him. To my surprise, I found him sitting quietly by the kitchen fire. Upon my remonstrating with him for his imprudence, he replied that he was quite well now, for that he fell asleep soon after I left him, and when he awaked, he found the rupture softer, and tried to force it up. He succeeded without much difficulty; and I obtained a truss for him, which he still continues to wear." "M. H, aged forty-five, a married woman. At her last confinement, which took place about four years previously, she had a very difficult labour. Af ter this, she noticed a small lump in her groin, but as it was not always present, she did not notice it very particularly. According to her own account, she was seized with violent griping pain in the stomach one evening whilst sitting at work. This continued with great severity, causing her to be bent double and to press her stomach with her hands; about five o'clock the next morning sickness came on, and became stercoraceous after two or three days. She was first treated with aperients, and afterwards with tobacco enema. The taxis was also tried, but altogether without success. On the fourth day, Dr. Lane, of Ewell, was called in, and suggested the exhibition of opium in large doses, as the woman obstinately refused to submit to the operation. The opium had the desired effect of subduing the vomiting and relieving the collapse, and on the fifth day from the commencement of the attack, the rupture was reduced. The woman is now alive and well, but says she suffers from constipated bowels. She does not wear a truss, although she says there is sometimes a small lump in the groin; but it goes back again." "May 21st, 1851.-I was called in by a neighboring practitioner to take charge of a case during his absence. The patient was a short, spare man, aged fifty. Early in the morning he had ruptured himself whilst straining at stool; the taxis had been employed unsuccessfully for three hours. The hernia was about the size of a walnut, hard and tender, from manipulation; countenance anxious, with a strong sensation of constriction at the epigastrium. Opium was immediately recommended. I gave at first a grain and a half, and half an hour after, another grain and a half. Having ineffectually tried the taxis, I left the patient, ordering a warm bath to be prepared. I soon returned, and found him fully under the influence of the opium. The constriction at the epigastrium, as well as the retching, was relieved. The patient had been dozing, and indeed could scarcely be kept awake. I again employed the taxis, and in a few minutes returned the hernia. He slept off the effects of the opium, and was soon able to return to his work, wearing a truss." The following case was also communicated to me by Mr. Shelley :— "Dr. Butler Lane, of Ewell, about two years ago was called to see a patient, who was suffering from irreducible hernia. He had been ruptured for some years, and always wore a truss. If ever the hernia descended, he laid himself down, and was soon able to reduce it. On this occasion, however, the hernia came down whilst he was lifting some straw, and the patient was unable to return it into the abdomen. After trying for some time, symptoms of strangulation came on, and Dr. Lane was called in. The taxis was now employed, but without benefit. Dr. Lane, therefore, gave him a large dose of opium, and left him in an easy chair in his surgery. He left him thus for about two hours, and upon his return found that in the mean time the man had succeeded in returning the hernia." 25-VOL. II. (To be continued.) ON THE EMPLOYMENT OF CHLOROFORM INJECTIONS any other re I HAVE much pleasure in bringing before the notice of the profession a new method of treating gonorrhoea, which, as far as my experience enables me to judge, bids fair to be equally well adapted for most of the varieties of this tedious and frequently intractable disorder. It consists in the employment of chloroform as an injection, without the use of medial agent whatsoever, either constitutional or local, except, of course, in such cases as present complications demanding special treatment. In the first few cases in which I employed the chloroform, I directed it to be injected in its pure and unmixed form but I soon found that the pain which it occasioned was too severe to be borne, though at no time were such complaints made of it as so frequently follow the use of the nitrate of silver. have it mixed with twice the quantity of mucilage; Accordingly, I now nor does its action appear less prompt from this diminution of strength. The method of injection is the usual one, no special directions being necessary. The frequency must depend upon circumstances. I have not as yet found it advisable to order it more than thrice a day, but recommend its employment once a day for at least four days after all discharge has ceased. Beyond the ordinary avoidance of stimu lants, undue exposure, &c., no instructions whatever are needed; and in no instance in which I have as yet tried this plan has it been found necessary to confine the patient to the house, nor have any evil results followed the application of the chloroform to the diseased surface of the urethra. My object in publishing the following cases is a desire that the value of the remedy may be tested by those who have equal opportunities with myself for the institution of such experiments in the field of practice opened by public appointments, as I am of opinion that the concurrent testimony of many is absolutely essential before any method of treatment, however satisfactory it may appear to individuals, should be considered as fully established. CASE 1.-Oct. 20, 1851: Mrs. F, aged fortyeight, eontracted gonorrhoea from her husband about a week ago, but has undergone no treatment. Ordered the chloroform, in its unmixed state, to be injected thrice a day; no medicine whatever to be taken. It caused violent smarting pain, which lasted about an hour after each injection; but no dysuria or other unpleasant symptom followed. The first day the discharge increased in quantity, and became more viscid; but on the second it had rapidly diminished; and on the third (Oct. 22) had almost ceased. The fourth day I ordered her to inject morning and evening; and on the fifth day the discharge had quite ceased. As a matter of precaution, she continued the employment of the chloroform every morning, until the tenth day, when, no trace of the disorder having recurred, she finally discontinued it. CASE 2. Gleet.-Jan 1, 1852: Martha B-, unmarried, thirty-two years of age, has had a gleet for twelve months, the discharge varying in quantity, but at present profuse. She has gone through the usual routine of treatment, but has scarcely given many of the remedies a fair chance, owing to irregular habits of life; is at present taking balsam of copaiba, and using injections of sulphate of zinc, from which she derives no benefit. Directed her to discontinue these, and inject with equal parts of chloroform and mucilage thrice a day. Jan 5th. The injection was painful, and at first ficulty managed to keep it during the violent strug increased the quantity and consistency of the dis-gles of the patient, and allowed thirty ounces more to charge; but after the second day this became much escape in the same rapid manner. This second less, and is now very scanty and thin. She suffers bleeding had at once a marked and beneficial effect, no other inconvenience, and is much elated at the as the convulsions almost immediately ceased, a more prospect of recovery. The catamenia having come natural expression of countenance returned, and she on, I deemed it prudent to suspend all treatment. was shortly restored to a condition of apparent con8th. Last night the catamenia ceased; there is sciousness. I then removed most of her hair, and ap now a slight gleety discharge. Ordered to resume plied a bladder half filled with pounded ice to the the injection. head, and bottles of hot water to her feet. On ma 12th. Not much change; the injection causes se-king the usual examination, I found the os uteri about vere but temporary pain. To use it half the strength for the future; that is, one part of chloroform to two of mucilage. 15th. The discharge has quite ceased, and she is perfectly well. 19th. Continued injecting once a day till this date; no return of the symptoms. CASE 3.-Jan 12, 1852: John S, aged twentyfour, first perceived pain in micturition on the 8th inst.; very slight discharge, light-coloured, and thin; frequent desire to pass water, with much straining; the urine is occasionally bloody. Ordered a mixture of liquor potassæ, tincture of hyosciamus, and camphor mixture; and to inject thrice a day with one part of chloroform to two of mucilage. half dilated, but exceedingly rigid and tense, as were also the external parts. Just at this time I had the satisfaction of seeing my friend Mr. Musgrave enter the room, followed shortly afterwards by Dr. Tyler Smith, whom I had sent for immediately on perceiving the serious nature of the case. There was now almost an entire absence of uterine pain. The abdomen was carefully manipulated, but no movements of the foetus could be excited or detected, though its rounded mass could be felt within the uterus. The foetal heart could not be heard upon auscultation, so it was concluded that the foetus was probably already dead. As there was a calm in the convulsions, it was resolved to delay the performance of turning or craniotomy until more imperatively Jan 15th.-Much improved, but slight discharge; called for. It was agreed that it would be desirable the injection causes great pain for a minute or two. to rupture the membranes as soon as practicable, and 19th-Discharge quite ceased, and he is perfectly allow the liquor amnii to escape, so as to diminish well, with the exception of a little oedema of the pre- the uterine distension. As there was still much gen puce, which disappeared under the application of a eral excitement of system, the pulse numbering 110 saturnine lotion; no recurrence of the discharge. in a minute and hard, and the os uteri and other tisCASE 4.-April 29, 1852: Mrs. R— aged forty-sues continuing very rigid, in spite of the previous five, contracted gonorrhoea from her husband seven depletion, it was felt necessary to follow up the antidays ago; the discharge has gradually increased in phlogistic plan, and with that view it was decided to quantity, in spite of a regular employment of the try the full effect of tartarized antimony, as the med acetate-of-lead injection. Directed her to inject the icine best adapted to fulfil the indications required. chloroform of a similar strength to that used in the Accordingly nine grains of the salt were dissolved in last case. six ounces of the camphor mixture, and an ounce of May 3d.-Discharge nearly ceased; all that now this solution was administered every hour during the exists is an exceedingly small quantity of a colour-day such was the tolerance of the remedy, that not less, watery fluid; no complaint of pain from the injection. To repeat it once a day. 10th.-Has been quite free from all discharge for five days. CASE OF PUERPERAL CONVULSIONS FROM DISTRICT ACCOUCHEUR TO ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL. even the slightest nausea was induced by it, but it had the happiest effect in softening and relaxing the previously rigid condition of the parts. The labour pains, which had been quite suspended for about four hours, returned gradually about one o'clock, and I availed myself of the first opportunity which offered to rupture the membranes, when about a pint of water flowed away. I may here mention, that although no further convulsions occurred, she continued in a torpid and half-comatose state, the sense of vision especially being very imperfect. The uterine efforts became now strong and effective, but owing to the I was called in a great hurry, at nine in the morn- slow dilatation of the os uteri, the anterior lip was ing of the 3rd of March, to visit Mrs. C. B, a pushed down in front of the head in its passage strong muscular woman, of small stature, aged twen- through the pelvis, reaching almost to the os exter three, a patient of the St. Mary's Maternity, who num. I succeeded, however, at about seven in the was in labour of her first child. On entering the room evening, aided only by the natural efforts, in deliverI found her in one of the most fearful paroxysms of ing her of a still-born female child, and having waited puerperal convulsions I had ever witnessed. The about twenty minutes, and no pain coming on, I exface was frightfully distorted, and purple from con- tracted the placenta, which was partly in the vagina, gestion; bloody foam was issuing from the mouth; and soon had the satisfaction of feeling the uterus the tongue was bleeding and protruded, the eyes fixed well and firmly contracted. Dr. Tyler Smith saw and staring, and several attendants were vainly en- her again with me in the evening, and a draught, deavouring to restrain her in bed. Feeling that not containing one third of a grain of morphia and three a moment was to be lost, I instantly proceeded to take grains of camphor, was administered, which had the blood from the arm, by making a large orifice, from effect of calming the nervous irritability and restless which, in a very short space of time, forty ounces of ness, which had been for some time increasing. She blood flowed. I then waited a few minutes, hoping slept profoundly the whole of the night, and on visitthat some good effect would follow so copious and ing her next morning I found her with a quiet intelsudden a loss of blood, but had the mortification to see no favourable change in the frightful character of the symptoms. I therefore removed my thumb from the opening in the vein, where I had with much dif ligent smile on her countenance; her pulse 96 and scft; the skin moist and comfortable; the head free from pain, but feeling rather heavy; and having no recollection whatever of anything which had occur red during the previous twenty-four hours. I ordered her still to continue the ice-cap to the head, and to take a saline draught containing a diminished quantity of tartarized antimony every four hours. On Friday, the 5th, she had a dose of calomel and colocynth, followed in a few hours by a draught of senna and salts, which cleared out the bowels very effectually. A purgative was afterwards exhibited every alternate day. She continued steadily to improve without a bad symptom, and I have the satisfaction to state that she soon perfectly recovered. The secretion of milk on the fourth day was very abundant, and proved rather troublesome for some short time. I must not omit to notice, that on testing the urine I found in it no trace of albumen, nor was there any oedematous swelling of the legs-a fact of some importance in reference to the modern theory with regard to the nature of these congestive diseases of the brain, as it affords conclusive evidence that albuminuria does not universally obtain in these affec tions. This case, I think, presents several other features of considerable interest to the practical obstetrician and to the profession generally. In the first place, it serves to confirm the imperative necessity of large and adequate depletion in the congestive variety of this formidable disease, affording at the same time, ample proof of its undoubted safety and success. It also furnishes a remarkable example of the tolerance of tartar emetic-a fact long well established in reference to its use in pneumonia and some other pulmonory affections, but not, that I am aware of, to the same extent in cerebral disorders as this case so strongly illustrates, a grain and a half having been taken every hour for eight consecutive hours without the least nausea resulting from it. While speaking of this valuable medicine in connection with this class of affections, it may not be out of place to add, that I have employed it with marked benefit in combination with camphor and morphia, (aided by cold applications to the head, and preceded by active purgation and leeches to the temples,) in two very severe cases of puerperal mania. General bloodletting being here for the most part inadmissible, it is very desirable to possess a remedy so available as this proved in both the instances referred to, in controlling the excited state of the circulation, and in tranquillizing the extreme irritability of the nervous system, both which conditions are so constantly present in the more active forms of this distressing malady. REPORT OF AN INTERESTING CASE OF VACCINIA AND Distinct small-pox in the mother at the time of delivery; The case was a tedious and severe one, but requiring no especial comment, excepting the appearance on the neck, face, and arms, of a plentiful crop of very suspicious-looking spots, becoming so much developed during the excited circulation of severe labour, that I had no difficulty in diagnosing them to be variolous. The following day there could be no doubt that my patient was the subject of variola in a distinct form, but of at least average severity. The. disease went through its usual stages, and ended in perfect recovery, leaving, however, a few marks of its visitation. To give the infant a chance, she was carefully vaccinated on the morning of the fourth day after her birth. True vaccinia was the result; and yet, on the eighth day after she was vaccinated, when the vesicles were fully matured, the little patient was very ill, and showed signs of an eruption under the skin, which proved to be confluent smallpox, of which the little creature died four days after. Several of my medical friends think the case unique; all consider it exceedingly interesting and instructive. If it sheds any light upon the quæstio vexata of the present day, I shall be rejoiced by its publication. I see it has escaped me to mention, that after I had vaccinated the child, I enveloped the arm round the punctures, with linen, securing it in situ with a bandage, to prevent any variolous matter being communicated from the mother through the punctures or abrasions af the cuticle. I resist the temptation of making my own comments upon the case, being anxious to have the opinions of other men. Perhaps, however, I may be allowed to say that I consider the most salient point of the case to be this: that although the mother had the minor form of the disease (that is to say, distinct,) the infant, although under vaccination, died of the major or confluent form. I shall make no further remark, excepting to state that Mrs. M—— had been vaccinated in infancy. ON CERTAIN IMPORTANT POINTS IN THE CHE MISTRY AND PATHOLOGY OF THE URINE. THE present and following articles have been prepared and written for upwards of a year. Their publication has been delayed to this time in consequence of numerous pressing engagements. Reddened litmus was employed in the foregoing experiments, in preference to turmeric paper, on account of the much greater delicacy of the indications afforded by it. We have now to take into consideration the results deducible from those experiments, and some of which are of an interesting and important character. 1st. The simple act of boiling an aqueous solution of urea is sufficient to determine the gradual dissolution of that substance, and its conversion into carbonate of ammonia, a result at variance with statements On the 27th of October last, I was summoned to made on this subject, particularly with that advanced visit Mrs. M- who was in daily expectation of the by Dr. Bence Jones, and which was particularly adbirth of her first child. The symptoms which pre-verted to in one of the former of these articles.* sented themselves were, headache, vomiting, and pain 2nd. This conversion of urea takes place, after a in the lumbar region, with "bearing-down." Considering these symptoms as precursory of labour, I prescribed a little simple febribuge anodyne mixture, and directed that I should be sent for if she should be any worse. On the following day, Mrs. Mwas very poorly, and on the next (the 29th,) at six P.M., was delivered of a daughter. time, in distilled water, even without the aid of the spirit-lamp, a result likewise opposed to a second statement made by Dr. Jones.† 3rd.-The decomposition of urea is effected, either with or without heat, much more readily in fluids which are alkaline, and especially in those the alka * Animal Chemistry, p. 90. + Ibid. linity of which arises from the presence of lime in any form. each becomes alkaline; it will be found that the unfiltered urine is always the first to undergo the change. 4th. The conversion of urea is retarded, and some- Those urines which, although acid when passed, times altogether prevented, by an acid condition of quickly become alkaline, are found to be but feebly the fluid in which it is present; and this is equally acid as voided, and to contain a greater or less proporthe case, whether the solution be subjected to the tion of animal matter, the natural tendency of which to heat of the spirit-lamp or not; the more acid the decomposition is therefore not opposed by the condifluid, the greater its power of resisting the decomposition of the urine as respects acidity. tion of the urea. 5th.-Animal matter in a state of decomposition exercises a powerful influence over the transformation of urea; and this it does by producing an alkaline condition of the fluid in which the two substances are contained, the alkalinity being produced by the carbonate of ammonia generated during putrefaction. It will be observed that this chemical explanation of the action of animal matter, in converting urea into carbonate of ammonia, is much more satisfactory than the vague and theoretical notion of Dumas, that the mucus of the bladder, by undergoing a putrescent change, acts, like yeast, as a ferment, and so aids the conversion of the urea. The alkalinity of urine very commonly proceeds from the presence of carbonate of ammonia, which is derived in part from the animal matter in that fluid, and in part from the urea; but the circumstances which originate, and either facilitate or retard this conversion, have not hitherto been well understood. We are now, however, in a position to furnish a tolerably accurate and complete account of what these circumstances are. It has been noticed that in some urines the urea disappears in the course of a few days, while in others it remains unchanged for weeks, months, and even years; but the causes of these differences have not until now been satisfactorily determined. Of urines, some are in a neutral or alkaline state when passed; others quickly acquire one or other of these conditions after being voided, while others again do not lose their acidity for a very long period. Those urines which are alkaline when passed, may be so either from fixed or volatile alkali, or from both combined. In accordance with the results of the experiments described above, an alkaline condition of the blood from fixed alkali would have a tendency to produce a decomposition of the urea, even while contained in the circulating fluid, and so bring about a mixed alkalinity; and this perhaps is one explanation of the occasional presence of carbonate of ammonia in urine but just voided. Out of the body, there is no question but that an alkaline condition of the urine from fixed alkali facilitates the decomposition of the urea into carbonate of ammonia. But a more frequent cause of this conversion, and one, indeed, which is more or less in operation in every urine, is the decomposition of the vesicle mucus, which, by giving rise to the formation of carbonate of ammonia, produces an alkaline condition of the urine, which, by reacting in the urea, occasions its transformation, and so increases the degree of alkalinity; and this decomposition of the mucus is in general the first change affected in the passage of a neutral or slightly acid urine to an alkaline state. The decomposition of the mucus, like that of the urea, varies according to circumstances; thus, acidity and cold tend to retard the change; the amount of animal matter present produces also a corresponding variation. The influence of vesical mucus in determining an alkaline state of the urine, has been shown by experiment 14; and it may be still further illustrated by putting aside two portions of the same urine, the one filtered, the other not, and noting the periods at which Lastly, those urines which are long in becoming alkaline, are always either very acid, or they contain little or no mucus. Now, as the development of carbonate of ammonia takes place in any urine quickly or slowly, and in greater or less quantity, in a corresponding ratio will the urea be affected, and disappear either quickly or slowly. The experiments now recorded appear to explain satisfactorily the modus operandi of acid remedies in alkaline conditions of the urine, proceeding from consitutional and general causes-viz., by retarding the conversion of the urea into carbonate of ammonia. They likewise admit of further important and praetical application, in connexion with the phosphatic diathesis; but the consideration of this will be made the subject of a separate communication. To return from this not unimportant digression to the more immediate object of these papers-viz., the consideration of the tests for sugar-it appears, then, that in slightly acid, neutral, and alkaline urines, carbonate of ammonia is developed from the decomposition of urine during the application of the heat ordinarily employed in making trial of Trommer's test; and as will be seen presently, to such an extent as to interfere, possibly, in some slight degree with the proper action of the test. We will now go seriatim through the remaining salts and substances of the urine, including not only those the presence of which is constant, but also those which are but occasionally contained in that fluid. (To be Continued.) POISONING BY STRYCHNIA. BY J. COOPER FORSTER, M.D., Lond., F.R.C.S. VERY little apology is needed, I think, for troubling you with the following interesting case. I am indebted to Mr. W. C. Hills, house-surgeon to the Surrey Dispensary, who first saw the patient, for the main facts. S. S, aged fifty-two, dissolute hypochondriac with a constitution and intellect considerably damaged was under my care with indolent ulcers on both legs; and on account of dyspeptic symptoms, from which he also suffered, I ordered him one-twelfth of a grain of strychnia, to be taken three times a day. For convenience and accuracy in dispensing, an acid solution. of strychnia is kept at the Surrey Dispensary, in the proportion of one grain to an ounce of water, and this patient had an ounce and a half of that solution given him, a teaspoonful of which contained the dose required. From inattention to both verbal and printed instructions, on his return home he took rather more than an ounce of the medicine, which he had not swallowed above ten minutes when he became violently convulsed. On discovering his mistake, he immediately took copious draughts of cold water; but the convulsions increasing in severity, his friends became alarmed, he was driven in a cab to an hospital, when being refused admittance he was again brought to the dispensary. An hour and a half had now elapsed since the poison was taken, during the whole of which time his attendant stated he had been violently convulsed. When Mr. Hills first saw him, he had trismus, with the upper and lower extremities completely rigid, and paroxysms of opisthotonos and emprosthotonos occurring alternately. A paroxysm now took place every six minutes, each one lasting about two minutes, and during the emprosthotonic condition he uttered a violent shriek. He had half a drachm of sulphate of zinc given immediately, and was sent home, and placed in a warm bed. I saw the patient with Mr. Hills about four hours after the poison had been taken, and found that he had been slightly emetized by the zinc, and had also been most violently purged. The tetanic rigidity still continued; paroxysms were, however, less frequent; the patient could only lie on his back, and the slightest exertion brought on the convulsive attacks. The bladder also seemed to particpate in the general contraction of the voluntary muscles, and expelled small quantities of urine, as fast apparently as it flowed into that viscus; the pupils were natural; the pulse small and irritable; and the whole frame was evidently much exhausted and enfeebled. He was now ordered frictions over the spine by means of soap liniment, which afforded him great relief, half a drachm of the compound spirit of sulphuric ether in camphor mixture, to be taken internally every four hours. During the night he continued to have involuntary twitchings of the limbs, which lasted also through the following day; on the second night they became more severe, but were only of a few hours' duration, and then entirely left him. He has since returned to his work in his usual health. On the following day he continued feverish, but had no more fits. On the 8th, an eruption made its appearance, and he passed through the usual stages of a mild attack of small pox, and recovered well. The vaccine vesicles did not reach maturity as soon as usual and the areola were less. There were several children living in the same row, vaccinated at the same time; and I believed they all escaped variola. I have recently met with many cases of small-pox after vaccination, all more or less modified. SINGULAR CASE OF ASPHYXIA. I RECEIVED an urgent request (on April 27th, 1852,) to visit a young man two miles from hence, who was stated by the messenger to have been choked by being "rolled in bran." On reaching the spot, I found a lad about eighteen years of age extended on a bed, apparently quite dead. The bystanders informed me that he had ceased to breathe about twenty minutes. I find Dr. Taylor states, in his valuable work on The countenance was pallid, the lips somewhat livid. Poisons, that he has been informed of a case in which I at once opened the trachea immediately below the a grain of strychnia had been taken, vomiting had cricoid cartilage, cutting through the three first supervened, and the patient had recovered; but he rings, and endeavoured to restore respiration by artidoes not authenticate it, and moreover states that ficial means, but without success. The case became half a grain proved fatal to Dr. Warner in fourteen the subject of judicial investigation, and in compliance minutes. From this, a doubt naturally arises in one's with an order from the coroner for the county, I made mind, whether the strychnia which had been taken in an examination of the body sixteen hours after death. the present instance was of good quality, as a dose far The thorax and abdomen retained a sensible amount beyond the average was swallowed, and in solution, of warmth; the heart was in all respects healthy, which so much favours absorption; and yet the ventricles empty, and the vena cava distended with patient recovered. The extreme urgency of the black blood; the right lung was extensively adherent symptoms, however, I think, sufficiently proves the to the costal pleura; the parenchymatous structure genuineness of the drug; and I can therefore only of both lungs appeared to be entirely normal, but attribute the favourable result to the large quantity when cut into, a considerable quantity of reddish, of cold water swallowed, which appears to have acted frothy fluid exuded from them when gently squeezed. as a powerful aperient, carrying the poison rapidly The larynx and trachea were carefully removed from along the alimentary canal. With regard to the their attachments, and on slitting up the former, some treatment adopted at the dispensary, it appeared the particles of coarse pollard were visible in its cavity, only course left to be pursued, as no antidote is principally around and in the ventricles. Similar known; and the result, I think, proves the value of particles were observed on the lining membrane of the zinc administered, and justifies the supposition the trachea. At the bifurcation of the tube a conthat this drug acted as a stimulus to the distended in-siderable mass of this substance was found occupying testines to get rid of their contents, as almost imme- its whole calibre. The left bronchus was entirely diately after the emetic was swollowed violent purg-filled with pollard, the right nearly so, and their subing took place, with only very slight emesis. ON A CASE OF VACCINIA AND VARIOLA. divisions, as far as they could be traced into the substance of the lungs, were full of the same material. More than a tablespoonful was extracted from the bronchi and their larger ramifications. The brain presented nothing abnormal, excepting a somewhat BY G. H. HOPKINS, Esq., M.R.C.S., &c., Chapel-en-le- congested condition; this probably would have been Frith, Derbyshire. more marked had this viscus been first examined, as a large quantity of blood flowed from the descending cava on separating the heart and lungs from the thoracic cavity. THE prophylactic power of vaccination having of late attracted much attention, the following case, It appeared from the evidence adduced at the which has lately occurred in my practice, somewhat inquest, that the deceased was, by way of joke, forced similar to two which have recently appeared in THE head-downwards into a sack containing about a bushel LANCET, may perhaps be deemed worthy a small space of pollard, by two of his fellow-labourers on the farm. in that valuable periodical. According to the testimony of one of the parties, who W. Gardner A--, aged two years, was vaccinated | were at the same time the perpetrators and the only |