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tyrdom-His virtues-Another attack by the Iroquois-Heroic conduct of Fathers de Brebeuf and
Lallement-They are made prisoners-Devotedness of their neophytes-The glories of the Huron
Mission scattered.
211
XVII. EARLY CATHOLIC MISSIONS IN THE NORTH WEST.
Third Paper-Fathers De Brebeuf and Lallement.
Martyrdom of Fathers de Brebeuf and Lallement-Their remains solemnly interred-Their heroism
-Details of their martyrdom-Horrible cruelties-Life of Father Lallement-His reasons for
devoting himself to the Indian missions-The Aloysius of the Huron missions-And the Xavier-
Father John De Brebeuf-Sketch of his life-His first attempt to found the Huron mission-
His ardent zeal-And spirit of prayer-His love of the cross-He pants for martyrdom-His diffi-
culties and sufferings among the Hurons-He is exposed to imminent danger of his life-His
humility-His unceasing labors-His calmness-And noble courage-The results of his zeal-The
Apostle of the Hurons, 322
XVIII. WEBSTER'S BUNKER HILL SPEECH.
Relative Treatment of the American Aborigines by the English and Spanish Colonists.
Mr. Webster as an orator-Compared with Preston, Calhoun, and Clay-Mr. Webster's omissions-
His drift-A sound principle-But inconclusive reasoning-Different policy adopted by English
and Spanish colonists-"The Anglo Saxon blood”—A parallel case-Cause of aversion to Spain-
The reformation of Luther-Its influence on liberty-"The middle class"-Luther and the peasants
-Protestant opinions-Religious element in Spanish colonization-Irving's testimony-Portu-
guese colonists-Catholic and Protestant navigators-Who introduced slavery?-Alleged cruelties
of the Spaniards-Las Casas-Cruelties practised by the Puritans-Their treatment of the Aborigi-
nes-The Pokanokets-Shrewd bargaining-King Philip-The Narragansetts-Their extermination
-The Pequods-" The godly Stone"-A horrible conflagration-Settling accounts-"A dark shade
on the soil of Massachusetts," 333
XIX. OUR COLONIAL BLUE LAWS.
Article I.-Union of Church and State.
Why we treat this subject-Who are, and who have been the persecutors?-Meaning of the term
Blue Laws-Effort at concealment-Bancroft's reserve-Other historians of New England-Charac-
ter of the Puritans-Their good and their bad qualities-Their treatment of the Aborigines-Their
inconsistency-Two classes of Blue Laws-Union of Church and State-Conformity-The franchise
-Established religion-Observance of the Sabbath-Severe enactments-Law against priests—
Spirit of persecution in New York-Miscellaneous laws-Indians and wolves-Use of tobacco-
Manner of dress-Cut of the hair-Matrimony-And divorce-By whom were the Blue Laws
repealed?-Some Blue Laws of Virginia-The land of "steady habits"-Catholic Colony of
Maryland, 353
XX. OUR COLONIAL BLUE LAWS.
Article II.-Heretics, Quakers, and Witches.
Two characteristics of the Puritans-Scenting out heresy and witchcraft--Preaching and practice
Consistency-Which colony deserves the palm-Roger Williams-His principles and banishment
-Laws against Quakers-How executed-A strong protest-How answered-Persecution avowed
and proved from the Bible-Witchcraft in New England-Why so prevalent there-Exposition of
Cotton Mather-Shrewdness of the witches-How they were exterminated-"Eight firebrands of
hell" Hanging first, and trying afterwards-Humorous passage from Irving, 369
XXI. THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE.
Temporal and Eternal.
Is this an enlightened age?-Enlightenment and empiricism-Material progress-Constant agitation
and fever-Rest and motion-Self-complacency-Two classes of extravagance pointed out-And
illustrated-Doctrine of progress applied to religion-Degrading religion to an earthly standard-
Reason and faith-Incident related by St. Augustine-Reasoning backwards-A tower of Babel--
Modern systems of philosophy-True and false liberty-Evils growing out of sectarianism-Carry-
ing out a false principle-Private judgment-The great struggle and its final issue-Protestantism
and enlightenment-American infidelity-Parallel lines of reasoning adopted by the sects and
by infidels-Fanaticism and infidelity-Mammonism-Money and virtue-Mammon worship in
churches-Utilitarianism-Wrong views of education-Religious indifference and latitudinarianism
-Frightful moral disorders-Fruits of Protestantism-The great problem of the age,
363
XXII. THE CHARGE OF IDOLATRY.
Honor and Invocation of Saints.
The curve and the straight line-The issue of the Puseyite movement-Its benefits-Origin of the
controversy concerning Idolatry in the Catholic Church-Palmer and Dr. Wiseman-Charge by the
former-How met by the latter-Palmer's criterion applied against himself-His line of reasoning
unfair-Three propositions laid down-And proved-Catholic doctrine stated-Testimony by the
Council of Trent-The Missal and the Breviary-Why are the Saints honored and invoked?—
Passage from the late Pope's encyclical letter explained-Guardian angels-Objected passages
explain themselves-Prayer of Cardinal Bona-Incident in the life of St. Alphonsus Liguori-St.
Francis di Girolamo-The Pope's encyclical again-Palmer's Italics-The climax of idolatry-
Coldness and enthusiasm in devotion-The devotion to the Virgin-Beautiful passage of Dr. Wise-
man-Possible abuse no argument-Palmer's inconsistency-Passages from the ancient fathers-
How he explains them-His glaring perversion of authorities-His work of supererogation-Faith
and practice of the early Church-Beauty and sublimity of the Catholic doctrine-Devotion to the
Virgin-A golden chain, 397
XXIII. THE CATHOLIC DOCTRINE OF SATISFACTION.
Faith and Works.
Harmony of Catholic doctrines-Their scope and influence-The great Physician-His religion medi-
cinal-The doctrine of Satisfaction intimately connected with that of the Atonement-Standing at
the foot of the cross-The center of the religious system-Source of light and heat-The Atonement
sufficient-And made for all-Our co-operation necessary for its application to us-Denying our-
selves and entering into the sacrificial spirit of Christ-Scriptural proofs-Practice of the saints—
Motive for corporal austerities-The cross ever present to the Christian mind-The sacrifice of the
altar and that of the Cross-Protestant view of the Atonement-Faith and works-Halting half
way-The more comfortable and the safer way--Caustic passage of Tertullian-Two roads to
heaven-Palmer's view-His arguments superficial and captious-Temporal punishment for sin
already forgiven-Scriptural examples--Palmer's explanation of them refuted-His paltry quibbling
-Charge of absurdity answered-Reasons for the temporal penalty remaining-Palmer grows
pathetic-Troubling the peace of consciences-Unearthly character of the doctrine-The blessings
it has produced, 418
XXIV. THE CONFESSIONAL.
Tactics of its Enemies.
Strong presumptive evidence of Catholicity-The proud position of the Church-Phases of the
warfare against her-Appeal to passion against truth-Luther's tactics-Those of other reformers
similar-Protestant and infidel arguments against Catholicity compared-The vilest of all the
modes of attack-Closing the church against ladies-Books teeming with obscenity-A burning
shame for Christian ministers-Sympathy with infidels-Who was Michelet?-An amusing inci-
dent-Translator of Michelet-A horrid picture of woman-Mohammedanism revived-Methodist
camp-meetings-A "female Jesuit"-" Incarnation of Satan"-Transcendentalism-A rare conso-
lation!" French bulls"-Inconsistency and contradiction-Michelet as an historian and logician
-His premises false-And his reasoning illogical-Blindness of bigotry-The serpent in paradise-
A portrait-"The end justifies the means"-Great honor to the Church-The beams and the mote
-The confessional considered by the light of experience-A palpable absurdity-A gross libel upon
the sex-Course adopted by the Protestant preachers-Extracts from our theologians-Parallel
cases-"Whipping hypocrisy"-Whence all the clamor against the Confessional-Did the priests
introduce it?-What motive could they have had?-Was it possible to make the change?-
The question of innovation tested-History appealed to-Prescription-Our Saviour and the
Pharisees, 436
XXV. CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT COUNTRIES.
Article I.-England and France-Holland and Belgium.
Influence of Catholicity and Protestantism on material interests-Current theory-The argument
wholly inconclusive-And the facts assumed, but not proved-England's prosperity-How explained
-Rise and decline of Catholic powers-Why God permits the wicked to prosper-Masses of Eng.
land's population-Catholic Ireland-England and France compared-In which is the bulk of the
people more comfortable?-Laing's argument-French and English honesty and politeness-Hol-
land and Belgium compared-Belgian railroads-Charity in Catholic and Protestant countries-
Condition of the poor-Relative prosperity of the Catholic and Protestant population of Prussia—
The serf system-How long it lingered in Protestant countries-Who have been the best friends and
champions of the poor and oppressed? 455
XXVI CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT COUNTRIES.
Article II.-Germany and Italy.
The Catholic and Protestant cantons of Switzerland-An "enlightened self-interest"-Why the
Protestant cantons are more prosperous-Material condition of Catholic Italy-Italian and Scotch
holy days-Mr. Laing's theory for explaining the alleged social inferiority of the Italians—Italy in
ancient and modern times-Influence of climate on popular industry and activity-The Italian
poor compared with those of England and Ireland—Mr. Laing's testimony-The garden-like culture
of Italy-Comparative cheerfulness of Protestant and Catholic nations-Taste for the fine arts—
Politeness-Temperance-Testimony of Robert Dale Owen-Comparative morality-Moral condi-
tion of Sweden-Popular education in Catholic and Protestant countries-The common school
system in Austria-Liberal policy-Relative instruction of English and Belgian operatives-The
Prussian common school system-Religious condition-State of religion at Geneva-Deplorable
defection-Protestantism in other European countries-Mr. Laing's theory to account for the
admitted religious superiority of Catholic nations examined-His honorable testimony to Catholic
faith and piety,
472
XXVII. CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT COUNTRIES.
Article III.-England, as she is and was.
English boasting-What is the condition of her people?-Has her greatness elevated the masses of
her population?—A land of social contrasts-English pauperism a crime-Frightful condition of
English operatives-Summary of evidence on the subject-How England relieves her poor-The
work houses-The dying pauper-Testimony of Dr. Southey-No liberty for the poor in England
-Immorality of London-The Anglican establishment-England evangelizing the world!-The
English aristocracy-Brougham on English taxation-Mammonism in England and America-
Portrait of Daniel O'Connell,
XXVIII. CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT COUNTRIES.
Article IV.-Ireland and the Irish.
492
The great day of reckoning-An historical parallel-Ireland still unconquered-Un-American
feeling of hostility to foreigners-Are we really independent of England?--Political nativism –
What have foreigners done for the country?—Why Irishmen are hated-The Irish character-Its
lights and shades-English treatment of Ireland-The first period of Ireland's sufferings-Protes-
tant evidence-The second period-The reformation in Ireland-Irish fidelity to the ancient faith
-Policy of Elizabeth and the Stuarts-Wholesale confiscation and butchery-The men of 1782-
The Union-Protestant ascendency-Emancipation, 506
XXIX. CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT COUNTRIES.
Article V.-Italian Society.
Dickens and Kip-Superficial travelers-Writing for money-Lady tourists-License for gossiping-
Character of Dickens as a writer-Baretti and Sharp-Italian contentment-Two extremes to be
avoided in the social condition-Material comforts-Difference between the Italians and Americans
-Laboring classes in Italy-Italian squalor-Mode of life among Italians-Their sprightliness—
Vivacity of children-Italians a social people-Their amusements-Gambling-Horse races among
them and us compared-Profane swearing-Temperance-General use of wine--Its effects on tem-
perance and health-Politeness-Meekness among the great-Training of children in Italy-A
gross charge against Italian morality refuted-The fashion of employing Cavalieri Serventi-How
it originated,
XXX. CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT COUNTRIES.
Article VI.-Brazil and the Brazilians.
528
Interest of the subject-Qualifications for an impartial traveler-Misrepresenting Catholic doctrines
and practices Missionary tourists-Mr. Kidder's misstatements-The Brazilians adoring images-
Absurd blunders-Fire-works on the "Sabbath"-Service of the holy week-Decoration of Bra-
zilian churches-Religious emblems and names-Our Lady of the Snow-Homicides in Brazil and
among us-Distributing tracts-A bright youth-The Bible in Brazil-Extracts from it read in
the public schools-"The Bible never proscribed in Brazil"-Inquisitorial censorship-A trick of
the Bible society-The Brazilians liberal and tolerant-The Catholic clergy-Slavery in Brazil-
Touching practices of piety among the slaves-The religious Brotherhoods-The charity hospital
at Rio-Is there any native party in Brazil ?- Failure of Mr. Kidder's mission-His return home-
Advantages of clerical celibacy, 538
XXXI. THE ORIENTAL CHURCHES.
Dr. Durbin's Observations in the East.
The present struggle in the East-The ancient Episcopal Sees-Alexandria-Antioch-Jerusalem-
Constantinople-Statistics of the eastern and western churches in the early ages-Ancient glory
and present degradation of the Oriental Churches-A picture of desolation-A vast necropolis-
Decrease of population-Testimonies of Dr. Frankland and Dr. Durbin-Number of Christians in
the Turkish empire-Chastisement inflicted on the Greek schismatics-Their present forlorn con-
dition-The only hope for their restoration-Their discipline in regard to the celibacy of the clergy
-Their acknowledged agreement in doctrine with the Roman Catholics-Argument founded thereon
in favor of the Catholic Church-Protestant missionaries in the East-Have they succeeded?-Dr.
Durbin's admissions-Iis omissions supplied in regard to the Protestant missions of Hasbeja and
Oroom iah-Disunion among the Protestant missionaries-Catholic missions in the East-Dr. Dur-
bin's candid avowal-Statistics-The seven Apocalyptic churches-The church of Philadelphia-
Downright popery-Christian charity recommended,
554
New York and Rome-Superficial books-Candid avowal-Inaccuracies-Colonnade in front of Saint
Peter's-The ball on the dome-St. Mary Major's-Popes preserving ancient monuments-Italian
Ciceroni-Tricks on travelers-" The lynx-eyed sculptor"-Laughable mistakes-The Jews in Rome
-The chair of St. Peter-Religious services in the Colisseum-Rome not sufficiently progressive-
Picture of Rome as the capital of Christendom-Artistic genius of Italy-Liberality towards foreign
artists-Overbeck-Paintings in churches-Roman churches never closed against worshipers-
Roman charity-Beggars-Italian wines-Valuable suggestion-Italian monks-The Vatican-
Villa Borghese-Education in Rome-Pope Gregory XVI.-The college of cardinals-General
impression made by Rome on our New Yorker,
570
XXXIII. THE PAPAL GOVERNMENT.
The late Roman revolution-Character of Pius IX-His measures of reform-How received by his
subjects-Base ingratitude-Assassination of Rossi and Palma-A reign of terror-Zambianchi and
his band of assassins-Mazzini and his idea of liberty-Europe indignant-The Pontiff restored by
the Catholic powers-Whose fault was it that Pius IX. did not succeed in effecting political reform? -
Monarchy and mob rule-Origin of the papal states-Did the Popes usurp temporal dominion?-
Advantages of their being independent sovereigns-Mr. Headley's Outline Sketch-Statistics
of the papal territory-The government an elective monarchy-How the administration is con-
ducted-Mr. Headley's mistakes and omissions-Board to redress grievances-The Sacra Consulta-
Municipal regulations Opinion of Lunadoro-The Sacra Ruota-An incident-The advocate of
the poor-Charitable and educational institutions cherished by the Papal Government, 585
XXXIV. THE PHILADELPHIA RIOTS.
The Native American Party.
Dreadful scenes-Will they occur again?- Signs of the times-Accident and choice-Fearless
Protestant writers-Letter to Mayor Harper-Remote causes of the Riots-Union of hatred-
What Catholicity has done for liberty and civilization-And what for this country-Real and
nominal freedom-Forecast of Thomas Jefferson-His opinion-Glance at the history of bigotry in
the United States-Burning of the Ursuline convent-Rev. Lyman Beecher-And other Protestant
ministers-Maria Monk-The Protestant Association-A picture of its spirit and proceedings
drawn by a Protestant-Immediate causes of the Riots-Native Americans-" Spare the Bible "—
Doings of the party—A slander refuted-True State of the case-Ex parte evidence-Attempt to
evade responsibility-Agency of the Protestant ministers-Burke's estimate of the Catholic clergy-
Address to the Protestant community-And to the Catholics-The Church indestructible, 596
XXXV. A CHAPTER ON MOBS,
Ancient and Modern.
Can Mobs put down truth and virtue? -Nothing new under the sun-Historical retrospect-Past
trials and triumphs of the Church-The first Mob crucified Christ-The second stoned St. Stephen
-Mobs during the first three centuries-Nero the first instigator of them-Mobs a principal feature
in the early persecutions-How they were gotten up-Persecution of slander-Forgery-Early
Christians branded as aliens and traitors-Tertullian's pointed sarcasm-Mob spirit contagious-
The great Roman Mob under Diocletian-St. Basil's graphic description-Sepulchral monument to
Christianity-Fate of the persecutors-Mobs powerless-The Cross triumphant-Unalterable meek-
ness of early Christians under persecution-Mobs since the reformation-Are they not similar in
spirit to those directed against Christianity during the first three centuries?-A parting word to
American Catholics, 619