It will be seen from the wording of these two Articles 743 and 744, and of Article 746, post, that on points of law, an equal appeal is given to the Crown and to the accused. But in regard to questions of fact it will be seen, by Article 747, as well as by clauses (d) and (e) of Article 646, post, that the right to move for a new trial is not given to the Crown, but only to a convicted defendant.

745. Evidence for Court of Appeal.—On any appeal or application for a new trial, the court before which the trial was had shall, if it thinks necessary, or if the Court of Appeal so desires, send to the Court of Appeal a copy of the whole or of such part as may be material of the evidence or the notes taken by the judge or presiding justice at the trial. The Court of Appeal may, if only the judge's notes are sent and it considers such notes defective, refer to such other evidence of what took place at the trial as it may think fit. The Court of Appeal may in its discretion send back any case to the Court by which it was stated to be amended or re-stated. R.S.C., c. 174, s. 264.

746. Powers of Court of Appeal.—Upon the hearing of any appeal under the powers herein before contained, the Court of Appeal may

(a.) confirm the ruling appealed from; or

(b.) if of opinion that the ruling was erroneous, and that there has been a mis-trial in consequence, direct a new trial; or

(c.) if it considers the sentence erroneous or the arrest of judgment erroneous, pass such a sentence as ought to have been passed or set aside any sentence passed by the court below, and remit the case to the court below with a direction to pass the proper sentence; or

(d) if of opinion in a case in which the accused has been convicted that the ruling was erroneous, and that the accused ought to have been acquitted, direct that the accused shall be discharged, which order shall have all the effects of an acquittal; or

(e.) direct a new trial; or

(f) make such other order as justice requires: Provided that no conviction shall be set aside nor any new trial directed, although it appears that some evidence was improperly admitted or rejected, or that something not according to law was done at the trial or some misdirection given, unless in the opinion of the Court of Appeal some substantial wrong or miscarriage was thereby occasioned on the trial: Provided that if the Court of Appeal is of opinion that any challenge for the defence was improperly disallowed, a new trial shall be granted.

2. If it appears to the Court of Appeal that such wrong or miscarriage affected some count only of the indictment, the Court may give separate directions as to each count and may pass sentence on any count unaffected by such wrong or miscarriage which stands good, or may remit the case to the court below with directions to pass such sentence as justice may require.

3. The order or direction of the Court of Appeal shall be certified under the hand of the presiding Chief Justice or senior puisne judge

to the proper officer of the court before which the case was tried, and such order or direction shall be carried into effect. R.S.C., c. 174, s. 263.

747. Application for a New Trial.-After the conviction of any person for any indictable offence, the Court before which the trial takes place may, either during the sitting or afterwards, give leave to the person convicted to apply to the Court of Appeal for a new trial on the ground that the verdict was against the weight of evidence. The Court of Appeal may, upon hearing such motion, direct a new trial if it thinks fit.

2. In the case of a trial before a Court of General or Quarter Sessions such leave may be given, during or at the end of the session, by the judge or other person who presided at the trial.

748. New Trial by order of the Minister of Justice. If upon any application for the mercy of the Crown, on behalf of any person convicted of an indictable offence, the Minister of Justice entertains a doubt whether such person ought to have been convicted, he may, instead of advising Her Majesty to remit or commute the sentence, after such inquiry as he thinks proper, by an order in writing direct a new trial at such time and before such Court as he may think proper.

See Remarks of Royal Commissioners on this subject set out at pp. 666, and 667, ante.

It will be seen, by the terms of Articles 746, 747 and 748, that no new trial can be granted in favor of the Crown, but only in favor of a convicted defendant.

749. Intermediate effects of appeal.—The sentence of a Court shall not be suspended by reason of any appeal, unless the Court expressly so directs, except where the sentence is that the accused suffer death, or whipping. The production of a certificate from the officer of the Court that a question has been reserved, or that leave has been given to apply for a new trial, or of a certificate from the Attorney-General that he has given leave to move the Court of Appeal, or of a certificate from the Minister of Justice that he has directed a new trial, shall be a sufficient warrant to suspend the execution of any sentence of death or whipping.

2. In all cases it shall be in the discretion of the Court of Appeal in directing a new trial to order the accused to be admitted to bail.

750. Appeal to Supreme Court of Canada.—Any person convicted of any indictable offence, whose conviction has been affirmed on an appeal taken under section seven hundred and forty-two may appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada against the affirmance of such conviction; and the Supreme Court of Canada shall make such rule or order thereon, either, in affirmance of the conviction or for granting a new trial, or otherwise, or for granting or refusing such application, as the justice of the case requires, and shall make all other necessary rules and orders for carrying such rule or order into effect:

Provided that no such appeal can be taken if the Court of Appeal is unanimous in affirming the conviction, nor unless notice of appeal in writing has been served on the Attorney-General within fifteen days after such affirmance or such further time as may be allowed by the Supreme Court of Canada or a judge thereof.

2. Unless such appeal is brought on for hearing by the appellant at the session of the Supreme Court during which such affirmance takes place, or the session next thereafter if the said court is not then in session, the appeal shall be held to have been abandoned, unless otherwise ordered by the Supreme Court or a Judge thereof.

3. The judgment of the Supreme Court shall, in all cases, be final and conclusive. 50-51 V., c. 50, s. 1.

751. Appeals to Privy Council Abolished.-Notwithstanding any royal prerogative, or anything contained in The Interpretation Act or in The Supreme and Exchequer Courts Act, no appeal shall be brought in any criminal case from any judgment or order of any court in Canada to any court of appeal or authority, by which in the United Kingdom appeals or petitions to Her Majesty in Council may be heard. 51 V., c. 43, s. 1.

This is a re-enactment, verbatim, of 51 Vict., c. 43, s. 1.

PART LIII.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS.

752. Further detention of person accused.—Whenever any person in custody charged with an indictable offence has taken proceedings before a judge or criminal Court having jurisdiction in the premises by way of certiorari, habeas corpus or otherwise, to have the legality of his imprisonment inquired into, such judge or Court may, with or without determining the question, make an order for the further detention of the person accused, and direct the judge or justice under whose warrant he is in custody, or any other judge or justice to take any proceedings, hear such evidence, or do such further act as in the opinion of the Court or judge may best further the ends of justice.

753. Reserve of final decision on questions raised at Trial.-Any judge or other person presiding at the sittings of a Court at which any person is tried for an indictable offence under this Act, whether he is the judge of such Court or is appointed by commission or otherwise to hold such sittings, may reserve the giving of his final decision on questions raised at the trial; and his decision, whenever given, shall be considered as if given at the time of the trial. R.S.C., c. 174, s. 269.

PROVISIONS AS TO ONTARIO.

754. Practice in High Court of Justice in Ontario. The practice and procedure in all criminal cases and matters in the High Court of Justice of Ontario which are not provided for in this Act, shall be the same as the practice and procedure in similar cases and matters heretofore. R.S.C., c. 174, s. 270.

755. Commission ofCourt of Assize, etc., in Ontario.-If any general commission for the holding of a Court of Assize and nisi prius, Oyer and Terminer or general gaol delivery is issued by the Governor-General for any county or district in the province of Ontario, such commission shall contain the names of the Justices of the Supreme Court of Judicature for Ontario, and may also contain the names of the Judges of any of the County Courts in Ontario, and of any of Her Majesty's counsel learned in the law duly appointed for the province of Upper Canada, or for the province of Ontario, and if any such commission is for a provisional judicial district, such commission may contain the name of the judge of the district court of the said district.

2. The said courts shall be presided over by one of the justices of the said Supreme Court, or in their absence by one of such county court judges or by one of such counsel, or in the case of any such district by the judge of such district court. R.S.C., c. 174, s. 271.

756. Court of General Sessions, in Ontario.—It shall not be necessary for any Court of General Sessions in the province of Ontario to deliver the gaol of all prisoners who are confined upon charges of theft, but the Court may leave any such cases to be tried at the next Court of Oyer and Terminer and general gaol delivery, if, by reason of the difficulty or importance of the case, or for any other cause, it appears to it proper so to do. R.S.C., c. 174, s. 272.

757. Time for pleading to indictment in Ontario.-If any person is prosecuted in any division of the High Court of Justice for Ontario for any indictable offence, by information there filed, or by indictment there found or removed into such Court, and appears therein in term time in person, or, in case of a corporation, by attorney, to answer to such information or indictment, such defendant, upon being charged therewith, shall not imparl to a following term, but shall plead or demur thereto within four days from the time of his appearance; and in default of his pleading or demurring within four days as aforesaid judgment may be entered against such defendant for want of a plea. R.S.C, c. 174, s. 273.

758. Rule to Plead.-If such defendant appears to such information or indictment by attorney, he shall not imparl to a following term, but a rule, requiring him to plead, may forthwith be given and served, and a plea to such information or indictment may be enforced, or judgment in default may be entered in the same manner as might have been done formerly in cases in which the defendant had appeared to such information or indictment by attorney in a previous

term; but the Court, or any Judge thereof, upon sufficient cause shown for that purpose, may allow further time for such defendant to plead or demur to such information or indictment. R.S.C., c. 174, s. 274.

759. Delay in prosecution, in Ontario.—If any prosecution for an indictable offence, instituted by the Attorney-General for Ontario in the said court, is not brought to trial within twelve months next after the plea of not guilty has been pleaded thereto, the Court in which. such prosecution is depending, upon application made on behalf of any defendant in such prosecution of which application twenty days' previous notice shall be given to such Attorney-General, may make an order authorizing such defendant to bring on the trial of such prosecution; and thereupon such defendant may bring on such trial. accordingly unless a nolle prosequi is entered to such prosecution. R.S.C., c. 174, s. 275.

PROVISIONS AS TO NOVA SCOTIA.

760. Calendar of criminal cases in Nova Scotia.—In the province of Nova Scotia a calendar of the criminal cases shall be sent by the clerk of the Crown to the Grand Jury in each term, together with the depositions taken in each case and the names of the different witnesses, and the indictments shall not be made out, except in Halifax, until the Grand Jury so directs. R.S.C., c. 174, s. 276.

761. Criminal sentence in Nova Scotia.—A judge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia may sentence convicted criminals on any day of the sittings at Halifax, as well as in term time. R.S.C., c. 174 8. 277.

PART LIV.

SPEEDY TRIALS OF INDICTABLE OFFENCES.

762. Application. The provisions of this part do not apply to the North-West Territories or the District of Keewatin. 52 V., 47, s. 3.

., c.

763. Meanings of expressions.-In this part, unless the context otherwise requires,

(a.) the expression "Judge " means and includes,

(i.) in the province of ONTARIO, any judge of a county court, junior judge or deputy judge authorized to act as chairman of the General Sessions of the Peace, and also the judges of the provisional districts of Algoma and Thunder Bay, and the judge of the district court of Muskoka and Parry Sound, authorized respectively to act as chairman of the General Sessions of the Peace;