Admissions, hurtful, 55.
Advantages of plan, 16; of climax,
21; of enthymeme, 93.
Adverse points, 169, 171.
Affirmative statement, 33.
A fortiori, 152.
Agreement, method of, 115.
Alliance with audience, 241.
Alternatives, principle of, 81; care
in choosing, 84; incorrect, 85;
two or more, 81, 82.
Ambiguity, fallacy of, 105.
Analogy, 158; and induction, 162;
argumentative, 163; false, 167;
fanciful, 171; illustrative, 165;
in proverbs, 167; use of, 166;
varying force in, 166.
Analysis, need of, 26, 122.
ANDERSON, DR. M. B., quoted, 45.
Antecedent probability, argument
from, 124, 125; and sign, 182;
in common affairs, 137; in crimi-
nal cases, 137; in drama, 136;
in fiction, 133; in science, 129;
on both sides, 140; place in or-
der of proofs, 200; preponder-
ance of, 141; varying force of,
ANTIPHON, 125.
A posteriori, 124, 199.
Appeal, personal, 218, 259; direct,
260; low, 237; to motives, 236;
to passions, 104, 216, 237.
Application of principles, 150.
A priori, 124, 199.
Arguing universal, 4, 142.
Argument, 26, 73; body of, 26;
classes of, 73-190; deductive,
88; demonstrative, 73; from an-
tecedent probability, 124; from
example, 146; from sign, 173; in-
direct, 78; inductive, 108; prob-
able, 73.
Arguments combined, 183; se-
quence of, 190.
Argumentation defined (introduc-
tion); and exposition (intro-
duction); equipment for (in-
troduction); field of (introduc-
tion); preparation for, (intro-
duction); use of (introduction).
Argumentative analogies, 163; pe-
roration, 256.
Argumentum ad hominem, 102; ad
populum, 103; a fortiori, 152;
a posteriori, 124, 199; a priori,
124, 199.
Babcock conspiracy, 65.
BACON, FRANCIS, 58.
BAIN, A., quoted, 239.
BALFOUR, A. J., quoted, 96.
BALLANTINE, W., quoted, 76, 101.
Bank of France, 156.
Bare assertion, 71.
BARRÉ, COL., 167.
BASCOM, JOHN, quoted, 238, 241.
Basis of experience, 129, 146; of
force, 73; of induction, 109; of
logic, 88; of resemblance, 146;
of source, 124; of use,
BEACONSFIELD, EARL, 143.
Brevity of introduction, 10; of
plan, 16.
BRECKINRIDGE, GEN., quoted, 240.
BROOKS, PHILLIPS, quoted, 14, 216,
251.
BROWN, JOHN, 252.
BROUGHAM, LORD, quoted, 253, 263.
Brutus's speech, 215.
Buford case, 240.
Bumble-bees, 110.
Burden of proof, 33; defined, 34;
law of, 34; located, 34.
BURKE, EDMUND, 17, 19, 23, 33, 34,
81, 87, 205, 206, 211, 215, 243, 253,
255, 260.
BURKE, quoted, 17, 19, 24, 25, 33, 34,
59, 82, 84, 89, 92, 103, 146, 147,
170, 194, 202, 227, 231, 244, 246,
267.
BURKE's argumentum ad hominem,
103; antecedent probabilities,
127; deductions, 89; details, 244;
dilemmas, 84; examples, 147;
motives, 235; order of argu-
ments, 202; partitions, 144; pe-
rorations, 256; persuasion, 216,
225; plans, 17, 19; recapitula-
tions, 205; refutations, 206; syl-
logisms, 91; transitions, 23, 25;
use of silence, 59.
BYRON, LORD, 47, 94.
Calhoun, J. C., 184.
CAMDEN, LORD, 51.
CAMERARIUS, 155.
Canals, 155.
Canons, Mill's, 114.
Care in introduction, 6.
CAROLINE, QUEEN, 253, 263.
Cases not alike, 155.
Cause and effect, 22, 113; mutuality
of, 122; assumed, 143.
Certainty, absolute, 73; moral, 73;
practical, 75.
Chains of reasoning, 96.
Character of proposition, 70; of
speaker, 241; of witness, 45.
Characterizing subject, 7.
CHATHAM, LORD, quoted, 261.
Chester, 202.
CHEEVER, H. B., quoted, 98.
Chicago Herald, quoted, 255.
CHOATE, R., quoted, 219, 220.
CICERO, 223, 230, 253.
Circulus in probando, 98.
Circumstances overestimated, 65;
conflicting, 69.
Cumulative argument, 188.
Dartmouth College Case, 7,
221, 252.
DARWIN, CHARLES, 35, 75, 110, 132;
quoted, 110.
Debate, proposition in, 29; pre-
sumption in, 39.
Decorum in speaker, 242.
Deduction, 2, 15, 88, 124; and in-
duction, 114, 121, 123; fallacies
in, 97-108; not persuasion, 244.
Circumstantial evidence, 31, 42, 61, Deductive, 15; argument, 88, 124.
Clan-na-gael, 55.
Classes of arguments, 73, 190.
Climax arrangement, 13, 14, 21; in
arguments, 204; in persuasion,
253.
COLLINS, W. C., 58, 81.
Combined arguments, 183.
Complete method, 114.
CONAN DOYLE, quoted, 14, 75.
Conclusion, 3, 4, 19, 26, 255; irrele
vant, 101, 103; purpose of, 255;
when omitted, 255.
Concomitant variations, 116.
Concrete, value of, 247.
Concurrent testimony, 59.
Condition, effect to, 180.
Conflicting circumstances, 69; mo-
Conflict, irreconcilable, 70.
Confusion of terms, 102.
Consciousness, testimony of, 43.
Contradictory testimony, 67.
Conviction, 1, 2; and persuasion,
2, 215, 220.
Coördination, 12, 14.
Corroboration, 188.
Counter-presumption, 40.
Credibility of witness, 44; destroy-
ing, 67.
Critic, The, quoted,'72.
DEFOE, DANIEL, 57.
Defective senses, 75.
Definition, 29, applied, 150; exam-
ples of, 31; logical, 29; quali-
ties of, 30.
Democratic party, 185; convention,
Demogague and statesman, 227.
DEMOSTHENES, 253.
Demonstrative argument, 89.
Description, 244.
Destroying credibility, 67.
Destructive dilemma, 83.
Details, indications, 116; presen-
tation of, 244; too many, 246.
DEXTER, SAMUEL, 197.
Dial, The, quoted, 211.
DICKENS, CHARLES, 134, 148.
Difference, ignoring the, 155;
method of, 115.
Different arguments, 200; use of,
81; minds, 200; subjects, 200.
Difficulty in refuting, 213.
Dilemma, destructive, 83; fallacies
in, 85; in Burke, 84; in Hux-
ley, 84.
Direct appeal, 260; argument, 77;
evidence, 61; and indirect, 82.
Directing feeling, 238.
Discourse, parts of, 5.
Discoveries, effects of, 117, 171.
Discrediting witness, 68.
Discrepancies, 59.
ed, 220, 222.
Empiric fact, 112.
English literature, 80.
Enthymeme, 91, 93; advantages of,
93.
Epithet, question-begging, 30, 100.
Equivocation, 105.
ERSKINE, LORD, 30, 44, 68, 152.
Evangelists, 60.
Evidence, 27; and proof, 27; best,
41, circumstantial, 31, 62, 76;
defined, 41; direct, and in-
direct, 61; improbable, 67; rare,
42; testimonial, 62, 76; trust-
worthy, 43.
Evolution, 70, 83, 132, 203.
Example, 124, 146-174; argument,
from, 124, 146; and induction,
146, 148; fallacies in, 154; in
common affairs, 150; in law
cases, 151; real and fictitious,
149; single, 148, 204; succession
of, 186; too few, 154; varying
force of, 153.
Exordium (see introduction) 4-11.
Experience as basis, 37, 129, 146, 189.
Experiment, 3.
Experimental verification, 3.
Expert testimony, 48; care in re-
ceiving, 50.
Exposition, 1, 29; in argumenta-
tion, 196.
Fable, 145, 149.
Fabricated story, 55, 59.
Fact and feeling, 13, 216; and
opinion, 41, 43, 44; as evi-
dence, 41; empiric, 112; impor-
tance of, 179.
Fairness to opponent, 209.
Fallacies, in antecedent proba-
bility, 142; in deduction, 97,
108; in example, 154; in in-
duction, 114-122; in sign, 180;
material, 143.
False analogies, 167.
Favorable presumption, 35.
Feeling, exhibition of, 243; how
aroused, 216; must be genuine,
218, 242.
Fiction, argument based on, 144;
probability in, 133, 149.
Fictitious example, 149.
Field murder, 55, 98.
Field of argument, 4; persuasion,
219; thought, 22.
FIZEAU, 153.
FLOWER, GOVERNOR, quoted, 41.
Following other speaker, 8, 206.
Force, basis of, 73; in argument,
in arrangement, 192; pas-
sage on, 25; reserved, 248; vary-
ing, 37, 76, 145, 153, 166, 177,
Forced testimony, 54.
FOUCAULT, 153.
Four Evangelists, 60.
FOWLER, PROFESSOR, quoted, 121,
129, 131.
Fox, C. J., 210.
FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP, 76, 77.
Inconsistent testimony, 67.
Grouping material, 17, 20; princi- Incredible evidence, 67.
Hard times, 128, 180.
HART, J. M., quoted, 112, 159, 167.
Hastings trial, 231, 263, 267.
Helmhold case, 230.
HENRY, PATRICK, 159, 230.
HEPBURN, PROFESSOR, quoted, 81.
HERODOTUS, quoted, 48.
High schools, 211.
HILL, PROFESSOR A. S., quoted, 98,
116, 142, 151, 159, 201, 252.
Holmes, Sherlock, 79.
HUGO, VICTOR, quoted, 84, 136.
HUXLEY, THOMAS, 7, 30, 34, 35, 36,
42, 62, 70, 72, 142, 176, 183;
quoted, 3, 63, 70, 72, 84, 112, 117,
123, 124, 132, 160, 174, 224.
Huxley's analogies, 160; defini-
tions, 30, 62; dilemmas, 84;
introductions, 224; order of
Indirect argument, 78; evidence,
Induction, 15, 108; and analogy,
162; deduction, 114, 121, 123;
example, 146, 148; basis of,
109; cautious in, 121; fallacies
in, 118; imperfect, 109; loose,
111; perfect, 109; scientific, 111.
INGERSOLL, R., quoted, 165.
Innovator, 206.
Instances of authority, 52; indirect
argument, 86; number of, 109;
too few, 118.
Intellectual powers, 45; and emo-
tions, 250.
Interested witnesses, 48.
Interpretation of sign, 42, 177.
Introduction, 4, 6, 18; omitted, 3, 8;
personal, 8; persuasive, 223;
purpose of, 6; qualities of, 6,
9, 10; style of, 11; time of writ-
ing, 11.
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