ANN

Anne of Beaujeu, policy of, 348
Anne of Bohemia marries Richard II., 278
Anne of Brittany is married to
Maximilian by proxy, 349; married to
Charles VIII., 349.

Anne of Cleves married to Henry VIII.,
400; divorce of, 401

Annual Parliaments advocated by the
Duke of Richmond, 789, 792
Anselm acknowledges Alfheah to be a
martyr, 82; character of, 117; be-
comes Archbishop of Canterbury, 118;
quarrels with William II., .; his
relations with Henry I., 125
Anson, Admiral, sails round the world,
730

Anti-Corn-Law League, the, foundation
of, 924; spread of, 932
Antoninus Pius, wall of, 17
Antwerp attacked by Alençon, 455:
taken by Parma, 456

Appeals, Act of, 389; provision for the
hearing of, 391

Appellant, the Lords, 279
Appropriation clause, the, proposed,
910; dropped, 914

Aquæ Sulis (Bath) subdued of the West
Saxons, 35

Aquitaine, Duchy of, passes to Henry
II. by his marriage, 137; is given to
Richard, 155; divided in language
and character from the North of
France, 176; intrigues of Philip IV.
in, 218; efforts of Philip VI. to gain,
234: ceded to Edward III., 253;
the Black Prince made Duke of, 254;
resistance to the Black Prince in, 256;
almost wholly lost, 257; complete loss
of, 320

Arabi, insurrection of, 971
Archers employed at Senlac, 96: armed
with the long bow at Falkirk, 221:
improperly employed at Bannockburn,
226; effect of, at Halidon Hill, 234;
drawn from the yeomen, 236; win the
battle of Crecy, 242; are successful at
Poitiers, 251

Architecture before the Conquest, 51:
Norman, 89; under the Angevins,
170; Early English style of, 207:
Decorated and Perpendicular styles of,
247; later development of, 358; Eliza-
bethan, 465; Stuart, 631, 632; in the
reign of Anne, 701
Arcot, siege of, 761
Areopagitica, 546
Argaum, battle of, 859

Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Earl of,
execution of, 636

Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Marquis of,
opposed to Montrose, 547; execution
of, 595

Argyle, Duke of, commands against
Mar's rising, 705

Arkwright improves the spinning.
machine, 815

Arles, Council of, 23

Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of, secr

ASS

975

tary to Charles II., 599; intrigues
against Clifford, 607

Armada, the Invincible, sailing of, 458;
destruction of, 462

Armagnac, the Count of, establishes a
reign of terror, 303; murder of, 304
Armagnacs, party of the, oppose the
Burgundians, 296; relations of Henry
IV. with, 299; make war with the
Burgundians, 301; insurrection of the
Parisians against, 304

Armed Neutrality, the, 792.

Army, the, the folk-moot in arms, 33:
Alfred's organisation of, 60; under
William I., 104, 106; re-organised by
Henry II., 141; its condition under
Edward III., 236; the New Model,
formation of, 545; attempt of Parlia
ment to disband, 553; choice of Agita-
tors in, 554 gains possession of the
king's person, 555; the heads of the
proposals presented in the name of,
ib.; drives out the eleven mem-
bers, ib.; turns against the king, 556,
557; expels members by Pride's
Purge, ib. its inability to recon-
struct society after the king's exe-
cution, 560; overthrows Richard
Cromwell, restores and expels the
Rump, 575; brings back the Rump, ib.;
receives Charles II. on Blackheath,
578; paid off, 584; parliamentary con
trol over, 650; reduction of, 667;
abolition of purchase in, 964

Army, the Royal, beginning of, 584
Army plot, the, 531

Arnold, Benedict, plots to betray Ameri-
can forts, 789

Arras, congress at, 313: Treaty of, 337
Art in the reign of Anne, 701
Arteveldt, Jacob van, 235
Arteveldt, Philip van, 278
Arthur, legend of, 33

Arthur, nephew of John, descent of,
173; murder of, 174

Arthur, Prince of Wales, marriage and
death of, 356

Articles, the ten, 395; the six, 399; the
forty-two, 420; the thirty-nine, ib.;
declaration of Charles I..prefixed to, 512
Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury,
banished, 282; his position under
Henry IV., 292; deprived of the
Chancellorship, 299; Oldcastle tried
before, 300

Arundel Castle taken and lost by
Hopton, 542

Arundel, the Earl of, opposes Richard
II., 279; executed, 282
Aryans, the, 5

Ashley, Lord, see Shaftesbury, Earl of
Ashley, Lord, carries a factory act,
911; carries an act restricting labour
in mines, and the labour of women
and children in factories, 927

Aske heads the Pilgrimage of Grace, 397
Aspern, battle of, 865
Assandun, battle of, 83

ASS

Assaye, battle of, 859

Assembly of divines, proposal to refer
church questions to, 534; meeting of,
540; declares for Presbyterianism, 543
Asser, life of Ælfred by, 61
Assiento Treaty, the, 696
Assize of Arms, 154

Assize of Clarendon, see Clarendon
Association, the, in defence of Elizabeth,
456

Association, the, in defence of William
III., 666

Athelney, Elfred takes refuge in, 58
Athlone taken by the army of William
III., 656

Attainder, Bill of, against Thomas Crom-
well, 401; nature of a, ib., note i. ;
against Strafford, 531

Auckland, Lord, his policy in Afghan-
istan, 949

Aughrim, battle of, 656

Augustine preaches to the men of Kent,
39: becomes Archbishop of Canter
bury and founds other bishoprics, 40;
fails to obtain the co-operation of the
Welsh bishops, 41

Auldearn, battle of, 547

Aumale, Earl of, surrenders his castles
to Hubert de Burgh, 187
Aurungzebe weakens the Mogul em.
pire, 758; death of, 759
Austerlitz, battle of, 854

Australia, progress of the colonisation of,
967

Australasian colonies, the, 918
Austria, imprisonment of Richard I. in,
161; takes part in the Grand Alliance,
675; attacked by Frederick II., 733;
joins a coalition against Frederick II.,
749: French declaration of war
against, 824; makes the treaty of
Campo-Formio with France, 837:
takes part in the second coalition, 838;
joins the third coalition, 854; Francis
II. adopts the title of Emperor of,
856 joins Russia and Prussia against
Napoleon, 871; acquires Lombardy
and Venetia, 873; adoption of a con-
stitutional system in, 934; at war with
Hungary, 935; its army defeated at
Magenta and Solferino, 956; its army
defeated at Sadowa, 963; acquires the
protectorate over Bosnia and Herze-
govina, 970

Austrian succession, war of, 732; end of
the war of, 743

Avice of Gloucester divorced by John,
174

Avignon, the Popes at, 257

BABINGTON plots the murder of Eliza.
beth, 457

Bacon, Francis (Lord Verulam and
Viscount St. Alban), scientific aspira-
tions of, 474; advises Elizabeth as to
the treatment of the Catholics, 475;

Barrow, Isaac, addresses his sermons to
the understanding, 598
Basel, treaties of, 829

Basing House taken by Cromwell, 549
Basques, the, Iberian descent of, 5
Bastwick sentenced by the Star Cham-
ber, 521
Bate's case, 484

Bath, see Aqua Sulis
Battle Abbey, site of, 96

Baugé, battle of, 306

Baxter, imprisoned by Jeffreys, 635
Bayeux Tapestry, the, 98
Baylen, capitulation of, 863

Bayonne taken by the French, 320
Beachy Head, battle of, 657
Beaconsfield, Earl of, insists on the
Russians laying their agreement with
the Turks before a congress, 969; end
of the ministry of, 971

Bears, performing, 275

Beaton, Cardinal, burns Wishart, 412;
is murdered, 414

Beaufort, Henry, Bishop of Winchester,
becomes Chancellor, 299: invites Par-
liament to support Henry V., 301.
opposes Gloucester, 308; becomes a
cardinal, 309; continues his opposition

977

BEC

to Gloucester, 314; policy of, 317;
death of, 318

Bec, Abbey of, 89, 117
Becket, see Thomas, Archbishop of Can-
terbury

Bede, Ecclesiastical History of, 52
Bedford, West Saxon victory at, 35:
castle of Faukes de Breauté at, 187
Bedford, John, Duke of, brother of
Henry V., sent to secure Harfleur,
303; Regent of France, 307; marries
the Duke of Burgundy's sister, ib.;
defeats the French at Verneuil, 308;
returns to England, 312; death of, 313
Bedford, Duke of, joins George Gren-
ville's ministry, 770; death of, 779
Bedingfield, Sir Henry, takes charge of
Elizabeth, 423

Begums of Oude, Hastings forces to pay
money to the Nawab, 805
Belgians land in Britain, 8
Belgium, independence of, 912
Bellême, see Robert of Bellême

Benedict of Nursia establishes the
Benedictine rule, 40

Benedictines, monasteries of the, 128
Benevolences invented by Edward IV.,
335; abolished by Richard III., 342;
raised by James I., 497

Bengal, Surajah Dowlah's overthrow
in, 762; Clive returns to, 801
Bensington, Mercian victory at, 53
Bentham, principles of, 890; spread of
the opinions of, 939

Bentinck, Lord George, nominal leader
of the Protectionists in the House of
Commons, 931; death of, 938
Berengaria marries Richard Ĩ., 161
Berlin decree, the, 859
Berlin, treaty of, 969

Bernard du Guesclin, see Du Guesclin
Bernicia, formation of the kingdom of,
36; is merged for a time in North-
humberland, 41; is untouched by
the preaching of Paulinus, 46; is
finally merged in North-humberland,
48; maintains its independence after
the Danish conquest, 59
Bertha obtains from thelberht a dis-
used church, 38

Berwick, Duke of, opposed to Galway
in Spain, 684
Berwick, Treaty of, 526

Bhonsla, the, a Mahratta chief, 802:
reduced to sign a subsidiary treaty,
859

Bible, the, Henry VIII. authorises the
translation of, 396

Bigod, Hugh, appointed justiciar by
the barons, 199.

Bigod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk, resists
Edward I., 220

Bill of Rights, the, 656
Birmingham Political Union, the, 904;
riot at, 924

Bishops, nominated by congé d'élire,
391; first Bill for removing from the
House of Lords, 533; impeachment of

BOS

the twelve, 535; excluded from the
House of Lords, 536

Bishops' War, the first, 526; the second,
529

Black Death, the, 248, 259

Black Prince, the, fights at Crecy, 242;
ravages the south of France, and de-
feats the French at Poitiers, 251; his
courtesy to King John, 252; is sent to
Aquitaine, 254; his expedition into
Spain, 255; taxes Aquitaine, 256;
loses Aquitaine, 257; leads the Good
Parliament, and dies, 262
Blackwater, the, defeat of Bagenal on,

475

Blake, defends Taunton, 548; appointed
to command the fleet, 565; sent to the
Mediterranean, 571; destroys Spanish
ships at Santa Cruz, 573; death of,
ib.
Blanche Tache, ford of, 240
Blanketeers, the, march of, 877
Blenheim, battle of, 682
Bloody Assizes, the, 637
Blore Heath, battle of, 326
Boadicea, insurrection of, 15
Bocher, Joan, burnt, 419

Bohemia, outbreak of the Thirty Years'
War in, 490

Bohun, Humfrey, Earl of Hereford,
resists Edward I., 220
Boleyn, Anne, see Anne Boleyn
Bolingbroke, Viscount, carries

the

Schism Act, 699; overpowered by the
Whigs, 700; escapes to France, and
becomes Secretary to the Pretender,
705; dismissed by the Pretender, ib. ;
returns to England, 721; organises
an opposition against Walpole, 722;
stirs up public opinion against the
Excise Bill, 724; returns to France,
ib.; see St. John, Henry

Bombay acquired by Charles II., 587;
made over by Charles II. to the East
India Company, 758
Bonaparte, Napoleon,

distinguishes
himself at the siege of Toulon, 826;
his campaign in Italy, 834: signs the
Peace of Campo-Formio, 837; his
expedition to Egypt, b.; invades
Syria and returns to France, 838;
becomes First Consul, 839; makes
overtures to England, 840: wins the
battle of Marengo, and makes peace
with Austria at Lunéville, 840; con-
tinued annexations by, 848; becomes
Emperor of the French, 858; see
Napoleon I.

Boniface VIII., 220

Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Can-
terbury, 197

Bonner, Bishop, deprived of his see, 416
Booth, Sir George, defeated at Winning-
ton Bridge, 575

Bordeaux taken by the French, 320
Boroughbridge, defeat of Thomas of

Lancaster at, 228

Boston, soldiers killed at, 780; tea

BOS

thrown into the harbour of, ib.; opera.
tions of the British force at, 783;
evacuated by Howe, 784
Boston Port Act, the, 782
Bosworth, battle of, 343

Botany Bay, convict settlement at, 858
Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of,
career of, 439

Bothwell Bridge, defeat of the Covenan
ters at, 620

Boulogne, taken by Henry VIII., 405;
surrendered by Warwick, 417: pre-
parations for the invasion of Eng-
land at, 848; French army at, 851
Bourbon, the Duke of, revolt of, 371;
death of, 374

Bouvines, battle of, 181

Boxley, destruction of the rood of, 398
Boyne, battle of, the, 656

Brabant, the Duke of, captures Jacque
line of Hainault, 308

Braddock routed and killed, 748
Bradford-on-Avon, early stone church at,

51

Bramham Moor, defeat of Northumber-
land on, 296

Brandreth, murder by, 879

Breda, declaration of, 576; treaty of, 593
Breed's Hill taken by the Americans, 783
Brember hanged, 280

Brentford, Charles I. at, 537
Bretigni, Treaty of, 253
Bretwalda, title of, 44

Bridgenorth, Robert of Bellême's castle

at, 121; besieged by Henry I., 124
Bridges, making and repair of, 272, 273
Bridgman, Sir Orlando, declares that
the king's ministers are responsible. 581
Bridgwater taken by Fairfax, 549; Mon-
mouth at, 637

Bridgewater Canal, the, 813
Brigantes, the, conquest of, 16
Bright, John, a leader in the Anti-
Corn-Law League, 924; opposes a
war with China, 955
Brihtnoth slain at Maldon, 79

Brihuega, surrender of Stanhope at, 692
Brill seized by exiles from the Nether-
lands, 449

Brindley designs the Bridgewater
Canal, 814

Bristol garrisoned by Robert of Glou-
cester, 134: stormed by Rupert, 538
Britain, its name derived from the
Britons, 6; tin trade opened to, 8;
Gauls and Belgians in, ib.; Cæsar's in-
vasion of, 11; trade of Gaul with, 12;
beginning of the Roman conquest of,
13-17; condition of the Roman pro-
vince of, 19-22; emperors specially
connected with, 22; Christianity in,
23; ravaged by the Picts and Scots, 23;
and by the Saxons, 24 military divi-
sions of, ib.; end of the Roman govern-
ment of, 25, 26 is deserted by the
Romans, 26; its organisation after the
departure of the Romans, ib. ; the Eng-
lish conquest of, 27-29

BUR

British Columbia joins the Dominion of
Canada, 967

Britons, the, succeed the Goidels, 6: Jan-
guages spoken by the descendants of,
7; habits of, 9; religion of, 10; intra-
duction of Roman manners amongst,
13; increased civilisation of, 21; non-
existence of a national feeling amongst,
22; ask Honorius in vain for help, 25;
the groans of the, 26; treatment of, by
the English conquerors, 29; are better
treated in the West, 31; slight modi-
fication of English language by them,
31; see Kymry

Brittany, its relation with Henry II.,
155; Edward III. sends forces to, 240;
annexed to France, 349.
Broad-bottomed Administration, the,

739

Browne, Archbishop of Dublin, destroys
relics and images in Ireland, 402
Browne, Robert, founder of the Separat-
ists, 470

Brownists, see Separatists

Bruce, Edward, invades Ireland, 264
Bruce, Robert, claims the crown of Scot-
land, 215

Bruce, Robert, grandson of the preceding,
see Robert I.

Brunanburh, battle of, 63
Brut, Layamon's, 207
Brythons, see Britons

Bucer, Martin, teaches in England, 416
Buchan, Countess of, imprisoned, 224
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke
of, supports Richard III., 338, 341;
executed as a rebel, 342
Buckingham, George Villiers,

First

Duke of, becomes Marquis of Bucking-
ham and Lord Admiral, 488; accom-
panies Charles to Madrid, 497; be-
comes Duke of Buckingham, and advo
cates war with Spain, 500; promises
money for foreign wars,
501; his
ascendency over Charles I., 502; tries
to pawn the crown jewels, 503: lends
ships to fight against Rochelle, 504:
impeachment of, 505; leads an expedi
tion to Ré, 506; feeling of Wentworth
towards, 508: murder of, 510
Buckingham, George Villiers, Second
Duke of, in favour with Charles II.,
599; his sham treaty with France,
603: dismissal of, 608

Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of,
execution of, 369

Buildings, improvement in, in Elizabeth's
time, 465

Bulgaria, becomes a tributary princi
pality, 969; annexation of Eastern
Roumelia to, 970
Bunker's Hill, 783

Bunyan writes Pilgrim's Progress, 506
Burdett, Sir Francis, advocates uni-
versal suffrage, 879

Burford, West Saxon victory at, 53
Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, as Sir
William Cecil becomes the chief adviser

979

BUR

of Elizabeth, 429; urges Elizabeth to
assist the Scotch Protestants, 433:
becomes Lord Burghley and discovers
the Ridolfi plot, 445; death of, 480
Burgos, siege of, 869

Burgoyne, General, capitulates at Sara-
toga, 786

Burgundians, party of the, opposed to
the Armagnacs, 296, 299; are friendly
to Henry V., 301

Burgundy, Charles the Rash, Duke of,
marries the sister of Edward IV., 332;
policy of, 336; is slain at Nancy, ib.
Burgundy, John the Fearless, Duke of,
has the Duke of Orleans murdered,
296; allies himself with Henry V., 301;
holds aloof in the campaign of Agin-
court, 302; makes war upon the Armag-
nacs, 303; murder of, 305
Burgundy, Philip the Good, Duke of,
joins the English against the Dauphin,
306; allies himself with the Duke of
Bedford, 307; forms a league with
Charles VII., 313; inherits territories
in the Netherlands, ib.

Burhs erected by Eadward the Elder, 62
Burke, Edmund, enters Parliament,
772; his views on American taxation,
773; opposes parliamentary reform,
777: argues against taxing America,
780; his speech on economical reform,
789; passes a bill for economical re-
form, 795; the author of the India
Bill of the Coalition, 806; his part in
the impeachment of Hastings, 811;
publishes Reflections on the French
Revolution, 822

Burley, Sir Simon, executed, 280
Burnet, Gilbert, his conversation with
William of Orange, 645

Burns, poetry and opinions of, 887
Burton, sentenced by the Star Chamber,
521

Bury St. Edmunds, foundation of the
monastery at, 58; death of Svend at,
82; meeting of barons at, 181
Busaco, combat at, 867

Bute, Earl of, becomes Prime Minister,
766; resignation of, 768
Butler, author of Hudibras, 597
Butler, Bishop, writes The Analogy, 745
Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, pleads for
the abolition of slavery, 910
Byng, Admiral, fails to relieve Minorca,
749 shot, 750

Byng, Sir George, defeats a Spanish
fleet, off Cape Passaro, 709
Byron, Lord, poetry and death of, 888

CABINET, the, its origin, 660; develop-

ment of, 687; strengthened by the
withdrawal of George I. from, 704
Cabul, taken by the British, 949; re-
treat of the British from, 950; Pol-
lock retakes, ib.

Cade, Jack, rebellion of, 322

CAN

Cadiz, capture of, 464; Cecil's expedi
tion to, 503

Cadmon, poetry of, 52

Cadwalla, allied with Penda, 46; is
defeated by Oswald, 47

Caen, burial of William I. at, 114;
stormed by Henry V., 303

Caerleon upon Usk, see Isca Silurum
Cæsar, Gaius Julius, makes war in
Gaul and Germany, 10; twice invades
Britain, 11

Caint, the, occupied by the Cantii, 8
Calais taken by Edward III., 243;
besieged by the Duke of Burgundy,
313; loss of, 427; Elizabeth's hope of
regaining, 436; the Armada takes re-
fuge in, 462; Cromwell's anxiety to
recover, 571

Calcutta, grows up round Fort William,
758; the Black Hole of, 762

Calder, Sir Robert, defeats a French
fleet, 856

Caledonians, the, wars of Agricola with,

16

Calvin, his work at Geneva, 430
Calvinism influences Elizabethan Pro-
testantism, 430

Cambrai, league of, 363; treaty of, 383
Cambridge, the Earl of, execution of, 301
Camden, Lord, dismissed, 776; see Pratt,
Chief Justice

Campbell, Sir Colin, suppresses the
Indian mutiny and becomes Lord
Clyde, 954

Campeggio, Cardinal, appointed legate
to hear the divorce case of Henry
VIII., 382

Camperdown, battle of, 837
Campion lands in England, 453; execu.
tion of, 454

Campo Formio, peace of, 837
Camulodunum, Cunobelin's headquarters
at, 12; Roman colony of, 13; captured
by Boadicea, 15

Canada, possessed by France, 747; plan
of Pitt for the conquest of, 753; con-
quest of, 756; abandonment of the
French claim to, 766; failure of the
Americans to overrun, 784; discon-
tent in, 914; union between the pro-
vinces of, 916; enters into a federa-
tion called the Dominion of Canada,
967
Canning, enters Portland's Ministry,
857; sends a fleet to fetch the Danish
ships from Copenhagen, 860; fights
a duel with Castlereagh and resigns
office, 865 succeeds Castlereagh as
Foreign Secretary, 882; acknowledges
the independence of the Spanish
colonies in America, 883; sends troops
to secure Portugal, 884; becomes
Prime Minister, 892; death of, ib.
Canning, Lord, Governor-General of
India, 952

Canningites, the, take office under
Wellington. 893; resignation of, 895;
join Lord Grey's Ministry, 901