The Invention of the White Race, Volume 1When the first Africans arrived in Virginia in 1619, there were no "white" people there; nor, according to colonial records, would there be for another sixty years. Historical debate about the origin of racial slavery has focused on the status of the Negro in seventeenth-century Virginia and Maryland. However, as Theodore W. Allen argues in this magisterial work, what needs to be studied is the transformation of English, Scottish, Irish and other European colonists from their various statuses as servants, tenants, planters or merchants into a single new all-inclusive status: that of whites. This is the key to the paradox of American history, of a democracy resting on race assumptions. Volume One of this two-volume work attempts to escape the "white blind spot" which has distorted consecutive studies of the issue. It does so by looking in the mirror of Irish history for a definition of racial oppression and for an explanation of that phenomenon in terms of social control, free from the absurdities of classification by skin color. Compelling analogies are presented between the history of Anglo-Irish and British rule in Ireland and American White Supremacist oppression of Indians and African-Americans. But the relativity of race is shown in the sea change it entailed, whereby emigrating Irish haters of racial oppression were transformed into White Americans who defended it. The reasons for the differing outcomes of Catholic Emancipation and Negro Emancipation are considered and occasion is made to demonstrate Allen's distinction between racial and national oppression. |
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Page 69
... social control in the colony was to be reduced to manageable proportions . The proper one - to - ten ratio of military forces to subject population could be maintained , the 150,000 ... SOCIAL CONTROL AND THE INTERMEDIATE STRATA : IRELAND 69.
... social control in the colony was to be reduced to manageable proportions . The proper one - to - ten ratio of military forces to subject population could be maintained , the 150,000 ... SOCIAL CONTROL AND THE INTERMEDIATE STRATA : IRELAND 69.
Page 104
... social control from one of racial oppression to one of national oppression . Outside Ulster , the last hurrah of the yeomanry was a lament for the Protestant intermediate social control stratum . 91 Nor could the problem any longer be ...
... social control from one of racial oppression to one of national oppression . Outside Ulster , the last hurrah of the yeomanry was a lament for the Protestant intermediate social control stratum . 91 Nor could the problem any longer be ...
Page 306
... social control doctrine 68 , 134 , 148-9 , 256 n.100 Pitt , William ( 1759–1806 ) 94–5 Plantation bourgeoisie : Anglo - American colonial 1 , 16 , 18 , 24 , 80-81 , 279 n.9 ; " Mulatto " social control policy 12-14 ; " white race " social ...
... social control doctrine 68 , 134 , 148-9 , 256 n.100 Pitt , William ( 1759–1806 ) 94–5 Plantation bourgeoisie : Anglo - American colonial 1 , 16 , 18 , 24 , 80-81 , 279 n.9 ; " Mulatto " social control policy 12-14 ; " white race " social ...
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Ireland | 52 |
Protestant Ascendancy and White Supremacy | 71 |
Copyright | |
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abolition abolitionism abolitionist acres African African-American bond-laborers African-Americans Anglo-America Anglo-Irish Anglo-Norman Anti-slavery Belfast bourgeoisie British Catholic bourgeoisie Catholic Emancipation Catholic Irish Celtic chieftains Church cited civil continental Daniel O'Connell Degler derbfine Dublin economic edited eighteenth century England European European-Americans Exodusters force Gaelic Henry historian Hughes Ibid immigrants Ireland Irish Catholic Irish History Irish-Americans James John Jordan king laboring-class land landlords leader Lecky Lord Moryson Mountjoy native Irish Negro noted O'Connell's Parliament Parliamentary Penal Laws plantation bourgeoisie plantation colonies plantation of Ulster political population principle Protestant Ascendancy racial oppression racial privileges racial slavery racism rebellion Repeal Repeal Association ruling class Scotland Scots slave slaveholders slavery social control social control stratum Society Southern status system of social tenants thousand tithe trade tribal Tyrone Ulster Union United Virginia vols London wage West Indies White over Black white supremacy William workers York York Draft Riots