Ireland declared for the Restoration several months before England was ripe. Lord Broghill and Sir Charles Coote led the way. The royalists, Lord Montgomery, Sir Oliver St. George, and others, having assembled at Dublin, on pretence of petitioning, possessed themselves, by a sudden and desperate effort, of the castle of Dublin (Jan. 1660), seized Colonel John Jones, one of the regicides, and other zealous republicans, and delared for a free parliament. Sir Charles Coote, anxious to ingratiate himself, seized Galway, and the royalists of other quarters possessed themselves of Youghall, Clonmel, Carlow, Limerick, and Drogheda. Ludlow, one of the most resolute of the republicans, attempted, but in vain, to incite the garrisons on behalf of the officers of the army who had seized the government in London. Sir Hardress Waller possessed himself of the castle of Dublin, where the royalists besieged him, and, after five days, sent him prisoner to England.

CHAPTER IX

CHARLES LAKK

THE reign of Charles Lecala Ormond, amidst the cias c royal closet, as the honest me ment, and, while the Papa Fre their several immune.

,

to fill up the vacaL1 ABOUTS TIL of the clergy. This excelent jerr himself recovered his are parliament £30,000, WE TEL 31 ford-lieutenant. Lord Brogl Orrery; and Sir Charles Co,

The difficulty of the hourly 1 property of Ireland. Many of the disclaimed their allegiance, nor met IL kingdom to the Pope or the case of air

claimed to reprise, or recover, the Iwell had taken away; and tribuak were to try the question of their innocene Of new interest also arose of soldiers w before Cromwell's landing, called for expecting compensation for ther these were nominees, special object and ensign-men, who had serve not lands enough to satis tuber venturers and Cromwell discontent, some 1 wer nothing, and, in vru

sible in su dew

follower g

expunction

bellion innum,

riginal

ormous

o Lord marle ; uke of

36,148 ,649 to utmost nd were

Loyance.

imph of pon the persons ts, were another r penalimerick t to be e not to

iny Proit of five

persons (those of feit two r (7 Will. mmitted ide good

., c. 1), all

1. The Roman Catholics should enjoy their former privileges in religion. 2. All persons actually in arms should incur no forfeitures. 5. They should also receive a general pardon. 6. They should also be liable to no private actions; with others of the usual nature, amounting altogether to forty-two. These articles received the confirmation of parliament. (9 William III., § 2.)

CHAPTER X.

THE PENAL LAWS.

THE forfeitures incurred by what was called rebellion amounted to 1,060,792 acres, worth, per annum, £211,623. Some of these were restored to the original proprietors, and of the rest William made enormous grants to his own favourites, especially 49,517 to Lord Rumney; 108,633 to Van Keppel, Lord Albemarle ; 135,820 to William Bentinck, afterwards duke of Portland; 26,480 to Ginckel, earl of Athlone; 36,148 to Henry de Massue, earl of Galway; and 95,649 to Elizabeth Villiers. These grants excited the utmost jealousy in the English House of Commons, and were resumed by them, to William's great annoyance. (11 & 12 Wm. III.)

Another consequence of the war and the triumph of the Protestants showed itself in new penalties upon the late enemy. By one act (7 Will. III., c. 4), persons sending children abroad, to be trained as Papists, were deprived of civil rights, and forfeited. By another (7 Will. III., c. 5), Papists were disarmed under penalties, the persons protected by the articles of Limerick being excepted; Popish apprentices were not to be taken by manufacturers of arms; Papists were not to keep a horse above five pounds in value, and any Protestant might take a Papist's horse on payment of five guineas. By another (7 Will. III., c. 14), all persons refusing to work upon pretended saints' days (those of the church of England excepted), should forfeit two shillings to the poor of the parish. By another (7 Will. III., c. 21, and 9 Will. III., c. 9), robberies committed by tories, robbers, and rapparees, must be made good by the inhabitants. By another (9 Will. III., c. 1), all

Papists exercising any ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and all regulars (monks) of the Popish clergy, were banished the kingdom, under the penalties of high treason; all persons concealing them were condemned to graduated penalties; burials, also, in suppressed monasteries, were forbidden. By another, any Protestant woman (9 Will. III., c. 3) marrying a Papist, should lose her property of inheritance or dower, to go to the next of kin; and any man marrying a Papist was subjected to disabilities. By another (9 Will. III., c. 5), convictions and attainders not pardoned before 27th July, 1697 (the articles of Limerick excepted), could not be pardoned at all: from the operation of this act twenty-one peers and gentlemen were excepted. By another (10 Will. III., c. 13), Papists should not practise as solicitors. These were the results of a state of hostility, and at the same time, of course, prolonged hostile feelings.

The parliament that passed these acts was Protestant. In 1691 the parliament of England had passed an act (3 Will. III., c. 2) imposing the oaths of allegiance and supremacy on peers of Ireland, and members of the Irish House of Commons, together with a declaration against transubstantiation, the invocation or adoration of the Virgin Mary or any other saint, and the sacrifice of the mass. The same oaths were imposed on all persons in any employment, ecclesiastical, civil, or military, members of colleges, barristers, and professors (persons protected by the articles of Limerick excepted). Thus Protestant ascendancy was established upon a basis of law, broader and more solid than ever.

In 1698, Molyneux, a member for the university of Dublin, published a book against the imperial powers of the parliament in England; it was intituled 'The case of Ireland being bound by acts of parliament in England stated.' Independence, but only parliamentary independence, seemed, of course, a thing desirable to the Irish parliament itself; they transmitted a bill re-enact