dollars per annum, and shall settle with the State at least once a year in such manner as the general assembly may provide. The criminal sheriff shall receive an annual salary of thirty-six hundred dollars and no more. He shall receive no other compensation. He shall charge and collect for the State, from parties convicted, such fees and charges as may be fixed by law and shall render monthly accounts of the same.

ART. 141. Said sheriffs shall appoint, each with the consent and approval of the district court which he serves, such a number of deputies as the said court may find necessary for the proper expedition of the public business, at such salaries as may be fixed by law. Each sheriff shall be responsible for his deputies, may remove them at pleasure and fill vacancies with the approval of the court, and may exact from all deputies security in such manner and amount as such sheriff may deem necessary. D. 3542.

ART. 142. The civil sheriff for the said parish shall execute a bond, with sureties, residents of said parish, conditioned for the lawful and faithful performance of the duties of his office, in the sum of fifty thousand dollars. The sureties shall be examined in open court by the judges of the civil district court for the parish of Orleans, and the questions and answers shall be reduced to writing, and form a portion of the records of said court. (D. 3538) A similar bond shall be executed by the criminal sheriff of said parish in the sum of ten thousand dollars, with sureties to be examined and approved as to solvency by the criminal district court of said parish, as herein directed for the civil district court of said parish in the case of the civil sheriff.

ART. 143. There shall be one constable for each city court of the parish of Orleans, who shall be the executive officer of such court. He shall be elected by the qualified voters of the parish of Orleans for the term of four years. The general assembly shall define his qualifications and fix his compensation and duties, and shall assimilate the same so far as practicable to the provisions of this constitution relating to the civil sheriff of said parish. The judges of the city courts shall sit in banc to examine such bonds, try and remove constables, and adopt rules regulating such trial and removal. They shall in such proceedings be governed so far as practicable by the provisions of this constitution regulating the proceedings of the district courts of the parish of Orleans in the case of the sheriffs of said parish. D. 642.

ART. 144. There shall be a register of conveyances and a recorder of mortgages for the parish of Orleans, who shall be elected by the qualified voters of said parish every four years. The register of conveyances shall receive an anuual salary of twenty-five hundred dollars and no more, and said recorder of mortgages an annual salary of four thousand dollars and no more. The general assembly shall regutate the qualifications and duties of said officers, and the number of employés they shall appoint, and fix the salaries of such employés, not to exceed eighteen hundred dollars for each. D. 3152,

3171.

ART. 145. The general assembly, at its first session after the adoption of this constitution, shall enact a fee bill for the clerks of the various courts, including the city courts sitting in New Orleans, and for the civil and criminal sheriffs, constables, register of conveyances and recorder of mortgages of said parish. In the same act provision shall be made for a system of stamps or stamped paper for the collection by the State, not by said officers, of such fees and charges, so far as clerks of courts, register of conveyances and recorder of mortgages are concerned. D. 778, 3163, 3172.

ART. 146. All fees and charges fixed by law for the various courts of the parish of Orleans, and for the register of conveyances and recorder of mortgages of said parish shall enure to the State; and all sums realized therefrom shall be set aside and held as a special fund, out of which shall be paid by preference the judicial expenses of the parish of Orleans; provided, that the State shall never make any payment to any sheriff, clerk, register of conveyances or recorder of mortgages of the parish of Orleans, or any of their deputies, for salary or other expenses of their respective offices, except from the special fund provided for by this article; and any appropriation made contrary to this provision shall be null and void.

ART. 147. There shall be one coroner for the parish of Orleans, who shall be elected every four years by the qualified electors of said parish, and whose duties shall be regulated by law. He shall be ex officio city physician of the city of New Orleans, and receive an annual salary of five thou

sand dollars, and no more. He shall be a practicing physician of said city, and a graduate of the medical department of some university of respectable standing. He may appoint an assistant, having the same qualifications as himself, at an annual salary not exceeding three thousand dollars. The salaries of both coroner and assistant to be paid by the parish of Orleans. (D. 649, 674). The maintenance and support of prisoners confined in the parish of Orleans, upon charges or conviction for criminal offences, shall be under the control of the city of New Orleans.

GENERAL PROVISIONS.

ART. 148. No person shall hold any office, State, parochial or municipal, or shall be permitted to vote at any election or act as a juror, who, in due course of law, shall have been convicted of treason, perjury, forgery, bribery or other crime punishable by imprisonment in the penitentiary, or who shall be under interdiction.

ART. 149. Members of the general assembly and all officers, before they enter upon the duties of their offices, shall take the following oath or affirmation: "I, A B, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the constitution and laws of the United States, and the constitution and laws of this State; and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent on me asaccording to the best of

my ability and understanding. So help me God." D. sec. 2550, 2558. ART. 150. The seat of government shall be and remain at the city of Baton Rouge. The general assembly, at its first session after the adoption of this constitution, shall make the necessary appropriations for the repair of the statehouse and for the transfer of the archives of the State to Baton Rouge; and the city council of Baton Ronge is hereby authorized to issue certificates of indebtedness in such manner and form as to cover the subscription of thirty-five thousand dollars, tendered by the citizens and the city council of said city to aid in repairing the capitol in said city; provided, the city of Baton Rouge shall pay into the State treasury said amount of thirty-five thousand dollars before the contract for the repairs of the statehouse be finally closed.

ART. 151. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against it, or adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on his confession in open court. D. 855.

ART. 152. All civil officers shall be removable by an address of twothirds of the members elected to each house of the general assembly, except those whose removal is otherwise provided for by this constitution.

ART. 153. No member of congress nor person holding or exercising any office of trust or profit under the United States, or either of them, or under any foreign power, shall be eligible as a member of the general assembly, or hold or exercise any office of trust or profit under the State.

ART. 154. The laws, public records and the judicial and legislative written proceedings of the State shall be promulgated, preserved and conducted in the English language; but the general assembly, may provide for the publication of the laws in the French language, and prescribe that judicial advertisements in certain designated cities and parishes shall also be made in that language. D. 1522, 2166; Act 1880. No. 38, p. 37.

ART. 155. No ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, shall be passed, nor vested rights be divested, unless for purposes of public utility and for adequate compensation previously made.

ART. 156. Private property shall not be taken nor damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid. D. 1479, 1493.

ART. 157. No power of suspending the laws of this State shall be exercised unless by the general assembly or its authority.

ART. 158. The general assembly shall provide by law for change of venue in civil and criminal cases. D. 3891, 3910.

ART. 159. No person shall hold or exercise at the same time more than one office of trust or profit, except that of justice of the peace or notary public.

ART. 160. The general assembly may determine the mode of filling va

cancies in all offices for which provision is not made in this constitution. D. 2606.

ART. 161. All officers shall continue to discharge the duties of their offices until their successors shall have been inducted into office, except in case of impeachment or suspension. D. 2608.

ART. 162. The military shall be in subordination to the civil power, and no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner.

ART. 163. The general assembly shall make it obligatory upon each parish to support all infirm, sick and disabled paupers residing within its limits; provided, that in every municipal corporation in a parish where the power of the police jury do not extend the said corporation shall support its own infirm, sick and disabled paupers. D. 2743 et seq.

ART. 164. No soldier, sailor or marine in the military or naval service of the United States shall hereafter acquire a domicile in this State by reason of being stationed or doing duty in the same.

ART. 165. It shall be the duty of the general assembly to pass such laws as may be proper and necessary to decide differences by arbitration.

ART. 166. The power of courts to punish for contempt shall be limited by law. D. 124.

ART. 167. The general assembly shall have authority to grant lottery charters or privileges; provided, each charter or privilege shall pay not less than forty thousand dollars per annum in money into the treasury of the State; provided, further, that all charters shall cease and expire on the first of January, eighteen hundred aud ninety-five, from which time all lotteries are prohibited in the State The forty thousand dollars per annum now provided by law to be paid by the Louisiana State lottery company, according to the provisions of its charter, granted in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, shall belong to the charity hospital of New Orleans, and the charter of said company is recognized as a contract binding on the State for the period therein specified, except its monopoly clause, which is hereby abrogated; and all laws contrary to the provisions of this article are hereby declared null and void; provided, said company shall file a written renunciation of all its monopoly features in the office of the secretary of State within sixty days after the ratification of this constitution. Of the additional sums raised byl icenses on lotteries the hospital at Shreveport shall receive ten thousand dollars annually, and the remaining sum shall be divided each year among the several parishes in the State for the benefit of their schools.

ART. 168. In all proceedings or indictments for libel the truth thereof may be given in evidence. The jury in all criminal cases shall be judges of the law and of the facts on the question of guilt or innocence, having been charged as to the law applicable to the case by the presiding judge.

D. 3641.

ART. 169. No officer whose salary is fixed by the constitution shall be allowed any fees or perquisites of office, except where otherwise provided for by this constitution. D. 138.

ART. 170. The regulation of the sale of alcoholic or spirituons liquors is declared a police regulation, and the general assembly may enact laws regulating their sale and nse. D. 1211, 1216.

ART. 171. No person who, at any time, may have been a collector of taxes, whether State, parish or municipal, or who may have been otherwise entrusted with public money or any portion thereof, shall be eligible to the general assembly or to any office of honor, profit or trust under the State government, or any parish or municipality thereof, until he shall have obtained a discharge for the amount of such collections and for all public moneys with which he may have been entrusted.

ART. 172. Gambling is declared to be a vice, and the general assembly shall enact laws for its suppression. D. 911, 913.

ART. 173. Any person who shall directly or indirectly offer or give any sum or sums of money, bribe, present, reward, promise or any other thing to any officer, State, parochial or municipal, or to any member or officer of the general assembly, with the intent to induce or influence such officer or member of the general assembly to appoint any person to office, to vote or exercise any power in him vested, or to perform any duty of him required

with partiality or favor, the person giving or offering to give, and the officer or member of the general assembly so receiving, any money, bribe, present, reward, promise, contract, obligation or security, with the intent or for the purpose or consideration aforesaid, shall be guilty of bribery, and on being found guilty thereof by any court of competent jurisdiction, or by either house of the general assembly of which he may be a member or officer, shall be forever disqualified from holding any office, State, parochial or municipal, and shall be forever ineligible to a seat in the general assembly; provided, that this shall not be so construed as to prevent the general assembly from enacting additional penalties. D. 860, 851, 3952.

ART. 174. Any person may be compelled to testify in any lawful procee sing against any one who may be charged with having committed the offence of bribery, and shall not be permitted to withhold his testimony upon the ground that it may criminate him or subject him to public infamy; but such testimony shall not afterwards be used against him in any judicial proceedings, except for perjury in giving such testimony. D. 860, 851.

ART. 175. The general assembly shall, at its first session, pass laws to protect laborers on buildings, streets, roads, railroads, canals and other similar works, against the failure of contractors and sub-contractors to pay their current wages when due, and to make the corporation, company or individual for whose benefit the work is done responsible for their ultimate payment.

ART. 176. No mortgage or privilege on immovable property shall affect third persons unless recorded or registered in the parish where the property is situated, in the manner and within the time as is now or may be prescribed by law, except privileges for expenses of last illness and privileges for taxes, State, parish or municipal; provided, such privilege shall lapse in three years. D. 2577, 2883, 3093, 3188, 31-9.

ART. 177. Privileges on movable property shall exist without registration for the same, except in such cases as the general assembly may prescribe by law after the adoption of this constitution.

ART. 178. The general assembly shall provide for the interest of State medicine in all its departments, for the protection of the people from unqualified practitioners of medicine; for protecting confidential communications made to medical men by their patients while under professional treatment and for the purpose of such treatment; for the establishment and maintenance of a State board of health. D. 3034.

ART. 179. The general assembly shall create a bureau of agriculture, define its objects, designate its officers and fix their salaries, at such time as the financial condition of the State may warrant them, in their judgment, in making such expenditures; provided, that such expenditures never exceed ten thousand dollars per annum. Act 1880, No. 56.

THE NEW CANAL AND SHELL ROAD.

ART. 180. The new basin canal and shell road and their appurtenances shall not be leased nor alienated. The general assembly, at its first session after the ratification of this constitution, shall provide by law for a superintendent, to be appointed by the governor upon the recommendation of the captains and owners of vessels plying in and of merchants doing business on said canal, to manage the same; and shall enact laws for the regulation, maintenance and management of said caual and shell road; provided dues shall not exceed ten cents per ton on the measurement tonnage of all vessels entering therein The depth of water in the canal basin and on the bar at the mouth shall be kept at the depth of least eight feet; provided. that all expenses of improving and maintaining said caual, shell road and appurtenances, including the wages and salaries of employés, shall be paid out of the revenues thereof, and not otherwise.

MILITIA.

ART. 181. The general assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized, officered, trained, armed and equipped, and of whom it shall consist. D. 2309, 2315.

ART. 182. The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall

receive no pay, rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State.

ART. 183. The general assembly may exempt from military services those who belong to religious societes whose tenets forbid them to bear arms; provided, a money equivalent for these services shall be exacted. The governor shall have power to call the militia into active service for the preservation of law and order, or when the public service may require it; provided, that the police force of any city, town, or parish shall not be organized or used as a part of the State militia.

SUFFRAGE AND ELECTION.

ART. 184. In all elections by the people the electors shall vote by ballot; and in all elections by persons in a representative capacity the vote shall be vira roce. D. 1379-1435.

ART. 185. Every male citizen of the United States, and every male person of foreign birth who has been naturalized or who may have legally declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States before be offers to vote, who is twenty-one years old or upwards, possessing the following qualifications, shall be an elector and shall be entitled to vote at any election by the people, except as hereinafter provided: 1. He shall be an actual resident of the State at least one year next preceding the election at which he offers to vote. 2. He shall be an actual resident of the parish in which he offers to vote at least six months next preceding the election. 3. He shall be an actual resident of the ward or precinct in which he offers to vote at least thirty days next preceding the election.

ART. 186. The general assembly shall provide by law for the proper enforcement of the provisions of the foregoing article; provided, that in the parish of Orleans there shall be a supervisor of registration, who shall be appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, whese term of office shall be for the period of four years, and whose salary, qualifications and duties shall be prescribed by law. And the general assembly may provide for the registration of voters in other parishes.

ART. 187. The following persons shall not be permitted to register, vote or hold any office or appointment of honor, profit or trust in this State, to wit: those who shall have been convicted of treason, embezzlement of public funds, malfeasance in office, larceny, bribery, illegal voting or other crime punishable by hard labor or imprisonment in the penitentiary, idiots and insane persons.

ART. les. No qualification of any kind for suffrage or office, nor any restraint upon the same, on account of race, color or previous condition shall be made by law.

ART. 189. Electors shall, in all cases except for treason, felony or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections, and in going to and returning from the same.

ART. 190. The general assembly shall by law forbid the giving or selling of intoxicating drinks, on the day of election, within one mile of precincts, at any election held within this State.

ART. 191. Until otherwise provided by law the general State election shall be held once every four years on the Tuesday next following the third Monday in April. Presidential electors and members of congress shall be chosen or elected in the manner and the time prescribed by law.

ART. 192 Parochial and the municipal elections in the cities of New Orleans and Shreveport shall be held on the same day as the general State election, and not oftener than once in four years.

ART. 193. For the purpose of voting no person shall be deemed to have gained a residence by reason of his presence, or lost it by reason of his absence, while employed in the service, either civil or military, of this State or of the United States; nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters of the State or the United States, or of the high seas, nor while a student of any institution of learning.

ART. 194. The general assembly shall provide by law for the trial and determination of contested elections of all public officers, whether State, judicial, parochial or municipal. D. 1417-1435.

ART. 195. No person shall be eligible to any office, State, judicial, paro