Solemnize, x. 4, solemn rite (a subst.)

Sooth, iii. 29, truth; so soothsayer. A.S. sóð.

Souce, v. 8, to dash violently, the same word as souse.

Souse, iii. 31, to immerse; especially in salt water; from Lat. salsum,

Dut. soute.

Sowne, i. 41, sound; also written soun, soune.

Fr. son, It. suon, Lat. sonus. So Chaucer spells it, Boke of the Duchesse, 162, “That made a dedely slepynge soune."

Sperse, i. 39; iv. 48, disperse. Lat. spargere, sparsus.

Spill, iii. 43, to ravage. To spill and to spoil are not the same word: spill is from A.S. spillan, to waste, destroy; spoil, from Lat. spoliare, to take away the dress or armour, to strip. Chaucer's phrase is "that ye may save or spille." Clerkes Tale, iii. 55.

Spoused, x. 4, betrothed.

Spred, xii. 11, to spread himself over, cover.
Spy, ii. 17, espial, keen looking and espying.

Stadle, vi. 14, staff, prop (wherewith to stay his feet); from A.S. staðol, foundation, stede-dæl. Richardson, Dict., v. staddle, says, "anything that remains standing, as young trees left uncut, and (as in Spenser) a staff cut from such trees.'

Starke, i. 44, stiffened.

Stayre, iv. 13, step.

Sted, iv. 2; viii. 17; ix. 41; xi. 46, place; so "in my stead" is still used. A.S. stede, place, as in home-stead, bed-stead, stedfast, steady. Possibly the corresponding stepfather, brother, &c., as they are found in Danish, stedfader, stedbroder, &c. come hence; or from A. S. steopan, to bereave. Stew, xi. 44, hot, steaming place. Fr. to estuver, to stew, or bathe; estuve, stove. Again A.S. stofa, bath or stove; Ger. stube, from the Low Lat. stuba. Stint, ix. 29, to put an end to, used of strife. So stunted is used of trees whose growth is stopped. A.S. stintan, to be blunt, dull, faint. Stole, i. 4; xii. 22, a long robe; not the strip of black silk used in the English Church by ministering clergy.

Stound, vii, 25; viii. 12, 25, 38; xi. 36, a minute, or portion of time. A.S. stund, a short space of time, from the verb standan; Ger. Stund, an hour.

Stoup, xi. 18, swoop, or stoop; used particularly in falconry, of a hawk swooping down upon a bird. So Ben Jonson, Alchemist, v. 3, has "Here stands my dove: stoop at her, if you dare." Connected with stoop, steep. Stowre, ii. 7; iii. 30; iv. 46; v. 51; vii. 12; viii. 5; x. 40, disturbance, stir as of battle. A.S. styrian, to stir, move; Old Norsk stúror, sorrow, disturbance; Scottish stour, din of battle.

Stub, ix. 34, stock of tree; so our verb 'to stub up,' of roots, and stubble. Stye, xi. 25, to mount, ascend. A.S. stig, a path; stígan, to ascend. Connected with this are our words stage, stalk, stile (stigel), stair, stirrup story (of a house): Horne Tooke adds stag to this list, by reason of his lofty head. Ger. steigen, Dan. stige. Sty in the eye is a swelling or rising. Spenser himself, in his View of the State of Ireland, says, "the stirrup was so called, in scorn, as it were a stay to get up; being derived from the Old Engl. word sty, which is to get up or mount."

Suffised, ii. 43, satisfied.

Sup, iv. 22, drink. A.S. sipan, to sip.

Suspect, vi. 13, suspicion.

Swayne, viii. 13, youth, properly a labourer; from A.S. swán, a herdsman, servant, from swincan, to labour, to swink; so in Dan. svend, youth, servant, journeyman; so in boatswain, coxswain.

Swelt. vii. 6, swelled, or sweltered. A.S. swélan, to be hot, burn, to sweal (of a candle).

Swinge, xi. 26, to singe. Or it may mean to strike, from A.S. swingan, to beat, strike.

T.

Table, ix. 49, picture. Fr. tableau, Lat. tabula; so in the phrase "the table of Apelles ;" it was "a pictured table, representing on one side the beauty of sobriety, on the other the deformity of drunkenness." Bailey's Dict., table. So Spinelly (1515) writes of a “table for an awter, made by the best master in the land." So Britomart (Faery Queene, III. iv. 10) vows to Neptune "a table," if she is saved. Tackles, xii. 42, tackling, rigging. Talaunts, xi. 41, talons. Fr. talon. Teade, xii. 37, torch. Lat. taeda.

66

We still talk of a fisherman's tackle.

Teene (or tyne), ix. 34; xii. 18, trouble, sorrow; so Shepheards Cal., xi. 41, my wofull teene;" from A.S. teón, injury, teonan, tynan, to vex, anger. (Connected with A.S. tyndan, to kindle, Dut. teenen, Dan. tænde, Ger. zunden; hence also tinder, and to tine or tind a candle.)

Tell, iv. 27, count; so we speak of telling beads,' the tale of sheep,' a tally, House of Commons tellers. A.S. tellan, to count. Then, x. 10, than.

Thenforth, ii. 40, thenceforth; but the reading is doubtful.

Thewes, ix. 3; x. 4, qualities, manners. So Chaucer, Marchaundes Tale, 298. A.S. beáw, that which distinguishes or perfects, habits, behaviour; in the pl., manners, morals. The erroneous usage = strength, or muscle, is perhaps connected with A.S. þeob, a thigh; or the phrase 'thewes and sinews,' may have originally signified skill and strength.' Tho, i. 18; v. 11; xi. 42, then. Old Engl. do, da, dag; A.S. þonne. Thorough, i. 32; x. I, through. A.S. purb, or þorb, Ger. durch. Connected with A.S. duru, or þuru, a door, Ger. Thür. In Dutch, door is both door (subst.) and through (prepos.) In Old Engl. thorrucke is used for door. Chaucer, Person's Tale, has "Ydlenesse is the thorrucke of all wycked thoughtes;" whence the word thorough (through) comes directly. The adj. thorough has the same stem-meaning.

Thrall, ii. 22; v. 45; vii. 44; viii. 1, 32, 37, slave, prisoner. A.S. þræl, bondman; so thraldom. Probably connected with A.S. þirel, a hole, drill; þirlian, to pierce, thrill, drill, whence also thurh, through. It may refer to the notion of stringing things together by drilling holes through them, or from the Eastern custom of boring the ear. Ex. 21.6; Ps. 40. 6, "Mine ears hast thou opened" (digged, literally), in sign of slavery. See Richardson, Dict., v. Thrall.

Thrill, iii. 42; x. 19, thrillant (part.), xi. 21, to pierce; so nostril is nose-
thrill (Chaucer spells it nose-thurles), the hole pierced through the nose.
See Thrall.

Thristy, v. 15, thirsty (by metathesis).

Throw, x. 41, throe, pang. A. S. thréa, threag, pain.

Tide, ii. 29, time, while. A.S. tid, time, whence tidan, to betide; Ger.
Zeit; so Shepheards Cal. Ecl. x. 117, "troublous tydes." It comes to
signify sea tides, from the times, or set seasons, of their recurrence.
Timely, iv. 4, in their time: the timely hours,' the hours as they duly
passed.

6

Tire, iv. 35, tier, a rank or row. Fr. tirer, to draw.

Tire, viii. 46; x. 31, 39, attire, dress; generally applied to head-dress;
cp. tiara.
A. S. tyr, a Persian head-dress. So 2 Kings 9. 30, Jezebel
"tired her head;" and Levit. 16. 4, "with the linen mitre shall he be
attired." Possibly connected with Ger. zieren. Attire in O. Fr. is atour,
attour, a woman's hood or head-dress.

Top, vii. 29, head.
Tort, xii. 4, wrong.
Toy, vi. 28, pastime.

(Cp. cop, a head).

Fr. tort; used in law.

Richardson thinks from A.S. tawian, to till, prepare
(of hides, so Dan. touge); Dut. toyen, touwen, to dress, ornament. Goth.
taujan, to give alms, thence to please, seems to contain the root. Or
perhaps connected with Dan. töve, to tarry, loiter, as one lingers with
what one loves.

Trace, viii. 31, walk, follow on the track. So in America, 'to make
tracks,' to walk off.

Tract, i. 11; iii. 10, trace, the footing of man or beast. Fr. trait, Lat.
tractus, trabo.

Traine, iii. 24; ix. 31, train, anything drawn out in length; and so i. 18;
viii. 17; xi. 37, it means tail. Fr. trainer. Traine, i. 18; iii. 24, trap,
or snare. We speak of 'laying a train to catch a person.' Lat. trabere.
Transmew, vii. 35, transmute. Fr. transmuer, Lat. transmutare. See Mew.
Treachour, iv. 41; ix. 32, traitor. Fr. triche, tricberie, to cheat, cheating,
trick, treachery.

Treën, ii. 39; vii. 26, adj. of trees. So ashen,''eughen,' of the ash, the
yew. It is not probable that Spenser meant to revive the old gen. pl. of
the subst. tree,' or 'tre.'

Trenchand, i. 17; xi. 24, sharp cutting. Fr. trancher, now written
trenchant, after the more modern Fr. part. pres. Our word trench (tranché)
is from the same; perhaps from Lat. truncus, cut off.

Trinall, xii. 39, belonging to the number three, threefold. Fr. trin, Lat.
trinalis, trinus.

Triplicity, xii. 39, quality of being threefold.

Fr. triplicité, Lat. tri-
plicitas, tres and plicare. It here refers to the harmonies of angelic song,
the angels being marshalled in triples. See note on xii. 39.

"And how the signs in their triplicities,

By sympathizing in their trine consents," &c.

Drayton's Man in the Moon.

The word treble, used of the last or highest part in music, is also from
triple.

Truncked, viii. 10, truncated, having had its top, or limbs lopped off; so a truncated cone' is one from the top of which a slice has been cut off. Lat. truncus, maimed.

6

Tway, vii. 27, twain, as in the phrase in twain.'

Twyfold, v. 28, twofold; used of a team of horses driven two and two.
Tyne, ix. 15 (see Teene), anxiety, toil, pain.
Tyrannesse, v. 46, female tyrant.

U.

Ugly, ix. 48, horrible, fearful (of crime).

A.S. un- and béd a prayer.

Unacquainted, v. 21, unusual, with which one is not acquainted.
Unbid, ix. 54, without a prayer.
Uncouth, i. 15; xi. 20, unusual, properly unknown; used in this sense by
Spenser, Shepheards Cal. Ecl. ix. 60: "In hope of better that was
uncouth." A.S. uncú, from cunnan, to know; so selcouth, in Early
Engl. seldom known, rarely known, uncommon. The later sense of

awkwardness is a natural deduction.

Undight, iii. 4 (see Dight), to unfasten take off a dress or ornament.
Uneasy, v. 36, without ease, disturbed, thence restless.

Uneath, ix. 38; x. 31; xi. 4, scarcely, with difficulty, not with ease. A.S. un-eáð, uneasy; Old Engl. une-edes, with difficulty; Icel. auð, easy, and unodi, uneasy; and in Scottish, audie is an easy-going fellow. There is some doubt as to the usage of the word in xi. 4, "and seemed uneath to shake the stedfast ground," where some commentators suppose that it is a contraction for underneath. See note on xi. 4.

Unkindly, i. 26, unnatural, unlike their kind. See Kindly,
Unlich, v. 28, unlike.

Unprovided, xii. 4, unforeseen. Lat. improvisus.

Untill, xi. 4, unto, to; so til for to in Ñ. Engl., "to gang til Carlisle." Chaucer, Kn. Tale, 2106, has "Hom til Athenes." So also Dan. til, to, of place. Ger. Ziel, Goth. til. A.S. til an end, station, towards which one tends in a journey. A.S. tilean, to till the ground, comes from the A. S. adj. til, fit, suitable, leading to its object or end; whence tillage is the preparation of the ground towards its proper end, harvest.

Unthrifty, iv. 35, wicked, or unthrifty scath' may be 'ruin that wastes without care or stint.'

Unwary, xii. 25, unexpected, whereof they were not aware.

Unweeting, ii. 45; vii. 6; x. 65; xi. 29, not knowing, unconscious, unaware. A.S. witan, to wot, weet, know. See Weet.

Upstart, i. 16, started up.

Upwound, i. 15, knotted together, wound up.

Venger, iii. 20, avenger.

V.

Vew, ix. 20, appearance. Fr. vue, Lat. videre.

Vild, heading to c. iii.; ix. 46, vile; vildly, i. 20; iii. 43, vilely.

Vital, iv. 49; v. 19, having, or giving life. Lat. vitalis; vital paines, 'vital spright.'

Voyage, ix. 4, journey; as the Fr. voyage, It. viaggio.

W.

Wade, i. 12, to walk, or go. Spenser also uses the form to vade, III. ix. 20. The verb to wade, A.S. wádan, did not at first necessarily signify walking through water, though A.S. wád means a ford. It may be connected with Lat. vadere, vadum, where also the verb is used more generally, and the subst. signifies a ford. Hence waddle, to walk as one does who wades.

Wage, iv. 39, gage, or pledge; so 'wager of battle;' to lay a wager,' is to lay down a pledge for the correctness of an opinion. Fr. gage. Horne Tooke connects the word with the A.S. caggian, to cage, lock up, gag; also with key, and quai (their office being to shut up, the one a box, the other ships, or the water). Warrayd, v. 48, laid waste; the same word as worry, and perhaps as barry (of an army). Connected with to wear, and war. has 66 The Christen Lords warraid the eastern land." to weary. To worow, in O. Engl. to strangle; as dogs worry a sheep, seizing it by the neck (Ger. wurgen); but this is not the original

sense.

Waste, i. 42, wasted, squandered.

=

Fairfax, i. 6,
A.S. wérian,

Wastfull, i. 32; iii. 3; viii. 50, wild. Fr. gâter, gaster, It. guastare, Lat. vastare, to spoil, devastate.

Wastnes, iii, 3, wilderness.

Wax, iv. 34, to grow; p.p. woxen. A.S. weaxan, Ger. wachsen.

Wayting, x. 36, watching.

Weare, 31, spend, pass (of time). Lat. terere tempus; usually in a

bad sense.

Weeds, Introd. I; ix. 28, clothes. connected with weód, weed, grass, as the phrase widow's weeds.'

Ween, i. 10; iii. 41; x. 58, to think. a hope, expectation.

A.S. wed, a garment; possibly it clothes the field. Still used in

A.S. wénan, to hope, expect; wén,

Weet, iii. 6; vi. 14; viii. 37; xii. 3, to know, perceive. A.S. witan, to know; Ger. wissen; akin to wise and wit; wote, and wot are the present tense of this verb, as in i. 13; ix. 31; xii. 31. Welke, i. 23, to sink in his revolution (of the sun); or it may mean to fade, as Ger. welken, to be welked or wrinkled: so Chaucer (Pardoneres Tale, 277), "ful pale and welkid is my face." The two meanings may be connected by the notion of a thing twisted, contorted, thence withered and wrinkled. Welkin, iv. 9, sky, the rolling sky. A.S. wealcan, to roll, revolve. The "welked Phoebus," may be "the sun when he has run his race." Ger. Wolken, clouds, comes from the rolling masses in the sky. The shell-fish whelk has a convoluted shell; to walk is to roll along. See Horne Tooke, Div. of Purley, ii. 4, word welkin.

Well, ii. 43, well-being, weal. A.S. wela.