The gradually recovered her pristine lustre. crown resumed it's splendor, the laws regained their energy, and prosperity and peace seemed to secure the establishment of national happiness. The Cathedral Church of Durham had suffered her full share of calamity during the preceding troubles. At the era of the Reformation, she had undergone a considerable change. Her gilded images, her costly altars dedicated indiscriminately to real and to fictitious saints*, her magazines of relics deemed more valuable than gems and precious stones, her superb rood, all her gaudy pomp and pageantry disappeared. Still she maintained her majestic aspect The spectator still beheld with silent admiration the high embowed roof With antick pillars massy proof, Her choir still chaunted the songs of praise ; and her lengthened ailes resounded with the voice of the organ. The prayers offered to the Su *Within the church, altars were erected to St. Cuthbert, St. Bede, St. Oswald, St. Lawrence, St. Thomas of Canterbury, &c. &c. The images of saints are placed on niches around the high tower of the Church. Are not these the Pro tectors, the Mahuzzim, mentioned in the Scriptures? (Dan. xi. 38.) Their elevated situation preserved them from destruction. preme Being were no longer unintelligible to the common people. The Scriptures were expounded to them: a pure and rational Liturgy was introduced, and many useful institutions enforced, which tended to banish the horrors of superstition and idolatry. But in the middle of the seventeenth century, a total subversion of all order and decorum took place. Her revenues were seized, her ministers imprisoned or driven into exile, the sacred monuments of her dead defaced, and her religious services entirely abolished. To complete all, after the signal defeat of the Scotch army at Dunbar in 1650, the prisoners were sent to Durham by the command of Cromwell, and had lodgings assigned to them in this august sanctuary. The lawless band abstained from no act of devastation. They destroyed the fine paintings, with which Hugh Pusac or Pudsey, the eleventh Bishop of Durham, had embellished the windows of his cathedral. They despoiled the internal structure, and to preserve themselves from the * "Præter commune Anglorum enthusiastarum sacrilegium, quo ecclesiæ ferè omnes, præsertim verò Cathedrales fatiscebant, Dunelmensis insuper Scotorum manus non semel senserat, gravius etiam à devictis quàm à triumphantibus multata. Captivos enim Scotos à cæde Barodunensi superstites Cromwellus in hoc augustissimo sacrario stabulari jussit; donec quicquid ibi inerat lignea materiæ quod dirui potuit, igni mandássent aliàs hyberno frigore perimendi." (Vita Johannis Barwick, S. T. P. p. 209.) winter's cold they tore from their foundations the skreens, the stalls, and every thing composed of wood, and used them as fuel. It was in this wretched state of ruin, when Dr. John Barwick, a native of Westmoreland, having declined the offer of the bishopric of Carlisle, was installed Dean of Durham on the fourth day of November, 1660 *. Of this excellent man it is remarked, that "he prosecuted the interest of others more than his own." With a habit of body weak * In this year, seven vacant prebends of Durham were bestowed upon men of eminent learning, loyalty, and piety. + Non quæro quod mihi utile est, sed quod multis. His life is written in Latin by his brother Peter Barwick, a physician of no mean celebrity. This biographical volume was translated into English, and enriched with many curious notes by the learned Hilkiah Bedford, who was ejected from his fellowship of St. John's College, Cambridge. (Carter's History of Cambridge, p. 261.) Dr. Barwick seems to have imbibed the very spirit of that Christian charity, which seeketh not her own. If he had regarded his private interest, he would not have accepted the deanery of St. Paul's, where there was neither house nor furniture but what was either hired or bought, in exchange for that of Durham, where neither was wanting. And, indeed, in answer to his Majesty's message he wrote expressly, that he knew very well that the dignity whereto he was going to be promoted was both of less value than that he must relinquish, and of greater care and trouble; while that which he then enjoyed was so agreeable to him, that if it were at his option, he would not quit it for the greatest dignity in the church, much less for that he was commanded to accept: yet that he VOL. II. F and languishing from pain and lassitude*, while his mind remained unbroken, he no sooner entered upon his new office, than he exerted every nerve to perform the duties annexed to it with singular credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of every good man. His first care was, to re-establish the celebration of divine service along with the sacred music of the choir. Two days after his instalment, he and six major canons or prebendaries held a chapter, in which "having taken into their serious consideration the great mercy and gracious providence of Almighty God in restoring his Majesty to his throne, the kingdom to peace, and the Church to the exercise of religion and enjoyment of her rights and liberties, they did unanimously received his Majesty's command with the utmost veneration, and should willingly comply with the orders of his superiors in the Church. (Kennet's Register, p. 546.) * His loyalty subjected him to the most cruel usage. He was confined in a loathsome prison, where he was fed only with bread and water for many years. This treatment, instead of destroying his health, actually contributed to the restoration of it; a circumstance thus recorded by Dr. Sydenham :—“ In languido hoc statu, cùm vir egregius regiis partibus temporis tyrannide oppressis faverit, deprehensus est, cumque in arctissimum carcerem conjectus loco potûs ordinarii meram aquam biberet, præter omnem spem et expectationem revaluit." (Pharmac Ration. ii. 185. Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, II, 20.) resolve, as a fruit of their thankfulness to God, to re-settle the cathedral upon the ancient foundation of their statutes and laudable customs by all prudential means and with all possible expedition." The fabric of the Church and of the Chapter-house was then exceedingly ruinous, the leads much decayed, the windows almost wholly broken, and no seats remaining in the quire except such as were made since his Majesty's return. Hence it was determined to treat favourably all the tenants who were willing to compound for new leases, and to appropriate the money raised by their fines to the purpose of repairs. The King having been long deprived of his revenue, the parliament ordered a supply of fifty thousand pounds to be raised immediately and given to him. This example of liberality was followed by many bodies corporate, and by many private persons. As a proof of the loyalty of the Dean and Chapter of Durham, a donation of one thousand pounds was presented by them to his Majesty. But the church of Durham did not long enjoy the benefit of Dr. Barwick's wise government. Upon his removal to St. Paul's, the accomplishment of his salutary projects was reserved for his successor Dr. John Sudbury, the subject of the present Memoir. The zeal, which this eminent Divine had uniformly manifested for the welfare of his country, quickly met with it's remunera |