beft bred Horfe. The ill managed, and unbred, bear it ftill worfe. After fuch a Courfe, these are most apt to run refty. The best Carriers keep their Beatts of Burden well muzzled, that they may not by topping to feed any where but at the Places appointed, rifque the Damage of their Loading. Our Pack-Horfes had done extremely well with this Management. But the Carrier's Man fpoiled the leading Horfe and all the Followers. When the Beafts were tardy or fullen, he fometimes rid and fometimes walked before the Gang, with a Trufs of Hay and a Bag of Corn, which he held in the View of them all, and of which he gave them all Hopes to fhare. Now and then he gave the Bell-Horfe, and a few more of those that kept clofeft to him, a Wad of the Hay and a Mouthful of the Corn, to encourage them, and to ftir

up the others to emulate their Pace. These at laft gained fo much of the Man's Confidence, that he took their Muzzles entirely off, and left them a difcretionary Power to eat and to drink where they would, provided they kept their Followers in Order.

This injudicious Courfe could not long anfwer with British Pack-Horfes, much less with Irish Gar* Fons*, who are generally more intractable, though much cheaper kept. It is not reasonable to ima gine, that Cattle permitted long to go without Reins and Muzzles, and frequently trufted to the Care of the leading Beaft onely, could bear again to be curbed or muzzled, ftinted in their Allowance, and drove harder into the Bargain. This being done, what was to be expected?--That fuch Cattle would take the firft Opportunity of difappointing the Carrier and his Man; that they would ftop thort in the Midft of their Journey, and in full Career break the Bands, and caft their Burdens to the Ground.

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* An Irish Horse, or Jade,

The

The Paffions of Men and Brutes bear great Analogy. While the Leaders of the Irish Senate were pampered by the Miniftry, while they and their Creatures were poffeffed of all the Places of Profit and Trust in the State, with all their Emoluments and Perquifites, what Trouble, what Oppofition did they give the Administration?---What could the Miniftry direct, that they were not ready to carry into Execution?---What Commands were layed, that were not implicitly received and paffively obeyed ?---I fay, what I am ready to prove, none, that the Miniftry thought worth infifting upon. The leading Men were never then afhamed of being called Courtiers. Whigs and Courtiers became fynonymous Terms. All were contented. All was well; very well.

What broke the Connection of this long Chain of minifterial Tranquility?---Two or three different Factions contending for Precedency and Power, divided the Houfe of Commons. The Government judged they might avail themselves of thefe Divifions, and extricate themfelves out of the Hands of their Managers. The Powers, which for a long Time were left in the Hands of the Speaker, without any Controul, fince the Time of that too fhort-lived Lord Lieutenant, who fcorned to govern by the Influence of Party or Faction, or by any Means, to keep up Diftinctions, that had long broke and difunited the People; thefe Powers, particularly that of naming Governors and Sheriffs of Counties, and approving Magiftrates of Cities and Boroughs, too much to be trufted in a single Hand, and too much to be given up by any one at once, were abridged, if not wrefted out of the Hands of the Speaker, and lodged in Hands where they were thought fafer and more for the Purpofes of the Government. And all this, while others of the leading Men were at the fame Time difappointd in their Hopes, which are more easily raised to

the

the most extravagant Pitch in Ireland than any where elfe in the World; For, a Parfon's being told by a facetious Lord Lieutenant in his Levee, that he would make a good Figure in Lawn Sleeves; a Lawyer, that he would look magnificent in a Judge's Robes; or private Gentlemen, that they or their Sons would become a Pike or a Troop of Horfe; or the dignified fenatorial Soldier, that he well deferved a Regiment or a Staff; upon fhewing the Splendor of the outward Trappings of thefe Places, and afking how Bishop fuch an one, Judge fuch an one, Captain, Colonel or General fuch an one did, who were perhaps indifpofed, or reported to be indifpofed for the Purpofe; fuch Compliments and Enquiries never were known to fail paffing with the Dupe for a Promife, or gaining a Vote for the Court in Ireland.

When the Power was thus wrefted out of the Hands of Mr. Speaker, and a few other leading Men were at the fame Time offended, the Confequences may be eafily forefeen, which without this previous Confideration might feem wonderful. Angry Men confulted together. Hot Spirits chafed and heated one another. Each determined to make his Confequence known; which more effectually to atchieve, an Union was brought about. Since the Days of the Irifb Apoftle, Patrick, no Converfion like this was known in the Ifland of Saints. Had Employments and Claret been known in Ireland, in the Time of that venerable Missionary; if he had none in his Bower, he never could have made fo many Profelites with the utmoft Force of his Miffion, feconded onely by cold Water.

Now Courtiers confeffing their Sins, making Profeffions of a new Faith, and changing their Appellations to that of Patriots, were univerfally baptifed in Claret. Solemn Leagues and Covenants were made, not with the Lord, but with the

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People.

People. Nothing was to be done without them. Therefore a popular Question must be started; which if the Court had happened to have foreseen and omitted, the new Converts had never made the Progrefs they did; they had never affumed the captivating Title of Patriots; the very Name of which had ftill layen dormant in accustomed Contempt and Obfcurity, in that Ifland.

Now, Clubs and Confederacies were to be univerfally formed by the Infant Patriots, and more than clerical Anathemas were to be pronounced a gainst Courtiers of all Ranks and Denominations. No Character fo facred, on this Side the Queston, was to escape the blackeft Calumny. The fouleft Reproach was poured out indifcriminately on all ! But all this was onely grumbled in the Dark; till like an immature Earthquake, gathering Force by Degrees; when all the Fuel was collected and prepared, it was by fome lucky Spark to be fet on Fire, in order to burft forth in an overwhelming, confuming Volcano, in the Midft of the next Seffion.

The Seffion was opened without any new Demands from the Throne. The ufual Supplies for the Establishment were alone offered to the Confi deration of the Senate. And whatever Jealoufies and Discontents, between the Governor and the difobliged Chiefs, might have been raised; there was no visible Reafon to apprehend that the usual Supplies would not have been granted; or that any Thing for which there was a recent Precedent could be oppofed in Parlement. The Crown was univerfally confeffedly beloved, revered, and boundlefsly confided in, at all Times. Who could fufpect any Retraction, when no Offence from that Quarter could be pretended or infinuated? Who could think a Court-indicted Bill for difpofing of the publick Money, paffively received and unanimously

moufly paffed in the laft Seffion, fhould, though in the fame exprefs Form and Words, be not onely oppofed, but rejected in this? But what will not Infant Patriots, new Converts do to prove the Sincerity of their Converfion?

The Seffion opened with visible Sparrings and Heart-Burnings of oppofite Parties. They tried their Strength upon fome Questions of lefs Importance. And the Chiefs had Reafon to apprehend they wanted but to give any Quefton the Sanction of Popularity to carry it as they wished.

Upon the Increase of Luxury in that poor Kingdom, there had been about this Time a confiderable Increase of Imports, which neceffarily raised the Revenues fo far beyond what had been calculated for the Support of the Establishment, that a Redundance of fome Hundreds of Thousand Pounds, over and above all the Exigencies of the State, arofe, was collected, and now lay in the Treasury: Whereas, the Nation, upon fome former Emergencies, was forced to run in Debt. The Application of this Surplus to the Payment of the National Debt could not fail of being an interesting popu lar Question. Courtiers and New Patriots, or Anticourtiers were, unfortunately for the Schemes of the latter, agreed in this Point. But, the former layed no fmall Strefs, and indeed with greater Reafon than ever, upon the inferting the previous Confent of the Crown to the Difpofal of that Money in the Preamble of the Bill, as it had the Precedent of the laft Seffion fo ftrongly, fo recently in its Favour. Senfible honeft Men would bluth to have made Conceffions to the Ministry, to have given Powers to the Crown in one Seffion, without Oppofition and to retract them the next, without being able to affign fome rational, fome new Cause. But, blufhing is out of Fashion---in Ireland. The previous Confent in the former Bill had hurt all fenfible, honeft and loyal Men.

Without the
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