death his two sons, Ferdinand Albert II. and Ernest Ferdinand, again divided the dukedom, Albert retaining Brunswick and Wolfenbuttle, and Ernest the territory of Bevern.

Ferdinand Albert II. who was born in the month of May, 1680, now continued the line of the family; he was married to Anthonetta Amelia of Blankenburgh, and by her had fourteen children. He was a brave general, and a good scholar; yet his domestic virtues were as distinguished as his public character. He died in the month of September, 1735, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles.

He

- Charles Duke of Wolfenbuttle, was born August 1st, 1713, and at the age of twenty-two succeded to the government of the dukedom. was at once respected and beloved by his subjects, and the page of martial history is replete with relations of his courage. He was married at the age of twenty-five to Phillipine Charlotte, Princess of Prussia, who was the sister of Frederick II. She lived to the advanced age of eighty-five. "Her coffin," says Dr. Halliday, "is of wood covered with velvet; the fringes have been stolen. This coffin was likewise opened, and a gorget of Brussels lace taken away. Ten years after her death her features were still recognized. Close to the coffin, in a niche, is an urn of marble, and on a ring which encloses it, are engraved the following words; La grace de Dieu me suive dans l'eternité. It is not known what this urn contains; but it was shut in the presence of the deceased,

C

and by her direction, put on the coffin after her death." By her Charles had twelve children, but only five of them survived him. These were Maximilian Julius Leopold, Augusta Dorethea of Gandersheim, Charles George Augustus, Frederick William, and DUKE CHARLES WILLIAM FERDINAND, the father of Caroline, Queen of England. Charles Duke of Wolfenbuttle died in the year 1780, and Duke Charles became the sovereign of his patrimonial territories.

The history of the family of her late Majesty has been thus deduced from Ernest the Confessor, and it is now only necessary to present a biographical sketch of her father, in order to complete that history. The life of Duke Charles is memorable and important, and deserves the consideration of those who are anxious to form a correct estimate of the early associations of Queen Caroline, and the peculiar nature of her education. The preceding detail has been necessarily tedious, but as in no work accessible to general readers, has the history been presented, it was regarded as particularly important that here it should be accurately related.

CHARLES WILLIAM FERDINAND was born at Wolfenbuttle, on the the 9th of October, 1735. In the seventh year of his age, he was placed under the guidance of his tutor, the Court Chaplain, Jerusalem. His studies were chiefly devoted to history, mathematics, the art of war, and the acquisition of foreign languages. He however, possessed considerable taste for the fine arts, and particularly for music, of which he was passion

ately fond, and in the practice of which he experienced great pleasure, being himself a skilful performer on the violin. But in the study of history, he pre-eminently delighted. The warlike achievements of the heroes of antiquity powerfully excited his admiration; and he frequently mentioned the peculiar interest which he felt, when reading the account of the retreat of the 10,000 Greeks under Xenophon. He also perused with indefatigable attention, the memoirs of celebrated French generals, such as Turenne, Condê, and Villars; and he never failed to note down such passages as appeared to him to afford any novel or useful information relative to military tactics.

In his earliest childhood, the young Prince manifested an ardent desire for the attainment of military glory, and a wish to be distinguished in the annals of fame. On attaining his twentieth year, the commencement of the seven years war in Germany, afforded him an opportunity for the display of his courage, and the development of military talents; and his bravery and knowledge were frequently applauded by his celebrated uncle, Frederick II. The Prince first distinguished himself, as a soldier, at the battle of Hastenbeck, on the 26th of July 1757, when in conjunction with the brave Colonel Max von Breitenback, he stormed a battery which had been taken by the French; this measure would in all probability, have secured the victory, had not the anxiety of the Duke of Cumberland, induced him to venture a new attack.

After the Conventions of Kloster-Zeven, it was proposed, that the Prince should travel through Holland; but his uncle, Duke Ferdinand, to whom Frederick II. had entrusted the command of the allied forces, took him in his suite from Hamburg to Stade, and the Prince joyfully re-entered the military service. He commenced his new career with the hazardous but successful attack of Hoya, on the 23rd of February, 1758. In the sanguinary engagement, near Erefelt, on the 23rd of June following, the Prince, with the allied infantry under his command, destroyed fifteen battalions of French infantry, under Count Saint-Germain, put the French Gensdarmerie to flight, and thus decided the engagement. On this occasion, the young Prince proved that he was no less distinguished for his humanity than courage; for in his arms expired the brave Count Gisors, who had been mortally wounded, while commanding the French Carabineers, and to whom he displayed the greatest kindness.

The Prince now proceeded onwards in the direction of Brussels, and in his way took Ruremonde and Dusseldorf. Soon after, Duke Ferdinand, being closely pressed by the skilful General Contades, the Prince covered the retreat of the main army, drove the French from Wachtendonk, regained possession of Ruremonde, and afforded the main army time, without the loss of a single piece of artillery, to recross the Rhine on the 4th of August.

In the campaign of 1759, the Prince commenc

ed operations with the advanced-guard so successfully, that the Imperial troops were defeated in several engagements; in Meiningen and Wasimgen, a whole regiment of cuirassiers, together with three battalions of infantry were made prisoners, and the district was so completely cleared of the enemy, that Ferdinand was enabled to adadvance to Frankfort with the main body of the army.

While Ferdinand, with the view of turning the fortune of war still more decidedly against Contades and Broglio, was making preparations for a general battle, the Prince was sent, with a detached corps to threaten one of the enemy's magazines, near Herford; and on the very day on which Ferdinand won the great battle of Minden, the Prince, with 10,000 men, gained a decided victory near Gohfeld, over the French General Brissac.

In the mean time, the Duke of Wirtemberg with 12,000 men under his command, appeared in the field, and Broglio directed him, to eut off Ferdinand's junction with Cassel. The young Prince with eight battalions and twelve squadrons, was now sent to meet this new enemy. He attacked him at Fulda, surprised the Duke and most of his officers at a ball, cut to pieces a great portion of his infantry, and made 1,200 prisoners. Immediately on the execution of this master-stroke, the Prince marched with thirteen battalions and nineteen squadrons, to Saxony, to support his uncle, Frederick the Great, whose