1005

MIL

Milton writes Comus, 519: writes
Areopagitica, 546; writes a sonnet
on the Vaudois, 572; publishes Para-
dise Lost, 596

Minden, battle of, 756

Mines, restriction of labour in, 927
Ministerial responsibility, proposal to
establish, 195

Ministers excluded from the House of
Commons by the Act of Settlement,
673; readmitted, 684

Minorca, taken by Stanhope, 690;
assigned to England by the treaty of
Utrecht, 696; re-taken by the French,
749; regained at the end of the Seven
Years' War, 766; taken by the
Spaniards, 795; ceded by England to
Spain, 798

Mirebeau, Eleanor besieged in, 174
Mise of Amiens, the, 200

Missolonghi, sieges of, 884; death of
Byron at, 888

Mohammedanism, origin and spread
of, 54

Molynes, Lord, ill-treats John Paston,
321

Mompesson, Sir Giles, flies from the
kingdom, 495

Mona (Anglesey) conquered by Sue-
tonius, 14

Monasteries, dissolution of the smaller,

394 surrender of some of the greater,
397 completion of the suppression of,

400

Monasticism, character of early, 39:
converts made in England by, 40;
character of Irish, 47; Benedictine, 128
Monk, see Albemarle, Duke of
Monks contrasted with Friars, 191
Monmouth, Duke of, proposed as heir
to the crown, 618; defeats the Cove-
nanters at Bothwell Bridge, 620; re-
fuses to take part in acts of violence,
624 implicated in a Whig plot, 625:
rebellion and execution of, 637
Monopolies, the, Elizabeth recalls some
of, 478; attacked by Parliament in the
reign of James I., 494; revocation of,
495: Act of, 500

Monro, Major-General Robert, holds
Carrickfergus, 541

Montague, Charles, one of the Whig

Junto, 659; restores the currency, 664;
resigns office, 670

Montague, Chief Justice, becomes Lord
Treasurer, 494

Montague, Lord, made Earl of North-
humberland, 331: is deprived of the
earldom, 333: turns against Edward
IV., and is killed at Barnet, 332
Montague, Ralph, accuses Danby, 616
Montague, Richard, impeached, 511;
made a bishop, 512

Montenegro, enlargement of, 969
Montfort, de, see Simon de Montfort
Montrose, James Graham, Marquis of,
his campaign in the Highlands, 547,.
549 execution of, 563

NAP

Moore, Sir John, killed at Corunna,
864
More, Sir Thomas, writes Utopia, 367:
in favour with Henry VIII., 368; is
Speaker of the House of Commons,
371 becomes Chancellor, 387; his
displeasure with the Protestants, 388;
resigns the chancellorship, ib. ; is sent
to the Tower, 392; execution of, 394
Morkere becomes Earl of North-humber-
land, 90; is present at Eadgar's elec
tion, 98; submits to William, 102; is
banished, 103

Morley, Bishop, sermons of, 548
Mornington, Lord, Governor-General of

India, 838; becomes Marquis Welles-
ley, 859 see Wellesley, Marquis
Mortimer, Edmund, see March, Earl of
Mortimer, Roger, paramour of Queen
Isabella, 229; governs in the name of
Edward III., 231; is hanged, 232
Mortimer, Sir Edmund, imprisoned by
Glendower, 293

Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 328
Mortmm, Statute of, 212

Morton, Thomas, Bishop of Ely, after-
wards Cardinal and Archbishop of
Canterbury, gives advice to Bucking-
ham, 341, 342; his 'fork,' 349
Moscow, burning of, 870

Mount Badon, British victory at, 28
Mountjoy, Charles Blount, Lord, con-
quers Ireland, 478

Mountnorris, Francis Annesley, Lord,
court-martial on, 528

Mowbray, Róbert of, rebellion of, 120
Muir, sentenced to transportation, 828
Municipal Corporations Act, 913, 914
Munster, attempt to colonise, 475
Münster, the Bishop of, overruns two
Dutch provinces, 591

Murray, desires to become Chief Justice,
747 becomes Chief Justice as Lord
Mansfield, 749

Murray, Earl of, is driven into England,
438 returns to Scotland, 439; becomes
Regent, 440; produces the Casket let-
ters, ib. assassinated, 441
Mutinies at Spithead and the Nore, 836
Mutiny Act, the, 650

Mysore, Hyder Ali in, 804; Tippoo
succeeds his father in, 805

NAMUR, surrender of, 663

Nana Sahib, grievances of, 952; his
conduct at Cawnpore, 953
Nantwich, battle of, 542

Napier, Sir Charles, Admiral, takes
Acre, 922

Napier, Sir Charles, General, conquers
Sindh, 950

Naples, assigned to Charles VI., 696;
ceded to the son of Philip V., 725;
Joseph Bonaparte, king of, 856; revo-
Iution suppressed by Austria in, 882
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, his

NAP

plan for the invasion of England, 851;
offers Hanover alternately to England
and Prussia, 855; defeats the Prussians
at Jena, 857; makes peace with Russia
at Tilsit, 858; his designs against
Spain, 862; places Joseph Bonaparte
on the Spanish throne, 863; invades
Spain, 864 fights at Aspera and
Wagram, 865 countries annexed by,
868; invades Russia, 869, 870; defeat
and abdication of, 871; returns to
France and fights at Waterloo, 874;
sent to St. Helena, 875
Napoleon
becomes

III., Emperor,

Emperor, 939; attempt to murder,
955; goes to war for the liberation of
Italy, 956; annexes Savoy and Nice,
957; fall of, 964
Naseby, battle of, 548
Natal, colonisation of, 969
Navarino, battle of, 893

Navarre conquered by Ferdinand of
Aragon, 364

Navarrete, battle of, 255

Navigation Act, the, passing of 565;
re-enactment of, 589; repeal of, 936
Navy, Alfred's, 60; the English, defeats
the Spanish Armada, 460-464; equipped
by means of ship-money, 523; desertion
of part of, to the Prince of Wales, 557;
Blake in command of, 565; its contests
with the Dutch, 591; deterioration in
the discipline of, 605

Nelson, his exploits at the battle of St.
Vincent, 835; defeats the French at
the battle of the Nile, 838; defeats the
Danes at the battle of Copenhagen,
845; pursues the French fleet to the
West Indies, 853; killed at Trafalgar,
854

Neolithic man, 3

Netherlands, the, inherited by Philip

II., 426; Alva's government of, 443:
beginning of the Dutch Republic in,
449; division into two parts, 450; see
Netherlands, the Spanish, and Dutch
Republic

Netherlands, the Austrian, occupied by
the French, 825: ceded to France, 837
Netherlands, the Spanish, Alexander of
Parma in, 450; assigned to Charles
VI., 696; see Netherlands, the
Austrian

Nevill, influence of the family of, 324
Nevill, George, Archbishop of York,
deprived of the Chancellorship, 332
Nevill's Cross, battle of, 242
New Amsterdam captured

English, 589

by the

New Brunswick joins the Dominion of
Canada, 967

New England, colonisation of, 489; war-
like preparations in, 782; beginning
of resistance in, 783

New Forest, the, making of, 110; death
of William II. in, 122

New Jersey, Washington driven out of,
784; Washington recovers, 786

NOR

New Model Army, see Army, the New
Model

New Orleans, the British repulsed at, 873
New South Wales, progress of, 968
New York, named after the Duke of
York, 589; secured to England, 593;
occupied by Howe, 784

New Zealand, progress of colonisation
in, 968

Newark, death of John at, 185; sur-
renders to the Scots, 551
Newburn, rout of, 529

Newbury, first battle of, 539; second
battle of, 544

Newcastle, Charles I. at, 551

Newcastle, Duke of, character of, 732:
succeeds his brother as first Lord of
the Treasury, 746; his inefficiency in
providing for hostilities with France,
748; resigns, 749; coalesces with
Fitt, 751; resignation of, 766
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Earl,
afterwards Marquis of, commands a
Royalist army in Yorkshire, and de-
feats the Fairfaxes at Adwalton Moor,
538; is created Marquis, and be
sieges Hull, 542; besieged in York,
ib.; defeated at Marston Moor, 543
Newcastle-on-Tyne, foundation of, 120
Newfoundland, retained by England,
695; refuses to join the Dominion of
Canada, 967

Newgate, burning of, 792

Newman, a leader of the Oxford move-
ment, 940

Newport (Monmouthshire), Chartist riot

at, 924

Newport, the treaty of, 557

Newton, Sir Isaac, 632: assists in
restoring the currency, 664
Nicholas, the Tzar, comes to an agree
ment with England on the liberation
of Greece, 884; proposes to partition
the Turkish dominions, 943; goes to
war with the Sultan, 944; war declared
by England and France against, ib. ;
death of, 947

Nigel, Bishop of Ely, Treasurer of
Henry I., Stephen's attack on, 134; is
re-appointed Treasurer, 140

Nightingale, Miss Florence, nurses the
sick from the Crimea, 947
Nile, the battle of, 838

Nithsdale, Earl of, escapes from prison,

705

No Addresses, vote of, 556
Nonjurors, the, 652

Non-resistance Bill, the, 611
Nore, the, mutiny at, 836

Norfolk, origin of the name of, 28
Norfolk, Duke of, banished by Richard
II., 283

Norfolk, Earl of, see Bigod, Roger
Norfolk, resistance to the Amicable
Loan in, 372; Ket's rebellion in. 415
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, third Duke
of, defeats the Scots, as Earl of Surrey,
at Flodden, 364; opposes Wolsey, 383;

NOR

charges Cromwell with treason, 401;
wastes the Scottish Borders, 405; con-
demned to death, 411

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, fourth Duke
of, sent to the Tower, 441; is liberated
and proposes to marry Mary Stuart,
444; arrested, 445; executed, 446
Norham, award of the crown of Scotland

at, 216

Norman Conquest, the, 96-103
Normandy, early dukes of, 80; institu-
tions of, 81; its condition under
Robert, 118: pledged to William II.,
121; recovered by Robert, 124; con-
quered by Henry I., 125; conquered
by Geoffrey, 136; Henry, Duke of,
137: conquered by Philip II., 174, 176;
invaded by Edward III., 240; con-
quered by Henry V.,303; re-conquered
by the French, 320

Normans favoured by Eadward, 87;
their style of architecture, 89
Norris, Sir John, joins Drake in sacking
Corunna, 464

North Briton, the, 769

North Foreland, battle off, 591
North, Lord, becomes Prime Minister,
776; takes advantage of the division
of opinion between Burke and Chat-
ham, 777; feels strongly against the
conduct of the Americans, 778; ob-
tains the repeal of all the American
duties except that on tea, 779; resolves
to put down resistance in Boston, 780;
tries to conciliate the Americans, 783;
offers to resign office, 787; resignation
of, 795; coalesces with Fox, 800;
opposes Pitt's motion for Parliamen-
tary reform, 801; passes the Regu-
lating Act, 832
Northampton,

Thomas

Archbishop
called to account at, 145; battle of, 326
Northern confederacy, the, 844
North-humberland, component parts of,
36 united by Ethelric, 41; divided
by Penda, and re-united under Oswald,
47: is again divided, but re-united
under Oswiu, 48; its relations with
Ecgberht, 55; overrun by the Danes,
58; Danish kingdom in, 62, 63; is
amalgamated with England, 64: its
condition under Cnut, 84; under
Siward 84, 87
Northmen, their attacks on England,
56; religion of, 57: see Danes
Northumberland invaded by Malcolm
Canmore, 119; given to Henry, son
of David I., 133; recovered by Henry
II., 140

Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke
of, as Earl of Warwick, overpowers
Ket's rebellion, 416; leads the govern
ment after Somerset's fall, ib.; be-
comes Duke of Northumberland, 418;
supports Lady Jane Grey, 420;
execution of, 421

Northumberland, the Earl of, assists
Henry IV., 284; quarrels with Henry

ORF

1007

IV., 293; imprisoned and pardoned,
294; defeated and slain, 296
Northumberland, Thomas Percy, Earl
of, takes part in the rising of the
North, 441
Norwich, establishment of the see of, 107
Nottingham, Anglian settlement at, 36;
seizure of Mortimer at, 232; Charles I.
sets up his standard at, 537
Nottingham, Earl of, opposes Richard
II., 279; is made Duke of Norfolk
and banished, 283; dismissed through
the influence of Marlborough, 681;
coalesces with the Whigs, 695

Nova Scotia, assigned to England, 696;

abandonment of the French claim to,
765; joins the Dominion of Canada, 967
Nuncomar, execution of, 803
Nymwegen, peace of, 615

OATES, TITUS, tells the story of the
Popish Plot, 615

O'Brien, Smith, heads a rising in
Ireland, 935

Occasional Conformity Bill, failure of
the Tories to pass, 680; defeat of an
attempt to tack it to a land-tax bill, 682;
passed, 695; repealed, 710

O'Connell, Daniel, demands Catholic
emancipation, 895; refused a seat in
the House of Commons, 896; asks for
a repeal of the Union, 910; combines
with the Whigs to overthrow Peel,
913: drops for a time his demand for
repeal of the Union, 916; shrinks from
a conflict with Peel, and dies, 928
O'Connor, Feargus, leads the Chartists,
924; summons a meeting on Kenning-
ton Common, 935

Oda, Archbishop, advocates the celi-
bacy of the clergy, 65; separates
Eadwig and Ælfgifu, 67

Odo oppresses the English, 102; is
banished by William II., 115
O'Donnell, Rory, flight of, 484

Offa, king of the Mercians, defeats the
West Saxons at Bensington, 53; his
dyke, 54

Olaf Trygvasson, 79, 80

Oldcastle, Sir John, burnt as a Lollard,
360

Old Sarum, earthworks of Sorbiodunum
at, 34

Olive Brand petition, the, 783
O'Neill, Hugh, defeats Bagenal at the
Blackwater, 475; submission of, 478;
flight of, 484

Orange River Free State, the founda-
tion of, 968

Ordainers, the Lords, 226

Ordeal, system of, 32; continued by
Henry II., 146

Orders in Council, the, 860; repeal of, 872
Ordovices, the, resist the Romans, 14
Orford, Earl of, attacked by the Com
mons, 670 resigns office, ib.; see
Russell, Admiral

ORL

Orleans, siege of, 309,

Orleans, Duke of (the Regent), is on
friendly terms with England, 707;
guarantees the Hanoverian succes-
sion, 708

Orleans, Duke of, Charles, captured at
Agincourt, 303; ransomed, 315
Orleans, Duke of, Louis, makes an alli-
ance with Glendower, 295; murdered,
296

Orleans, Henrietta, Duchess of, negoti
ates the Treaty of Dover, 600
Ormond, Earl of, supports the Lancas-
trians, 346

Ormond, second Duke of, commands in
Flanders, 696; escapes to France, 705
Ormond, Thomas Butler, Marquis of,
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 542;
abandons Ireland to Parliament, 552;
returns to Ireland, ib.
Osric governs Deira, 48

Ostorius Scapula arrives in Britain, 13;
conquests of, 14

Oswald, Bishop of Worcester, 68
Oswald, King of North-humberland, his
greatness and piety, 47; is slain at
Maserfield, 48

Oswini, his relations with Aidan, 48;
is murdered, ib.

Oswiu unites North-humberland, 48;
defeats Penda, ib. ; decides for Wilfrid
against Colman, 50

Otho, Cardinal, legate of Gregory IX.,

194

Otto I., Emperor, 63

Otto IV., Emperor, supports John, 179;
defeated at Bouvines, 181

Oude, Hastings seeks its alliance against

the Mahrattas, 802; annexation of, 951
Oudenarde, battle of, 690

Outram, Sir James, waives his rank in
Havelock's favour, 954
Overbury, Sir Thomas, poisoned, 488
Over-lordship, character of, 38
Oxford, growth of the University of,
167; the so-called Mad Parliament
meets at, 198; thronged with scholars,
207; study of Greek in the University
of, 367; Parliament adjourned to, 502;
headquarters of Charles I. at, 537;
Parliament held at, during the Plague,
590; the third Short Parliament meets
at, 621; Roman Catholic propaganda
of James II. in, 639

Oxford, Earl of, quarrels with Boling-
broke, 699; dismissed, 700; im-
peached and imprisoned, 704, 705; see
Harley, Sir Robert

Oxford, Earl of (Robert de Vere), made
Duke of Ireland, 278; see Ireland,
Duke of

PAR

490; Imperialist invasion of, 496; loss
of, 497; failure of the negotiation to
induce the king of Spain to obtain the
restitution of, 500; attempt to send
Mansfeld to recover, 501

Palmerston, Viscount, Foreign Secre-
tary in Lord Grey's ministry, 891;
supports the independence of Belgium,
912; maintains an alliance with
France, 913; Spanish policy of, 920;
interferes in Syria, 922; dismissed,
938; saves the Derby ministry from
defeat, 939; is a member of the Aber-
deen ministry, 945: becomes Prime
Minister, 947; the elections (after his
entering on a war with China) in
favour of, 955; defeated on the Con-
spiracy to Murder Bill, and resigns,
956; becomes Prime Minister a second
time, ib.; death of, 960

Pandulf receives John's submission, 180
Papacy, influence of, in the time of
Gregory I., 39; strength of, in the
eleventh century, 88; its position in the
time of Gregory VII., 107; in the time
of Innocent III., 178; Babylonian
captivity of, 257; England relieved
of tribute to, 258; great schism of, 266;
immorality of, 375; legislation against
the payment of annates and Peter's
pence to, 388, 390

Papal jurisdiction in England, abolition
of, 389, 391

Paradise Lost, publication of, 596
Paris, the capital of Hugh Capet's
duchy, 80; rising against the Ar-
magnacs in, 304; Henry VI. crowned
at, 312; lost to the English, 313; sub.
mits to Henry IV., 464

Paris, Peace of, at the end of the Seven
Years' War, 766; at the end of the
American War, 798

Parker, Matthew, becomes Archbishop
of Canterbury, 429; character and
429;
position of, 430

Parker, Samuel, Bishop of Oxford, a
secret Roman Catholic, 639; intrusive
President of Magdalen College, 641
Parliament (see Great Council, the), germ
of representation in, 180; first use of the
name of, 195; scheme of administra-
tive reform proposed in, ib.; knights
of the shire elected to, 196; relations
between the clergy and the barons,
197; insists on the Provisions of Ox-
ford, 197; representatives of towns
admitted by Earl Simon to, 201;
growth of, under Edward I., 210, 218;
Scottish representatives in, 222; ac-
knowledgment of the legislative power
of the Commons in, 228; finally se
parated into two Houses, 244 opposi
tion to the clergy in, 259; Richard II.
invites complaints in, 280; relations of
Henry VIII. with, 385; relations of
Elizabeth with, 444; the Addled, 485;
the Short, 528; the Long, 529; forma-
tion of parties in, 532; struggles with

1009

PAR

Charles I. for the militia, 536; raises
forces against the king, 537; tries to
disband the army, 553; its speakers
take refuge with the army, 555;
dissolution of, by Cromwell, 566; the
Barebone's, ib.; the first, of the
Protectorate, 570; the second, of the
Protectorate, 572; Richard Crom-
well's, 574; restoration of the Long,
575; final dissolution of the Long,
576; the first convention, 577-584;
the Cavalier, 585; supports the
Church more than the king, 586;
rejects the declaration of Charles II.
in favour of toleration, 587; Albemarle
resists the dissolution of, 599; opposes
James II., 638; James II. attempts to
pack, 641

Parliamentary reform, views of Chatham
and Burke on, 777; supported by
Fox, 789; advanced views of the
Duke of Richmond on, 790; Pitt asks
for a committee to inquire into, 799;
Pitt brings forward a motion for, 801;
Pitt's Bill for, 808; advocated by Grey,
827; Hunt and Burdett ask for a
sweeping measure of, 879; Lord John
Russell supports a moderate measure
of, 894; granted by the first Reform
Act, 905; Russell proposes to carry
farther, 943; Disraeli brings in a bill
for, 956; Russell brings in a bill for,
957: Russell's ministry brings in a bill
for, 961 Disraeli carries a bill for, ib.;
a third bill for, carried by agreement
between Liberals and Conservatives,
972; see Reform Bill

Parma, Alexander Farnese, Prince of,
governor of the Spanish Nether-
lands, 45; gains ground in the
Netherlands, 454-456; takes Antwerp,
456; takes Zutphen, 457 hopes to
transport an army to England, 459;
blockaded by the Dutch, 462; sent to
aid the League, 464

Parnell leads the Irish Home Rule
party, 970

Parris, Van, burnt, 419

Parsons, Robert, lands in England,

453; escapes, 454

Parsons, Sir William, one of the Lords
Justices in Ireland, 533

Parties, Parliamentary, formation of
532; development of, 610, 628
Partition treaty, the first, 668; the
second, 671

Paston, John, attacked by Lord
Molynes, 321; domestic life of, 330
Patay, battle of, 311

Paterson, William, suggests the founda-
tion of the Bank of England, 660;
originates the Darien expedition,
671

Patrick, St., introduces Christianity into
Ireland, 47

Paul, the Tzar, withdraws from the
coalition against France, 840; murder
of, 845

PET

Paulet, Sir Amias, refuses to put Mary
Stuart to death, 457

Paulinus effects conversions in Deira,

Pavia, battle of, 372
Peasants' Revolt, the, 268
Pedro the Cruel, 255

Peel, Mr. (afterwards Sir Robert), re-
commends the resumption of cash
payments, 879; becomes Home Secre-
tary, 884; passes bills for the reform
of the criminal law, 885; is Home
Secretary in Wellington's ministry,
893; agrees to the repeal of the Test
and Corporation Acts, 895; defeated
at Oxford, 896; carries a bill for
Catholic emancipation, ib.; introduces
the new police, 900; Prime Minister
for the first time, 913; refuses to take
part against the Municipal Corpora
tions Bill, 914; fails to form a Minis-
try, 918; becomes Prime Minister a
second time, 925; first free-trade
budget of, 926; Irish policy of, 928;
second free-trade budget of, 929; at-
tacked by Disraeli, 930; abolishes
the Corn Law, 931; being defeated on
a bill for the protection of life in Ire-
land, resigns office, 932; public works
established in Ireland by, ib.; death
of, 936

Peerage Bill, the, rejection of, 710
Peers, creation of twelve, 695
Peishwah, the, rules over the Mahratta
confederacy, 760; driven from Poonah
859; abdicates, 948

Pelham, Henry, becomes First Lord of
the Treasury, 739; death of, 744
Peltier, tried for libelling Bonaparte,
848

Pembroke, Earl of, see William the
Marshal

Penda defeats Eadwine at Heathfield,
46; splits up North-humberland, 47;
is defeated and slain, 48

Penitential system, the, introduced by
Theodore, 50

Penjdeh, seized by the Russians, 972
Penn and Venables, expedition of, to
the West Indies, 571

Pennsylvania, colonisation of, 629
Penruddock captures the judges at
Salisbury, 571

Penry, John, hanged, 472

People's Charter, the, 923; see Chartists
Pepys pities dissenters, 588
Perceval, Spencer, becomes
Minister, 865; murdered, 868

Prime

Percies, the, territorial influence of, 293
Percy, Henry (Hotspur), 293, 294
Perpendicular style, the, 247
Perrers, Alice, 260, 262
Perth, the five articles of, 525
Peter Martyr teaches in England, 416
Peter des Roches influences Henry III.
188 is dismissed, 189

Peter the Great, sends troops to Meck-
lenburg, 709