrations of At the ON COACHES. there were two stools, or seats, opposite the IN the great old coaches of former times doors, on which persons sat back to back, looking out at the side windows, as we still see the Chaplain and the Speaker of the House of Commons when he uses his state-coach. Mr. Speaker's coach, however, cumbrous as it is, gives an inadequate idea of the vast machines of former days, which were rather closets on wheels than what we would call coaches. When Henry IV. was stabbed, there were seven persons in the coach with him, and yet nobody saw the blow; and the murderer might, if he pleased, have escaped. And when Louis XIV. declared his grandson King of Spain, he took him the first stage in his own coach, which held with great convenience the whole Simon, "and the Duchess of Burgundy, sat royal family. "The two kings," says St. on one side; the Dauphin and the Dukes of Burgundy and Berry opposite; and the Duke and Duchess of Orleans at the two doors.” A most illustrious coachful! Even down to our own time the King of France maintained this cumbrous parade. On the horrible 6th of October, 1789, when the populace dragged their humiliated king to Paris from Versailles, there were in his majesty's coach the King, the Queen, the Dauphin, the Duchess of Angouleme, the present tower, on the front of which appears a The number of individuals who perish an nually in this manner is very great; especially tree. After the animal has struggled for a considerable time, they attack it with lances. Affecting examples are related of the intrepidity of African slaves in attempting to rescue The cradle of the unhappy prince is their masters from the jaws of these voracious still preserved, and is now in the posses- of Calabogo, a negro, attracted by the cries of reptiles. Not many years ago, in the Llanos sion of a gentleman, to whom it descend- his owner, armed himself with a long knife, ed from one of his ancestors, who attended and, plunging into the river, forced the animal, the child in his infancy, and to whom it by scooping out its eyes, to leave its prey, and became an honorary perquisite. A draw- take to flight. The natives, being daily exing of it is published in the London Ma-posed to similar dangers, think little of them. gazine for 1774, together with the fol- They observe the manners of the crocodile, as lowing description:-"This singular piece the Torero studies those of the bull; and is made of heart of oak, whose simplicity its means of attack, and the degree of its auquietly calculate the motions of the enemy, of construction, and rudeness of work-dacity.-Cabinet Library, Humboldt's Travels. King (then Monsieur), his wife, Madame Elizabeth, and Madame de Tourzel. There was tinguished it from, I believe, any other which one circumstance in this procession which disever existed. It was preceded by two men, bearing on pikes the heads of two of the king's his palace; and, with a refinement of sanbody-guards, that very morning murdered in guinary levity, the procession was stopped while a hair-dresser curled and powdered the hair of the ghastly heads. When Queen Elizabeth went to St. Paul's to return thanks for the defeat of the Armada, she did come in a chariot-throne, with four whereof was a crown imperial, and two lower pillars behind to bear a canopie, on the top pillars before, whereon stood a lion and a dragon, supporters of the arms of England, drawn by two white horses." the latter end of the queen's reign, and she in her old age used, reluctantly, such an effeminate conveyance. They were at first drawn only by two horses; "but,” says Urban, "the rest crept in by degrees, as men at first venture to sea." Coaches were introduced into England in ventured on six horses, which created at the The Duke of Buckingham was the first who time great scandal, and was looked upon as a mark of the "mastering spirit" of the favour ite. "The stout old earl of Northumberland," who had been in the Tower ever since the gunpowder-plot, "when he got loose, thought, if Buckingham had six, he might have eight in his coach, with which he rode through the city of London, to the vulgar talk and admi ration." the first importers of chairs, called sedan-chairs, and his being carried on men's shoulders gave Buckingham also seems to have been one of rise to great clamour and loathing against him, as having reduced men to the condition of beasts. In a few years afterwards they came into general use, like hackney-coaches. -Note in Marshal de Bassempierre's Embassy to the Court of England. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TOURIST. Negroes which belong to whites and people of colour residing in the towns, are usually hired out in gangs to work on the plantations for wages. Their owners only allow them a trifle from these wages for their support, and retain the remainder for their own use. Many of these slaves are instructed in the mechanical arts, that their wages may produce a greater surplus, to which, by law, the master is entitled. People who thus hire out their negroes are denominated jobbers; they are generally tradesmen, who, having acquired money sufficient to purchase a few slaves, retire from business, and live on the hard-earned savings of these poor creatures. against the prisoner, and the chief justice sen- | his condition by asserting his right to enfrantenced him to six months' imprisonment, with-chisement. SIR,-Having resided in Jamaica during the out bail or mainprise, and the slave was de- The parishes of Jamaica are equal in extent years 1818 and 1819, I beg to offer the follow-clared "free, and discharged from all manner to the average size of the Scotch counties. ing remarks by way of postscript to Mr. C. of servitude." By this mode of stating the Almost the whole of the churches are placed Johnston's "Disjoined Facts," relative to that case to the public, it would appear that mark- on the coast, and consequently the greater island, in your fourth monthly number. There ing the initials of the names of the owner and number of the plantations are at too great a are two classes of slaves in Jamaica-one be- estate on the skin of the negro was the more distance to admit of attendance at church, even longing to the proprietors of plantations, and flagrant portion of the charge against the pri- if the overseers encouraged an observance of the other belonging to whites and free people soner. But let me inform them that marking, the Sabbath; and how could one or two of colour residing in the towns. The planta- or, to speak more literally, branding the bodies churches accommodate from 16,000 to 20,000 tion slaves receive about seven salt herrings of the poor negroes, was an universal practice people, the average population of each parish?weekly from their masters. The grounds al- when I was in Jamaica. I now hold in my so that the Christian ordinances are altogether lotted them for the cultivation of vegetables hand the supplement to the Cornwall Gazette unknown to the plantation slave. The planters only supply a variety of indigestible roots, and of Jamaica for October 14th, of the year in make a great noise about the money which the plantain fruit, which is usually roasted in which the above trial occurred. In this sup- may be made by the negro by attending market an unripe state, not being a fit article of diet plement one hundred and fifty-four runaway on Sundays; but in crop-season he is not unwhen at maturity. Unless in crop season, slaves are advertised as prisoners in various frequently employed in the boiling-house on that is, during the manufacture of the sugar, workhouses, and almost every one of them has the Sabbath, and, from what I have said, it is when the slaves have an opportunity of pro- been branded or burned with a hot metal evident the market towns are at too great a curing syrup from the boiling-house, they are stamp on various parts of their bodies, &c. distance for the majority of them to attend for very generally afflicted with a cachexy, re- The first individual on the list is described as any purpose, either spiritual or temporal. Nor sulting from a want of sufficient nourishment, Frances, a Creole (i. e., colonial born) female, is the slave recognized by law as the possessor over exertion, oppressive treatment, and other who has been branded on both shoulders and of any property, nor has he any protection debilitating causes. The juices of the stomach both breasts. These, prisoners who have all against the rapacity of his master. become vitiated, its functions impaired, and a fled from their tyrannical task-masters, if not morbid acidity is generated, which induces the claimed within a certain period, are sold to victim of this malady to eat chalk, earth, or defray expenses; and upwards of twenty are any absorbent substance, which nature may advertised accordingly in the above mentioned suggest as a remedy for his sufferings. The list, one of which number declares that a white disease, in the common language of the colony, man has deprived her of her ticket of freedom. is called "dirt-eating." Each plantation has The remaining column of the supplement is its hospital or hot-house, and against the wall occupied with a list of strayed horses and of one of the apartments is erected a bench, at cattle, also branded in like manner. In this an elevation of three or four feet from the cold respect, then, the temporal position of the clay floor; and projecting, perhaps, about six slave is nothing better than that of the beasts feet along the outer edge of this bench, is that perish. Nay, it is even worse; a mule fixed an iron bar, to which the poor cachectics or horse is not killed for kicking his master; are secured by iron anklets, their bloated bo- but if a slave raise his hand against any white dies reclining on the bare boards. This the man his punishment by law is death. I have planter pretends is done with the humane in- already stated that floggings are limited to tention of preventing them from gratifying their thirty-nine stripes, but there is no security cravings. Many slaves die annually from this against the too frequent repetition of the chasdisease, and many become victims of despond- tisement. The opinion of the medical attendency while under its influence, and put a ant of the estate is never consulted on the period to their miseries by suicide. subject, nor is any competent judge required to attend the infliction of punishment. We are told by the planters that the use of chains has been abolished throughout the colonies; but have they not substituted the stocks? and would not the punishment be less severe if the prisoner could move about to the extent of a chain, than when his legs are secured to an immoveable bar of iron, or beam of timber, denominated the stocks? They also tell us that the negro is by law allowed twenty-six days of the year to cultivate his provision grounds, exclusive of the Sabbath. I have already noticed that the negro depends on the supplies of his master, as well as his own exertion, for his sustenance. If the proprietor is too avaricious to be willing, or too poor to be able, to import a sufficient supply of salt herrings to eke out the scanty produce of the slave-garden, what must be the situation of the hard-working negro, more especially if sickness has disabled him from cultivating his ground? Are the slaves educated, or provided with the means of attending to religious duties? A plantation slave neither receives school A CURIOUS catalogue might be made of the learning nor religious instruction; he is not shifts to which ingenious students in different taught a sense of good and evil, the necessity departments of art have resorted, when, like of obedience and gratitude to God, or the hope Davy, they have wanted the proper instruof eternal life. Some schools have been estab- ments for carrying on their inquiries or expelished by subscription for the education of free riments. His is not the first case in which people of colour, but the slave is wilfully kept the stores of an apothecary's shop are recorded in a state of total ignorance. The planters are to have fed the enthusiasm, and materially aware that knowledge would lead him to ap-assisted the labours, of the young cultivator of preciate liberty, to a due sense of his abject natural science. The German chemist, Scheele, and debased state, and a desire to ameliorate who has just been mentioned, and whose name The master's power of inflicting punishment on the slave is now limited, by law, to thirty-nine stripes; but there is no protection against an inconsiderate repetition of the punishment either by him or his tyrannical subordinates. The slave who dares to complain to the attorney, on facts, of the cruelty of the overseer or manager of the estate, does it at the risk of an additional flogging; and how can the complaint reach the ear of an impartial magistrate through this channel, as they are all interested in supporting the diabolical system of oppression? The slave has never been acknowledged as a party in any civil suit or prosecution. It is only by indictment on the part of the crown that he is relieved from his civil incapacities. I never knew of redress for cruelty to a slave, unless in one instance, which occurred in January, 1818. Joseph Boyden was tried under the slave act for cruelly, maliciously, and wantonly maltreating, by flogging and marking in different parts of the body, a Sambo slave, named Amey, his property, jointly with others. The Jamaica Royal Gazette stated that Amey had committed some transgression, which induced her to apply to a neighbour to intercede with her master for forgiveness, which he agreed to grant, but she was afterwards marked in five places with the initials of his name, and that of the property he owned. In consequence of conduct so contrary to every principle of humanity, she left her home, &c. The jury, after due deliberation, returned a verdict of guilty The overseers are a class of men drawn from the lower and uneducated orders of their native country. Their society cannot afford pleasure or comfort to individuals of a higher grade; they are too prone to cultivate depraved and convivial association for the gratification of their intemperate habits. These inebriates indulge in bacchanal potations of the coarsest description-equal parts of lime juice and rum, &c. &c.—and one and all of them keep a number of their female slaves about their houses in a state of concubinage. Men accus- Facies non omnibus una NECESSITY AND INVENTION. |