Aviceda.

Gampsonyx.

broad and flattened; outer CYMINDIS.
toe and claw shortest.
Bill neither notched or (nor)]

festooned; head small
feet strong.

BUTEO.

By throwing each of these columns into their respective circles, and then bringing them into juxtaposition (which he does in the work quoted) the same results, he remarks, will follow. Into the accipitrine circle he admits Ictinia, provisionally, Accipiter (type), Astur (Goshawks), Haliaeetus (H. Pondicerianus), and no more. In the Aquiline circle he retains four types,' viz. Pandion, Harpyia, Aquila, and Ibycter. In the Cymindian or Milvine circle he places Polyborus, Cymindis, Elanus, Nauclerus, and Circetus, the last with a query, and in the cut of the circle it is not mentioned. In the Buteonine circle Milvus, Circus, and Buteo.

Mr. Vigors who, as we have seen, first proposed the application of the Quinary System to the Falconidae, and indeed to the birds in general, thus defines the family which is the subject of our inquiry, and thus follows out his arrangement. FALCONIDE. (Leach.)

Head plumose. Beak strong, hooked, with a cere at the base. Nostrils lateral, more or less rounded, open and situated in the cereé. External toes especially connected with the middle toes. Claws or nails strong, very sharp, very much incurved, and retractile :*

1st. Sub-family, Aquilina.

Beak long, hooked at the apex only. Fourth quill the longest.

form between the Buteo vulgaris and Falco. We here see a large-sized, heavy bird with shortened wings, not reach- Lophotes. ing to more than half the length of the tail; while the elongated bill, unlike either that of Buteo or Falco, obviously assimilates to that lengthened form which belongs to the eagles. Now, upon the supposition that a bird so_constructed is intended to fill up the interval between Buteo and Falco, and at the same time to unite the former with the Eagles, the singularity of its structure is no longer surprising: but if we consider it with a simple reference to the passage. between Buteo and Falco, we are almost tempted to suspect that, in this instance, a real saltus has been made. While upon this subject we may cite an acute observation made by Prince C. Bonaparte, that the Borealis is almost as much an Astur of the first section as a Buteo;' a proof, at least, that its affinities to Astur and to the aberrant eagles adjoining that group have not escaped observation. Our idea that the buzzards are truly united to the eagles is still further strengthened by the Buteo pterocles, Temm. ***. In this species the wings, as in Buteo, are remarkably long, but the bill is so considerably lengthened, that were we to judge alone from this member, we should have no scruple in placing the bird among the Aquile. On the other hand, it must be remembered that, as every group, from the highest to the lowest denomination, when perfect, contains a representation of the other four, united to a form peculiar to itself, so we might naturally expect that one division of the buzzards would represent the true eagles. To ascertain, therefore, whether the resemblances above stated are those of analogy or of real affinity, recourse must be had to strict analysis. Now this, in our present state of knowledge, cannot be done, at least from the resources to be found in this country. We have thought it advisable to cite the above facts, drawn from the structure of the birds themselves, as likely to awaken the attention of ornithologists to a further investigation of the subject; they will, at least, show that our opinion on the unity of the three aberrant groups is not entirely without foundation. Mr. Swainson considers the relative value of the whole group equivalent to that of Vultur or Strix in its own order, and to the families composing the Rasores, Grallatores, and Natatores, and he contemplates the five principal divisions as genera, arranging the subordinate forms as sub-genera; but in considering the five forms of the Falconidae as genera, rather than sub-families, he guards himself against the supposition that he may mean to insinuate that the minor distinctions which have been dwelt upon by several able ornithologists who have investigated this family, are either trivial, or that they deserve not to be brought immediately before us. On the contrary he recommends to others the plan adopted by himself, viz. the minute examination of every change of structure, and the assembling together in minor groups such species as agree in certain peculiarities. Further, he would proceed, in certain cases, even to impose a name upon such groups. but in a family already so erowded by generic names he considers it essential to preserve a distinction between groups of unequal value; and not to elevate sub-genera, or forms of transition, to a rank they do not hold. Milvago, Polyborus, Daptrius, and bycter, are, unquestionably, in his opinion, of the latter description, each confined but to one species, and he says that he has another of the same natural group in his cabinet, equally deserving a patronymic name. By regarding these as genera, each, as he thinks, is made equivalent to the whole genus of typical falcons; whereas, by representing them as lesser variations, which he considers them in truth to be, the student immediately perceives that their station is, subordinate.

The genera into which Mr. Swainson divides the Falconida are Falco, Accipiter, Buteo, Cymindis, and Aquila; and he gives the following table as the concentration of his remarks in reference to the sub-genera of Falco:*

1. Typical group.

Pre-eminently typical; bill)

Genera of the
Falconidae.

acutely toothed; wings FALCO.
pointed, rather long.

2. Sub-typical group.

Wings shorter, rounded

tarsi with entire transverse
scales.

ACCIPITER.

Natural History and Classification of Birds. London, 1835.

*

Long-winged Eagles.

Genera. Ibycter. (Vieillot.)

Beak convex above. Lower mandiole notched at the apex, and subacute. Cere naked. Cheeks, throat (gula) and crop (jugulum) featherless. Claws acute.

Mr. Vigors remarks that the type of this genus is Falco aquilinus of Gmelin, Petit Aigle d'Amerique of Buffon, and that he believes it still stands single in the genus.

Description. Beak cærulean; cere and feet yellow; orbits yellow; irides orange; body, above, cærulean; below, red going into white; neck purplish to rufous; claws black. Gmelin gives it as the Red-throated Falcon of Latham. Locality, South America.

Daptrius. (Vieillot.)

Beak convex above. Lower mandible angular beneath, notched at the apex, obtuse. Cere with scattered hairs. Orbits, throat, and crop, featherless. Claus acute.

Polyborus vulgaris. Vieillot.
Eagle.

The Brazilian Caracara

We select Mr. Bennett's Description and general history of this species as the most complete. After giving the How far,' writes Mr. Vigors, the two preceding genera generic characters, and observing that the wings nearly of M. Vieillot are sufficiently distinct from each other, or equal the tail in length, that they are of a rounded form from the remainder of the naked-cheeked Eagles, it is not with the third and fourth quills longest; that the legs are rafor me to hazard an opinion, without the opportunity of ther long, naked, and reticulated, and the claws of moderate more accurate examination of the birds than is at present length and curvature, but with little acuteness or power of within our power, and a more accurate knowledge of them grasping, the last-named author thus proceeds: In the than a mere description affords us. It would appear, how- Brazilian Caracara the whole upper surface of the head ever, that one group at least, that of Ibycter, is sufficiently is black, with the feathers slightly elongated backwards, distinguished from the other Falconidae with the naked and capable of being partially elevated in the shape of a cheeks, by the difference of its food and habits. The ac- pointed crest. The entire neck is of a light brownish gray, counts which have reached Europe of its mild and gentle which also forms the ground colour on the breast and manners and vegetable food have even induced some natu- shoulders, but with the addition on these parts of numeralists to refer it to the Gallinaceous Birds. I have strong rous transverse wavy bars of a deeper brown. Nearly all doubts indeed whether the birds that compose this the rest of the plumage is of a tolerably uniform shade of genus may not belong to quite a distinct station from the present, blackish brown, with the exception of the tail, which is at and be referrible to one of those groups which I have else- the base of a dirty white, with numerous narrow, transverse, where observed to be wanting among the Birds of Prey, to undulated bands of a dusky hue, and, in its terminal third, perfect that chain of affinities which is to be found comblack without any appearance of banding. The beak is plete in all the other orders. It is impossible, however, at horn-coloured at the tip and bluish at the base; the iris present, to come to any decision on the subject. While our hazel; the cere and naked cheeks of a dull red; the legs materials for classification are so scanty, the most that is in yellow, and the claws black. Such at least are the colours our power is to conjecture the place which more perfect in- of the living specimen in the Society's garden. Several formation will enable us to assign any group hereafter. For changes, however, take place in the plumage of the bird as the present we may leave the genus before us in that situ-it advances in age, and these are well illustrated by an exation, between the Vulturide and the Falconida, which tensive series of specimens in the Museum in Bruton-street,' they have hitherto been generally supposed to fill.' -now in Leicester Square. So great in fact is the variation of colours in this species that scarcely any two descriptions of it correspond throughout, and the figures by which it has been illustrated differ from each other even more remarkably than the descriptions by which they are accompanied.' (The Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society delineated, vol. ii.)

Example, Daptrius ater.

Description.-Black with bluish reflections; tail white at its base above, and rounded; beak and claws black; cere blackish ash, space round the eyes naked and of a flesh-colour; feet yellow. Length from 14 to 15 inches French. This is the Iribin noir of Vieillot, and the Caracara noir, Falco aterrimus, of Temminck. Locality, Brazil and Guiana. M. Lesson notes it as probably a genus for suppression

Head and Foot of Daptrius Ater.
Polyborus. (Vieillot.)

Beak compressed above. Lower mandible entire and obtuse; cere covered with hairs, large; cheeks and throat featherless; crop woolly. Example, Polyborus Brasiliensis,

The same author observes that Marcgrave was the first to introduce into Europe the name of Caracara, the vulgar appellation of the bird in Brazil, derived from its hoarse and peculiar cry. But although M. Cuvier regards Marcgrave's Caracara as identical with the species described by Mr. Bennett, the latter remarks that both the figure and description are so much at variance with it that he feels himself compelled to adopt in preference the opinion of Professor Lichtenstein, founded upon the original drawing, that they belong to a totally different bird. Mr. Bennett is consequently unable to trace the history of the true Caracara beyond the year 1784, when a figure and description were published at Vienna by the younger Jacquin, from his father's papers, under the name of Falco cheriway. These Mr. Bennett has no hesitation in referring to the present species. The principal differences between them consist, he states, in the markings on the breast and neck, which in the figure are more longitudinal than transverse; and in the very awkward foreshortening of the beak, which completely distorts its natural form. The former appears, from the specimens in the Society's Museum, to be one of the distinctive marks of the young bird. Cuvier, in the last edition of the Règne Animal, observes that the Falco cheriway of Jacquin may be nothing but a variety of age. Mr. Bennett then notices the very complete description of the adult Caracara in D'Azara. According to this author, the full-grown bird measures 21 inches in length and 50 in the expanse of the wings. Its colours agree with the description above given, excepting that the first six quil-feathers of the wings are white, marked with rays and spots of brown, and become blackish towards the point; the back is transversely rayed with brown and white, the latter predominating on its upper half, and vice versa; the fore part of the neck and breast are traversed by dusky lines mixed with a larger proportion of white; the cere is of an orange hue; and the throat and sides of the head are almost white. This description, Mr. Bennett remarks, very nearly coincides with that of M. Cuvier, taken from specimens in the Paris Museum, and with the figure of one of these specimens given by M. Vieillot in his Galerie des Oiseaux;' and Mr. Bennett then refers to the figure given by M. Spix in his 'Birds of Brazil,' as the young of this species, which resembles M. Vieillot's in its form, except that the legs are extremity of the tail. In colour it is rather of a darker longer and thicker, and the tips of the wings reach to the brown, approaching more nearly to the Society's specimen alluded to by Mr. Bennett; the throat is light brown instead

Mr. Vigors is of opinion that this group presents us with a decidedly characteristic difference from all the other species of the family, except those of Elanus, in the internal parts of the nails being rounded instead of grooved. The culmen of the bill, he observes, is also more broad than usual and much rounded; the toes are entirely separated, and the tarsi are covered with strong, prominent, and thickly reticulated scales. The same author remarks that the wellknown Osprey of our coasts, Falco Haliatus of Linnæus, is the type of the genus to which the valuable researches of Dr. Horsfield in Java have added a second species, P. Ichthyæetus. In this species, however, which agrees with Pandion in the more essential characters, Mr. Vigors finds a strong approximation to the following genus, Haliaeetus. VOL. X.-Z

Its bill, he adds, is more compressed than that of Pandion, | its acrotarsia are scutellated, and the 4th quill feather, as in Haliaeetus, is the longest. It thus stands, in the opinion of Mr. Vigors, osculant between the two groups. For the description and natural history of Pandion Haliætus see BALD BUZZARD, vol. iii. p. 316.

The last group of the Fishing Eagles, according to Mr. Vigors, is comprised in the genus

Haliaeetus (Savigny).

Beak convex above. Nostrils lunulated, transverse. Cere sub-hispid. Tarsi semiplumed. Acrotarsia scutellated. Toes free, the external toe versatile. Claws unequal. Mr.Vigors notices the difference of this form from Pandion in the structure of the nails and the more compressed culmen of the bill; in the tarsi, also, which have the acrotarsia scutellated and are feathered half way below the knee. There are several species; for instance, F. leucocephalus, F. albicilla, R Pondicerianus, F. blagrus, F. vocifer, &c., &c.

Example, Haliaeetus leucocephalus.

our own inspection in the specimen now before us, which remained for several years in the possession of Mr. Brookes, before it was presented by him to the Society.

'During a considerable part of the time it was regarded as the Common Sea Eagle; and it was not until its gradual change of plumage had at length rendered obvious its true character, that it was ascertained to be in reality a distinct species. The same error appears frequently to have existed with regard to it; and M. Temminck observes that the only mark of distinction that can be traced in it until it has assumed the adult colouring, consists in the somewhat greater length of its tail. He might however have added its smaller size, which is probably one-fourth less than that of the preceding bird, at the same age and under similar circumstances. From the observations which we have been enabled to make upon the subject, we should be led to conclude that the period in which it attains its full growth and perfect colouring is, in this country at least and in captivity, two or three years longer than that stated by Wilson. In its immature state, that is to say about the third year, the upper parts of the head and body exhibit a mixture of Before we proceed to the description of our example, it brown and dirty white, the separate feathers having a may be necessary with Mr. Bennett's assistance to clear up ground of the latter colour, and being deeply tipped and the confusion which, as he observes, has existed in the broadly barred along the centre with the former. The synonymy of Haliaeetus albicilla, the difference of the quill-feathers and primary wing-coverts are black, with colours of the plumage in the various stages of its growth their shafts of a pale brown; the secondary are considerably having induced authors to record it under several distinct lighter; and the tail, which projects in a trifling degree benames. Three of these were almost universally admitted yond the extremities of the wings, is brown on the outer till about 26 years ago, when the result of M. F. Cuvier's quills and of a mixed white and brown on the inner. The observations on the individuals kept in the Jardin des under surface, as far backwards as the middle of the belly, Plantes led him to unite Falco ossifragus, albicaudus, and is of a much lighter shade than the upper, being of a dull albicilla of Gmelin under one name: subsequent inquiry has white, with numerous broad streaks of pale brown. In the confirmed this conclusion. In the earlier stages of life the posterior part it is of a deep brown, the feathers being only beak of H. albicilla is of a bluish horn-colour; its head and slightly margined with white. A similar hue prevails on neck deep brown; the plumage above, brownish-black mixed the upper parts of the legs, which are plumed somewhat with whitish or ash-coloured spots on the back and tail. below the knees. The beak is of a dusky brown; the cere In this state it is Falco ossifragus of systematists. About and legs of a golden yellow; the iris somewhat lighter; and the third or fourth year the head and neck become ashy- the talons deep blackish-brown. The latter are long, brown; the beak gradually changes from bluish to pale- strongly curved, of considerable power, and extremely yellow, the white spots on the back vanish, and the tail sharp at the points. The full-grown bird measures upwards becomes uniformly grayish-white. It is now Falco albicau- of three feet in length from beak to tail, and more than dus of Gmelin, Petit Pygargue of Buffon, and the Lesser seven in the expanse of its wings. Its beak is changed to a White-tailed Eagle of Latham. In its fifth year it is con e bright yellow; and its head, a greater or less proportion of to maturity, and the change is complete. The head and the neck (according as the bird is more or less advanced in neck have little of the brown tinge left, the back is through age), and the entire tail, are become perfectly white. An out of a dusky-brown intermingled with ashy-gray, and the analogous change, as we have before seen, takes place in tail is quite white. In this its perfect state it is Falco the plumage of the preceding species; but the head and albicilla, the Grande Pygargue, the White-tailed or Cine-neck of that bird always retain more or less of a brownish reous Eagle. In all the stages of this, The Great Sea Eagle, tinge, seldom changing fully into grey, and never turning which inhabits nearly the whole of Europe and of Northern completely white. These observations have been made Asia, the cere and naked parts of the legs are yellow; the upon numerous individuals, many of them placed for upunder part of the body is of a lighter hue than the upper, wards of ten years under the eyes of various scientific oband more thickly interspersed with pale cinereous spots; servers: their accuracy may therefore be regarded as unthe claws are completely black. (Gardens and Menagerie questionable. The remainder of the plumage in this state of the Zool. Soc. delineated, vol. ii.) is of a deep brown, approaching to black, and strongly contrasted with the head and tail. The colour of the legs, feet, and talons remains nearly the same; but the iris generally continues to assume a lighter and a lighter hue. The eyes, it should be observed, are deeply sunk in the head, and instead of being placed in a line parallel with that of the cheeks, are directed forwards, so as to form with them a considerable angle.'

We now return to Haliaeetus leucocephalus, the Sea Eagle, Bald Eagle, White-headed Eagle, the symbol of the United States of America.

Mr. Bennett, in the work last quoted, remarks, that in the earlier stages of its growth there is little to distinguish this species from the Great Sea Eagle. M. Vieillot, indeed, following the example of Daudin, has united the White-headed Eagle to the list of synonyms of the Great Sea Eagle. That such a union,' writes Mr. Bennett, is founded upon insufficient data is proved by the gradual development in the bird under consideration of a character which, after a certain age, at once distinguishes it from the remainder of its tribe. This character consists in the pure whiteness of its head and neck, from whence it has derived the popular but inappropriate title of the Bald Eagle, by which it is most commonly known.' The young are clothed at first with a thick whitish or cream-coloured cotton-like down, and they become gradually gray as the development of the true plumage goes on. In the third year the white may be traced upon the head, neck, tailcoverts, and tail; and by the end of the fourth year these parts become completely white, or sometimes tinged slightly with cream-colour. The eye, which is at first hazel, changes to a brilliant straw-colour as the head whitens (Wilson). "This account of the metamorphoses in colour of the whiteheaded sea eagle,' says Mr. Bennett, derived from the personal observations of the accurate author of the American Ornithology, has been in a great measure verified under

Habits, Food, Reproduction.-The reader will find in the article BALD BUZZARD an account of the robberies committed by the Bald Eagle on the latter: nor are its acts of plunder confined to that bird, for it will rob the vultures, and even, in hard times, make them disgorge their carrion to satiate its appetite. According to Audubon, it will strike down a swan and other aquatic birds, and now and then procure fish for itself by pursuing them in shallow creeks; it also devours young pigs, lambs, fawns, and putrid flesh of every description. Niagara is one of its favourite haunts, where it watches for the swollen carcasses that the cataract has precipitated down the falls. Wilson saw one seated on a dead horse, keeping a whole flock of vultures at a distance till it had satisfied itself; and, on another occasion, when many thousands of tree-squirrels had been drowned in their migration across the Ohio; and had collected hosts of vultures, the sudden appearance of a Bald Eagle sent them all off, and the eagle kept sole possession for many days.

Benjamin Franklin thus speaks of this emblem of the United States of America:- For my part, I wish the Bald

Eagle had not been chosen as the representative of our | Appisk-Meekeeshew (Black-headed Eagle-immature bird), country. He is a bird of bad moral character; he does not and Meekeeseeseesh (Yearling birds) of the Cree Indians.

get his living honestly. You may have seen him perched on some dead tree, where, too lazy to fish for himself, he watches the labours of the fishing-hawk; and when that diligent bird has at length taken a fish, and is bearing it to his nest for the support of his mate and young ones, the Bald Eagle pursues him and takes it from him. With all this injustice, he is never in good case, but, like those among men who live by sharping and robbing, he is generally poor, and often very lousy. Besides, he is a rank coward: the little King-Bird, not bigger than a sparrow, attacks him boldly, and drives him out of the district. He is therefore by no means a proper emblem for the brave and honest Cincinnati of America, who have driven all the King Birds from our country; though exactly fit for that order of knights which the French call Chevaliers d'Industrie.'

With regard to the Reproduction, M. Audubon says that incubation commences in the beginning of January. He shot a female on the 17th of that month, as she sat on her eggs, in which the chicks had made great progress. The nest,' says that author, which in some instances is of great size, is usually placed on a very tall tree, destitute of branches to a considerable height, but by no means always a dead one. It is never seen on rocks. It is composed of sticks from three to five feet in length, large pieces of turf, ank weeds, and Spanish moss in abundance, whenever that substance happens to be near. When finished, it meaures from five to six feet in diameter, and so great is the accumulation of materials, that it sometimes measures the same in depth, it being occupied for a great number of years in succession, and receiving some augmentation each seaWhen placed in a naked tree, between the forks of the branches, it is conspicuously seen at a great distance. The eggs, which are from two to four, more commonly two or three, are of a dull white colour, and equally rounded at both ends, some of them being occasionally granulated. Incubation lasts for more than three weeks, but I have not been able to ascertain its precise duration, as I have observed the female on different occasions sit for a few days in the nest before laying the first egg. Of this I assured myself by climbing to the nest every day in succession, during her temporary absence.' (Ornithological Biography, vol. i.)

son.

Head and foot of Haliaeetus leucocephalus.

Haliaeetus Ponticerianus, Falco Ponticerianus of Latham,
Colonel Sykes notes among the birds of Dukhun (Deccan)
Bruhmuny Kite of the Europeans in India. The Colonel
says that it is seen constantly passing up and down rivers
at a considerable height, but prepared to fall at an instant
casionally dips entirely under water, appearing to rise again
on its prey. Usually it seizes while on the wing, but oc-
with difficulty. It is quite a mistake, he adds, to suppose it
feeds on carrion. On the examination of the stomach and
and fish only, excepting on one occasion, when a crab was
craw of many specimens, the contents were found to be fish,
met with. (Zool. Proc., April, 1832.)

Chilian Sea-eagle, now (1837) in the gardens of the Zoo-
There is a beautiful specimen of Haliaeetus Aguia,

Locality.-In every part of the United States of America, seldom appearing, according to Audubon, in very mountainous districts, but preferring the low lands of the seashores, those of the larger lakes, and the borders of rivers. Mr. Bennett remarks, that the White-headed Eagle is usually spoken of as inhabiting the northern parts both of the old and new continent; but that it appears to be only a rare and occasional visitant of the former. It is probable, he adds, that some of the varieties of the Common Sea-Eagle of this quarter of the globe have been frequently mistaken for it, and remarks, that throughout nearly the whole of North America, on the contrary, where the European species seems to be unknown, it is met with in great abundance. Dr. Richardson says that it is the earliest of the summer visitors to the fur countries, and the period of its arrival has given the name of Meekeeshew espeeshim, or Eagle Moon, to the month of March. Temminck,' says Dr. Richardson (Fauna Boreali-Americana), assigns for its habitual resi-logical Society, in the Regent's Park; and there is a spedence the regions within the Arctic Circle; and Wilson observes, that it is found at all seasons in the countries it inhabits. Both these assertions however require, I apprehend, to be taken with considerable latitude. on the late expeditions, meet with it to the north of the We did not, Great Slave Lake (62° N. lat.), although it is common in the summer, in the country extending from thence to Lake Superior, and its breeding-places in the latter district are numerous. But in the month of October, when the rivers from which it draws its principal supply of food are frozen over, it entirely quits the Hudson's Bay lands; and if, after that period, it is to be seen in the northern regions, it can only be on the sea-coast, and for a limited time, while the sea continues unfrozen. It is known to breed as far south as Virginia, but its nests do not appear to be so common within any part of the United States as they are in the fur countries.' The bird is not mentioned in the Supplement to Captain (now Sir W. E.) Parry's First Voyage, nor in that to Captain (now Sir John) Ross's Last Voyage.

This bird is the Meekeeshew (name for the species), Wapustiquan-Meekeeshew (White-headed Eagle-mature bird),

cimen of Haliaeetus vocifer, the Fishing Eagle of the Cape
colonists, in the South African Museum, now (1837) exhibit-
met with in the neighbourhood of the sea, or upon the banks
ing in the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. The last bird is only
stated that Aquila vulturina, also in the Museum, resorts
of large rivers. See the interesting Catalogue, where it is also
exclusively to high rugged mountains, where it preys upon
the Hyrax Capensis-the Dassie of the Cape colonists.
that Aquila Verraux of Lesson is synonymous with Aquila
Dr. Smith (Zool. Proc., April, 1833) had previously stated
vulturina, which had recently been described by M. Lesson
as a Haliaeetus, but that it has however none of the habits
of the Fishing Eagles, inhabiting the highest and most
rocky mountains, preying principally upon the animal
added that the error probably arose from the white back
mentioned in the Catalogue. In the 'Proceedings' it is
being concealed, in stuffed specimens, by the wings.
Leaving the Fishing Eagles, Mr. Vigors proceeds to
Circaetus. (Vieillot.)

Beak convex above. Nostrils lunulate, transverse.
Cere subhispid. Tarsi elongated, naked. Acrotarsia re-