995

HAS

Hengist, traditional leader of the Jutes, 27
Henrietta Maria, Queen, negotiations
for the marriage of, 500; marries
Charles I., 502; a papal agent at the
Court of, 521; carries abroad the
crown jewels, 536; urges Charles not
to abandon the militia, 552

Henry I. receives no land at his father's
death, 114; his wars with his brothers,
119; accession and marriage of, 122:
puts down insurrections, 124; conquers
Normandy, 125; his dispute with
Anselm, ib.; judicial reforms of, 127;
makes war in Normandy, 129; loses
his only son, 130; death of, 131
Henry II., early career of, 136; marries

Eleanor, 137; character of, 138; ad-
vances Thomas of London, 140; ad-
ministrative system of, 140-142; ap
points Thomas archbishop,and quarrels
with him, 143; draws up the Consti-
tutions of Clarendon, 144; persecutes
Thomas, 145; issues the Assize of
Clarendon, 146; renews the itinerant
justices, and inquires into the conduct
of the sheriffs, 148; has young Henry
crowned, 149; uses strong language
against Thomas, 150; goes to Ireland,
151; renounces the Constitutions of
Clarendon, 153: does penance, 154;
issues the Assize of Arms, ib.; his
domestic troubles, 155; takes the cross
and dies, 157; his weakness on the
Continent and strength in England,
158; literary vigour under, 167
Henry II., king of France, allied with
Scotland, 413; his attitude towards
Elizabeth, 432; death of, 433

HEN

Henry III., minority of, 185; favours
Poitevins under the influence of Peter
des Roches, 187; marries Eleanor of
Provence and favours Provençals, 192:
frequently renews the Great Charter,
192; quarrels with Simon de Mont-
fort, 193; surrenders Poitou, 194; is
opposed by Parliament, 195; hopes to
make his second son King of Sicily,
196; misgovernment of, 197; consents
to the Provisions of Oxford, 198;
recovers power, 200 taken prisoner
at Lewes, 201; last years of, 204;
progress of the country in the reign of,

206

Henry III., king of France, proposes,
as Duke of Anjou, to marry Elizabeth,

443; accession of, 450; murder of, 464
Henry IV. (see Derby, Earl of) claims the
throne, 286; meets with difficulties,
289; leans on the Church, 291; rebel-
lion of the Percies against, 293; keeps
James I. as a hostage, 295; suppresses
a rebellion in the North, 296; quarrels
with the Prince of Wales, 298; death
of, 299.

Henry IV., king of France, his succes-
sion to the French crown disputed,
456; overpowers the League, 464
Henry IV., Emperor, resists Gregory
VII., 108

Henry V., career of, as Prince of Wales,
297-299; domestic policy of, 299;
claims the crown of France, 300;
defeats the French at Agincourt, 302;
conquers Normandy, 303; forms an
alliance with the Duke of Burgundy,
and is declared heir to the French
throne, 306; marriage and death of,
ib.

Henry V, Emperor, marries Matilda,
131

Henry VI., accession of, 307; crowned
at Westminster and Paris, 312; mar-
riage of, 317; supports Somerset, 323;
insanity of, ib.; recovery and renewed
insanity of, 324; second recovery of,
ib.; attempts to reconcile the parties,
325; declared a traitor by Edward
IV., 329; restoration of, 333; murder
of, 334

Henry VI., Emperor, his relations with
Richard 1., 161, 162

Henry VII., as Earl of Richmond,
genealogy of, 334; invades England,
343; defeats Richard III. and be
comes king, ib.; supported by the
middle classes, 345; suppresses Lord
Lovel's rising, 346; his relations with
Brittany and France, 348; assailed by
Perkin Warbeck, 350; sends Poynings
to Ireland, 352; restores Kildare to
the Deputyship, 352; secures Warbeck,
ib.; effects an alliance with Scotland,
356; encourages maritime enterprise,
356; fills his treasury, 357; his alliance
with the Archduke Philip, 358; last
years and death of, 358

996

HEN

Henry VIII., character of, 361; marries
Catharine of Aragon, 363; foreign
policy of, ib.; promotes Wolsey, ib.;
favours More, 368; meets Francis I.
on the Field of the Cloth of Gold,
369 has Buckingham executed, ib.;
invades France, 371; his views on his
relations with the Church, 377: is
named Defender of the Faith, 379;
thinks of obtaining a divorce, ib.;
urges Clement VII. to divorce him,
382; demands a sentence of nullity,
383; makes a victim of Wolsey, ib.;
gains the support of the House of
Commons, 385: consults the uni-
versities, and charges the clergy with
being under a præmunire, ib.; obtains
from Convocation the title of Supreme
Head, 386; has no tenderness towards
heresy, 388; obtains the Act of An-
nates, ib.; marries Anne Boleyn, and
is divorced, 389; attempts to suppress
heresy, and obtains fresh powers from
Parliament, 390: sends More and
Fisher to the Tower, 392; Act of
Supremacy in favour of, 393; dissolves
the smaller monasteries, 394; marries
Jane Seymour, 395; issues the ten
articles, and authorises the translation
of the Bible, 396; deals hardly with the
Pilgrimage of Grace, 397; begins the
confiscation of the greater monasteries,
ib.; attacks relics and images, 398;
presides at Lambert's trial, 399;

obtains from Parliament the SIX
articles, 399; marries and divorces
Anne of Cleves, 400-401; marries and
beheads Catherine Howard, 401;
marries Catherine Parr, ib.; his
government of Ireland, 401-404; takes
Boulogne, 405; makes war with
Scotland, 406; debases the coinage,
409; death of, 411

Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester,
131; declares against Stephen, 134
Henry of Trastamara, 255

Henry, Prince of Wales, son of James
I., intention of the Gunpowder plotters
to blow up, 483; death of, 488
Henry, son of Henry II., coronation of,
149; rebellion of, 153; death of, 156
Henry the Fowler, his mode of warfare,

79

Hereford, besieged by the Scots, 549
Hereford, Duke of, see Derby, Earl of
Hereford, Earl of, see Bohun, Hum-
frey

Heresy held to be punishable by the
Common Law, 419

Heretics, Statute for burning, 292
Hereward, rising of, 103

Herrings, battle of the, 309

Hertford, Earl of, see Somerset, Edward
Seymour, Duke of

Hexham, battle of, 331

High Commission, the, Court of, erection
of, 470; its activity in the reign of
Charles I., 520; abolition of, 531

535

Holmby House, Charles I. at, 5532
Charles I., removed from, 555
Holmes, Admiral, attacks the Dutch
fleet, 605

Holy Alliance, the so-called, 883
Holy League, the, 363

Homildon Hill, battle of, 293

Honorius III., Pope, protects Henry
III., 185

Hooker, his Ecclesiastical Polity, 472
Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, refuses
to wear vestments, 417; receives the
bishopric of Worcester, 418; speaks
of his dioceses as the king's, 420;
burnt, 424

Hopton, Sir Ralph, commands the
Royalists in Cornwall, 537,

518:
fights on Lansdown, 538; takes and
loses Arundel Castle, 542; is defeated
at Cheriton, ib.

Horne Tooke, Hardy, and Thelwall,
acquittal of, 829

Horsa, a traditional leader of the Jutes,

27

Horses used to carry warriors to battle,

75

Horsley, Bishop, saying of, 830

Hotham, Sir John, shuts the gates of
Hull against Charles I., 537

Hough, chosen President of Magdalen
College, 641

Houghton, prior of the Charterhouse,
execution of, 394

Hounslow, James II. reviews regiments
at, 643
House-carls, 83, 93

Howard of Effingham, Charles Howard,
Lord, commands the fleet against the
Armada, 460; takes part in the capture
of Cadiz, 464

Howard of Escrick, Edward Howard,
Lord, informs against the Whigs, 625
Howe, Lord, defeats the French fleet
on the first of June, 828; persuades
the mutineers at Spithead to return
to their duty, 836

Howe, Sir William, commands the
British army in America, and occupies
New York, 784

Hrolf, Duke of the Normans, so

997

HUB

Hubert de Burgh holds Dover Castle,
185; administration of, 186-188
Hubert Walter, administration of, 163;
death of, 177

territory assigned to

Hubertsburg, peace of, 767
Hudibras, 597
Hudson's Bay
England, 696
Hugh Capet, 80

Hugh of Lusignan rises against John, 174
Hugh the Great, Duke of the French, 63
Huguenots, the, supported by Elizabeth,

436 Buckingham lends ships to fight
against, 504

Hull, its gates shut against Charles I.,
537; besieged by Newcastle, 542
Humble Petition and Advice, the, 573
Hundred Days, the, 874

Hundred Years' War, the, 234
Hundred-moot, the, organisation of, 31;
judicial functions of, 32; gradual
decay of, 72

Hundreds, early political organisation of
the, 31

Hunt, Orator,' attempt to arrest, 879
Huntingdon, David I. holds the earldom
of, 132

Huntley, George Gordon, fourth Earl
of, overpowered by Mary, 437
Hurst Castle, Charles I. ímprisoned in,

IBERIANS, the, 5

Ibrahim Pasha, desolates Pelopon-

nesus, 884; gains victories over the
Turks, 921

Iceni, the geographical position of, 8;
take part with the Romans, 13;
roused to insurrection by Boadicea, 15
Ictis, probably identified with Thanet, 8
Ida becomes king of Bernicia, 36
Idle, the, Eadwine's victory on, 43
Images, destruction of, 398
Impeachment of Latimer and Lyons,

262; of Suffolk, 322; of Bacon, 496; of
Buckingham, Montague, and Manwar-
ing, 511; of Strafford, 530; of twelve
bishops, 535 of the five members,
536; of Laud, 546; of Danby, 616;
pardon not to be pleaded in bar of, 617
Impositions, the New, first levy of, 484;
question of the legality of, 505; act
preventing the king from levying, 531
Inclosures, growth of, 320; More's attack
on, 368; Ket's rebellion directed
against, 416; cessation of complaints
against, 464

IRE

Income-tax, imposed by Pitt, 840; re-
moved, 876; imposed by Peel, 926
Independents, the, originally known as
Separatists, 543; driven from the
House, and reinstated by the army,
555; are unpopular after the Re-
storation, 584

India, break-up of the empire of the
Great Mogul and first settlements of
the East India Company in, 758;
condition of, after the death of Au-
rungzebe, 759; influence of the French
in the south of, 760; struggle between
Clive and Dupleix in, 761; the subjuga-
tion of Bengal in, 762; struggle with
Lally in, 764; Clive's return to sup-
press extortion in, 8o1; Hastings
assists the Nawab of Oude to subdue
the Rohillas in, 802; the Regulating
Act alters the government of, ib.;
Pitt's Bill for the government of, 808;
defeat of Tippoo in, 837; overthrow of
Tippoo in, 838; Wellesley's policy of
subsidiary treaties in, 859; the Mar-
quis of Hastings in, 948; the north-
western frontier of, ib.; Afghanistan
invaded from, 949; conquest of Sindh
in, 950; the ikh wars in, 951; Dal-
housie's annexations in, ib.; the Se-
poy army in, 952; mutiny of the Sepoy
army in, 953; end of the authority of
the East India Company in, 953; the
Queen's proclamation to the princes
and people of, 954

India Bill, the, of rox and Burke, 806;
of Pitt, 808

Ine, his rule in Wessex, 53

Infanta, the, see Maria, the Infanta
Inkerman, battle of, 946
Innocent III., Pope, influences the elec

tion of Stephen Langton, 177; puts
England under an interdict, and re-
duces John to submission, 178-180;
declares against the barons, 181-184;
establishes the Friars, 190

Innocent IV. becomes Pope, 195; wins
over Henry III., 196

Inquisition of the Sheriffs, the, 148
Instrument of Government, the, 568
Intercursus Magnus, the, 351
Interdict, England under, 178
Inverlochy, battle of, 547
Investiture, William I. claims the right
of granting, 108; Anselm's position
with regard to, 125; compromise on,

126

Iona, missionaries sent forth from, 47
Ipswich, Wolsey's college at, founced,

377; sold by Henry VIII., 383.
Ireland, ancient language of, 7; Druids
in, 10; Christianity introduced into, 47;
state of civilisation in, 151; partially
conquered by Henry II., 152; results
of the conquest of, 264; weakness of
the English colony in, 265; under Lan-
caster and York, 346; under Henry
VII., 350, 351: under Henry VIII.,
401; legislation of Henry VIII. in, 402;

IRE

destruction of relics and images in, ib. ;
conquest of a great part of, 404; Henry
VIII. named king of, ib.: under
Edward VI. and Mary, 451; intro-
duction of English colonists into, 452:
landing of Sir James Fitzmaurice in,
ib.; the slaughter at Smerwick, and
the Desmond rising in, 453; O'Neill's
rising in, 475: Essex's invasion of, ib.;
Mountjoy's conquest of, 478; planta-
tion of Ulster in, 484; Wentworth s
government of, 527, 528; army col-
lected by Strafford in, 529; insurrec
tion in, 533; massacre in, 534; the
confederate Catholics in, 541; Gla-
morgan's mission to, 549; Rinuccini
in, 550; soldiers asked to volunteer
for, 553; Cromwell in, 562; Ireton
and Ludlow in, 567; act of settlement
in, 595 James II. supported by the
Celtic population of, 640; struggle
between James II. and William III.
in, 654; penal laws in, 686; destruction
of the commerce of, ib.; restrictions on
commerce in, ib.; volunteers in, 796;
legislative independence conceded to,
ib.; Pitt's scheme for a commercial
union with, 810; defective constitu-
tional arrangements in, 831; rise of the
United Irishmen in, 832; votes given to
the Catholics of, ib.; mission of Lord
Fitzwilliam to, ib.; revolutionary out-
break impending in, 833; Hoche at-
tempts to invade, 834; outrages in,
840; rebellion in, 841; parliamentary
union with, 842; struggle for Catholic
emancipation in, 895; policy of Lord
Grey's government towards, ç09:
Thomas Drummond's management of,
916; failure of O'Connell's repeal
movement in, 928; Peel's legislation
for, ib.; famine in, 931; Peel's bill for
the protection of life in, ib.; public
works in, 932: emigration from, 933;
relation between landlord and tenant
in, ib.; Encumbered Estates Act in,
934; Smith O'Brien's attempted rising
in, 935; Fenian rising in, 962; dis-
establishment of the Protestant Church
of, ib.; Land Act of the first Gladstone
ministry in, 963; rejection of a bill on
university education in, 966; demand
of Home-Rule for, 970; Land Act of
the second Gladstone ministry in, ib.;
bill for the protection of life and pro-
perty in, ib.; murders by the Invin-
cibles in, ib.

Ireland, Duke of (see Oxford, Earl of),

supports Richard II., 279; is con-
demned to death, but escapes, 280
Ireton draws up The Heads of the Pro-
posals, 555; in Ireland, 563
Irish grants of William III. attacked by
the House of Commons, 670
Irish Parliament, the, summoned by
James II., 655; represents, under
William III., only the English colony,
657: passes a bill for the relief of

JAM

Catholics, 795; legislative independ-
ence granted to, 796; sources of the
weakness of, ib.

Isabella of Angoulême marries John,

174

Isabella of Bavaria, Queen of France,
takes part against her son, 306

Isabella of France marries Edward II.,
225; obtains the deposition of her
husband,
229; gives power to
Mortimer, 231; is placed in seclusion,

232
Isca Silurum, Roman colony of, 14;
martyrdom of Aaron at, 23

Isle of Wight, Jutish settlements in, 28;
plundered by the French, 234

Italy, the French wars in, 363; the
French driven from, 364

Italy, Charles Albert fails to drive the
Austrians out of, 934, 936; war for
the liberation of, 956: formation of
the kingdom of, 957; Venetia ceded
to, 963; Rome united to, 964
Itinerant justices under Henry I., 127;
under Henry II., 148

JACOBITES, the, their action in the last
months of Anne's reign, 699; attempt
a rising against George I., 705; form
part of the opposition against Walpole,
722

Jacquerie, the, 252

Jacqueline of Hainault, marriage of, 308
Jamaica, conquest of, 572

James I., king of Great Britain (see
James VI., king of Scotland), becomes
king of England, 481; imprisons
Raleigh, ib.; attacks the Puritans at
Hampton Court, 482; quarrels with
his first House of Commons, ib.;
obtains a legal decision in the case of
the Post-nati, 483; his government
of Ireland, 484; his financial diffi-
culties, ib. makes Somerset his
favourite, 486; offers to bargain with
the Addled Parliament, 487; negoti.
ates a Spanish marriage for his son,
488 makes Buckingham a favourite,
ib.; sends Raleigh to execution, 489:
watches the development of the Thirty
Years' War, and summons Parliament
to vote supplies, 490; his views on
the prerogative, 492; sells peerages,
494 improvement of the finances of,
ib.; revokes monopolies, 495; sends
Digby to Germany and dissolves
Parliament, 496; raises a benevolence,
497; his last Parliament, 500; seeks
to marry his son to a French princess,
501; death of, ib.

James I., king of Scotland, kept in
custody by Henry IV., 295; liberation

of, 307

James II., as Duke of York, declares
himself a Roman Catholic, 600; his
conversion known, 607; resigns the
Admiralty, ib.; marriages of, 608;

JAM

attempt to exclude from the throne,
617; his cruelty to the Scottish cove-
nanters, 620; is present at his brother's
death, 627 accession of, 634; first
acts of the reign of, 635; marches
against Monmouth, 637; violates the
Test Act and prorogues Parliament,
638; claims the dispensing power and
establishes an ecclesiastical commis-
sion, 639; his government of Scotland
and Ireland, 640; issues a declaration
of indulgence, ib.; expels the Fellows
of Magdalen and tries to pack a Par-
liament, 641; issues a second declara-
tion of indulgence, 642; hears of the
acquittal of the seven Bishops, 643;
birth of a son of, 644; makes con-
cessions on hearing of William's
approach, ib.; attempts to escape,
645; embarks for France, 646; alleged
virtual abdication of, ib.; lands in Ire-
land, 654; is defeated at the Boyne,
and takes refuge in France, 656; death
of, 675

James IV., king of Scotland, invades
England, 352; marries the daughter of
Henry VII., 356; killed at Flodden,
364

James V., king of Scotland, policy of,
404 death of, 405

James VI., king of Scotland, birth and
accession of, 439; assisted by Eliza
beth, 450; becomes the tool of Lennox,
454; is captured by Protestant lords,
455; becomes king of England, 481;
see James I., king of Great Britain
James (the Old Pretender), birth of, 644
Jane Seymour marries Henry VIII.,
395; death of, 397

Jaureguy tries to murder William of
Orange, 454

Jeffreys enforces the surrender of char-

ters, 625; sends Baxter to prison, 635 :
is made Chief Justice, ib.; conducts
the Bloody Assizes, 637; becomes
Chancellor, 638
Jena, battle of, 857
Jenkins's Ear, 729

Jerusalem captured by the Crusaders,

121; captured by Saladin, 157;
Richard I. refuses to look at, 161
Jervis, Sir John, commands at the battle
of St. Vincent, 835

Jesuits, the, origin of, 436; land in
England, 453; Act of Parliament
against, 456

Jews, the, encouraged by William II.,
115; protected by Henry I., 128;
massacre of, 160; persecuted by John,
179; banished by Edward I., 212
Jews' House, the so-called, 170
John, king of England, his misconduct in
Ireland, 156; leads the opposition to
William of Longchamps, 161; joins
Philip II. against Richard, 162; ac-
cession of, 173; loses Normandy and
Anjou, 174; appoints an Archbishop
of Canterbury, 177; quarrels with the

Junius' Letters, probable authorship
of, 775

Junto, the Whig, formation of, 659;
break-up of, 669

Jury of presentment, 147

Jury system, the, germ of, 147; com.
pleted, 321

Justices of the peace, the, origin of, 277
Justiciar, institution of the office of, 116;

his position under Henry I., 127
Jutes, probably ravage Roman Britain,
24; subdue Kent, 27; settle in the
Isle of Wight and the mainland oppo-
site, 28

KEBLE, his Christian Year, 940
Kemp, Bishop of London, becomes Lord
Chancellor, 309

Kenilworth, Earl, Simon's castle at, 199
Kenneth, king of the Scots, receives
Lothian from Eadgar, 68

Kenneth MacAlpin unites the Scots and
Picts, 63

Kenmure, Lord, beheaded, 705,

Kent, foundation of the Jutish kingdom
of, 27; its inhabitants driven back by
the West Saxons, 35; Gaulish traders
in, 38; accepts Christianity, 39; is
kept by Lawrence from relapsing, 41;
comparative weakness of, ib.; rising
in, suppressed by Fairfax, 557
Kent, Earl of (brother of Edward II.),
execution of, 231

Kentish Petition, the, 675
Keroualle, Louise de, see Portsmouth,
Duchess of

Ket's rebellion, 415
Kildare, Earl of, supports the Yorkists,
347; supports Lambert Simnel, ib. ; is
deprived of the Deputyship for sup