NUISANCE-continued.

what amount of injury amounts to, 351.

doctrine of "coming to nuisance" abrogated, 352.

acts in themselves useful and in convenient places may be, 355.
miscellaneous forms of, 354.

by use of property for unusual purpose, 356.

by injury common to many persons, 356.

by obstruction of light, 357.

And see LIGHT.

to market or ferry, 360.

remedies for, 361.

abatement of, 361.

notice before abatement, when required, 362.

duties of person abating, 363.

damages, 364.

injunction, 365.

when reversioner can sue for, 370.

when occupier or landlord liable for, 371.
liabilities of lessor and lessee for, 371 f.
when vendor or purchaser liable, 372.
whether a single accident can be, 425 i.

OBLIGATION:

ex delicto in Roman law, 16.
quasi ex delicto, 18.

and ownership, 479.

OFFICE: judicial or ministerial, 111.

OFFICERS:

public, acts of, 105.

excess of authority by, 106.

naval and military, acts of, 107.

subordinate, to what extent protected, 107.
commanding, liability of, for accident, 126.
liability of, for malicious misconduct, 285.
OMISSION of legal duty, liability for, 23.

PARENT: authority of, 111.

PARLIAMENT :

disciplinary orders of House of Commons not examinable, 108.
may give a governing body absolute powers, 109.

position of presiding and returning officers at election for, 111.
protection of words spoken in, 235.

proceedings of Committee, 236.

publication of papers and proceedings, 242.

fair reports of debates in, 242.

PARTNER:

liability of, for co-partner's fraud, 86.

to servant of firm, 93.

expulsion of, 110.

PASSENGER: rights of person accepted as, 468, 462, 472.
PATENT RIGHTS:

principle of slander of title extended to, 274.

relation of, to possession, 321.

PERCOLATION: underground, no cause of action for, 137 sqq.

PERSON: Wrongs to the, 7. See ASSAULT.

PERSONAL ACTION: classification of forms of, 497.

PERSONAL ESTATE: damaged by personal injury, no cause of action, 60.
"PICKETING," 212 g.

PIGS:

may be cattle by statute, 411 m, 434 u.
average obstinacy of, 411 n.

PLAINTIFF: a wrongdoer, may still recover, 159.

PLEDGEE abuse of authority by, when conversion, 311.
POISON: responsibility of persons dealing with, 439.

POSSESSION:

more regarded than ownership in the early law, 290.
right to, commonly called property, 292.

distinguished from custody, 292 h.

relation of trespass to, 293.

constructive, 294 k.

right to immediate, plaintiff in trover must have, 304.
without title, protected against strangers, 315.

why protected by law, 317.

derivative, 318.

of receiver or taker from trespasser, 319.

restitution of, after forcible entry, 329.

taken by trespass, when complete, 330, 331.
owner not in, how far liable, 456.
obtaining of, by trick, 490.

POST-CARD: sending defamatory matter on, 245.

POUND: feeding animals in, 336.

PRESCRIPTION ACT: effect of, on right to light, 357.

PRINCIPAL AND AGENT:

when principal must indemnify agent, 179.
liability of principal for fraud of agent, 270.
where principal is a corporation, 272.

reason of liability, 273.

liability of agent misrepresenting principal's authority, 470.

P.

R R

PRINTING OF LIBEL: prima facie a publication, 225 k.

PRISON: What is, 198.

PRIVILEGE:

"absolute," in law of defamation, 235.

judicial and parliamentary, in law of defamation, 235.

"qualified," 237.

conditions of, 237.

privileged occasions, and excess, 239, 245.

of communications in interest of society or in self-protection, 240.
of information for public good, 241.

fair reports, 242.

PRIZE-FIGHT:

why unlawful, 145, 146, 147.

presence at, 146.

PROPERTY:

wrongs to, 7, 9, 12, 15.

acts done in defence of, 154, 156.

duty to respect, 287.

of goods, commonly means right to possess, 292, 304.
transferred by satisfied judgment in trover, 307.

PROSECUTION: whether necessary before offender can be civilly sued,

180 sqq.

PUBLICATION:

of libel, what, 224.

by agent, 226.

PURCHASER: innocent, may be liable for conversion, 308, 309.

RAILWAY:

unguarded crossing, responsibility of company for, 23, 38.

remoteness of damage suffered on, 35, 41.

overcrowded carriage in, 41.

liability of company for mistaken acts of servants, 80.

immunity or liability of company for damage in execution of
undertaking, 115, 117.

effect of statement in company's time-tables, 263.

distraint of engine damage feasant, 331 s.

evidence of negligence in accidents on, 386.

level crossing cases, 386.

"invitation to alight" cases, 386, 416.

escape of sparks, 391.

where train fails to stop, 417.

liability of company for damage by escape of sparks, 392, 430, 436.

breaking down of embankment, 431.

RAILWAY-continued.

duty of company as to safety of carriages and platforms, 447.

of structures, as regards passers-by, 450.

liabilities of company from assumption of duty, independent of
contract, 468, 472.

RATS: damage by, 429 z.

REASONABLE CAUSE: for imprisonment, 202.

RECAPTION: of goods wrongfully taken, 331, 340.

REMEDIES:

at common law in general, 162.

self-help, 163.

damages, 164.

kinds of damages, 165.

measure of damages, 169.

injunctions, 174.

damages or compensation for deceit, 175.
for breach of statutory duty, 176.
alternative, on one cause of action, 460.

REMOTENESS: of consequence or damage, 35, 41.
REPLEVIN, 291, 299.

REPORTS:

of naval and military officers, how far privileged, 237.
confidential, to official superiors, 239.

fair, of public proceedings, 242.

newspaper, of public meetings, 244.

REPRESENTATION: compensation or damages for false, 175.

RES IUDICATA, 178.

REVENUE OFFICERS: protection of, in cases of forcible entry, 333.

REVERSION: injury to, measure of damages, 169, 298.

REVOCATION: Of licence, 323, 326.

RIGHT:

exercise of, not cause of action, 133 h, 134.

whether it can be made wrongful by malice in fact, 141.

assertion of, distinguished from self-defence, 157.

absolute, at least nominal damages recoverable for violation of, 166.

RISK: voluntary taking of, 129 t, 132, 148, 149, 152.

ROMAN LAW:

of obligations ex delicto, 8, 16.

as to effect of death of party on rights of action, 54 sqq.

on the value of human life, 58 h.

noxal actions of, 121.

does not make a man liable for inevitable accidents, 122.

distinguishes right to personal security from that of property, 173.
of possession, 293, 317 a, b.

ROMAN LAW-continued.

·legis actiones in, compared with common law forms of action, 459.

theory of culpa in, 461 f.

concurrent breach of contract with delict in, 478.

of contributory negligence, 514.

RUNNING-DOWN CASES, 131, 132, 173.

RYLANDS v. FLETCHER, the rule in, 421 sqq.

SCANDALUM MAGNATUM, 215 b.

SCIENTER: doctrine of, as to damage by animals, 434.
SCOTLAND (law of):

as to trespass by parachute, 34 u.

gives compensation for damage by death, 60 o, 64.
theory of "common employment" forced upon, 88.
as to aemulatio vicini, 142.

as to protection against dangerous animals, 434 t.
SEDUCTION:

actions for, 207.

what is service for this purpose, 208, 209.
damages, 209.

SELF-DEFENCE;

right of, 155.

assertion of disputed right distinguished from, 157.

injuries to third person resulting from, 30, 157, 158.

against wrongful assault, 196.

SELF-HELP, 163. And see ABATEMENT, DISTRESS, RECAPTION.
SEPARATE PROPERTY :

costs and damages payable out of, 51.

trespasser on, 52.

whether husband can be indemnified from, 52.

SERVANT :

who is, 71.

may change master pro tempore, 74.

what is course of service, 75.

negligence of, in conduct of master's business, 76.

departure from master's business, 77.

mistake or excess of authority by, 80.

arrest of supposed offender by, 81.

acts of, outside his authority, 82.

wilful wrongs of, for master's purposes, 83.

injuries to, by fellow-servant, 87.

injury to, where master interferes in person, 93.

custody or possession of, 292 h.

conversion by, in master's interest, not excusable, 305.

but qu. as to acts done under master's possession and apparent

ownership, 309.

And see MASTER and ServANT.