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Missionary work. -The Protestant Episcopal and Roman Catholic Churches have missions among these Indians.'

SYNOPSIS OF TREATIES.

Treaty between the United States and the Eastern band of Shoshonee Indians, made at Fort Bridger, Utah, July 2, 1863.

The Shoshonees agree to a perpetual peace. (Art. 1.) Routes of travel through the Shoshonee country shall be and remain forever free and safe. Military posts and settlements may be established along said routes, ferries maintained, houses erected, and settlements formed at such points as may be necessary for the convenience of travel. Any Indians committing depredations shall be delivered up to the United States authorities. (Art. 2.) Telegraph and overland stage lines shall be conducted without molestation or injury. The railroad to the Pacific, or its branches may be located, constructed, and operated without molestation through the Shoshonee country. (Art. 3.)

The following is the boundary of the Shoshonee country: "On the north by the mountains on the north side of the valley of the Shoshonee, or Snake, River; on the east by the Wind River Mountains, Peenapah River, the north fork of Platte, or Koochinagah, and the north park or Buffalo House; and on the south by Yampah River and the Uintah Mountains. The western boundary is left undefined, there being no Shoshonees from that district of country present; but the bands now present claim that their own country is bounded on the west by Salt Lake." (Art 4.)

In consequence of the destruction and driving away of game along the routes of travel and settlements, the United States agrees to pay to the Shoshonees annually for twenty years, $10,000 in such articles as the President shall deem proper. (Art. 5.) "Nothing herein contained shall be construed or taken to admit any other or greater title or interest in the lands embraced within territories described in said treaty in said tribes or bands of Indians than existed in them upon the acquisition of said territories from Mexico by the laws thereof." (Amendment to Art. 5.)

Sum of $6,000 in presents acknowledged to have been received at the conclusion of this treaty. (Art. 6.)

Amended March 7, 1864; ratified June 7, 1869.2

Treaty between the United States and the North-western bands of Shoshonee Indians, made at Box Elder, Utah Territory, July 30, 1863.

Peace and friendship re-established. (Art. 1.)

The Indians agree to the treaty concluded on July 2, 1863, and give their full assent to all its provisions. (Art. 2.)

The United States is to increase their annuity by $5,000 to be paid in the manner provided for in the treaty, and the bands acknowledge the receipt of $2,000 in pres. ents. (Art. 3.)

The country claimed by the North-western Shoshonee Indians is bounded on the west by Raft River and on the Porte-neuf Mountains. (Art. 4.)

Amended in the same manner as Art. 5 in the treaty of July 2, 1863, with the Eastern Shoshonees.

Proclaimed January 17, 1865.3

Treaty between the United States and the Eastern Shoshonee and Bannack Indians, made at Fort Bridger, Utah Territory, July 3, 1868.

Indians agree to a continued peace. Cases of wrong or injury committed towards the Indians the United States agrees, upon suitable proof, to punish the offender and

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1 Report of Indian Commissioner, 1886, p. 261. * United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVIII, p. 685. 3 Ibid., Vol. XIII, p. 663.

S. Ex. 95—13

reimburse the injured person. Indians to deliver up all offenders to Government authority for punishment. (Art. 1.)

For the Bannacks the President shall select a suitable reservation in their present country which shall embrace reasonable portions of the Port Neuf and "Kansas Prairie" countries, and they shall have the same rights and privileges and same expenditures in proportion to numbers, excepting agency house and residence, as provided for Shoshones. The following reservation set apart for the Shoshones: Commencing at the mouth of Owl Creek and running due south to the crest of the divide between the Sweetwater and Papoagie Rivers; thence along the crest of said divide and the summit of Wind River Mountains to the longitude of North Fork of Wind River; thence due north to mouth of said North Fork and up its channel to a point 20 miles above its mouth; thence in a straight line to headwaters of Owl Creek and along middle of channel of Owl Creek to place of beginning. Other Indians may be admitted if Shoshones are willing, and Government agrees that no persons except Government officers shall be permitted to pass over or settle upon said territory, and relinquishes all claim or title to said lands. (Art. 2.) United States agrees to construct agency buildings, shops, mill, and school-house. (Art. 3.) Indians agree to make the reservation their permanent home. (Art. 4.)

Agent to reside on reservation. Evidence in depredation cases to be taken in writing and transmitted to the Indian Commissioner, whose decision shall be binding. (Art. 5.)

An Indian head of a family desiring to farm may choose within the reservation not more than 320 acres, which selection shall be recorded, and land shall belong to him and his heirs forever. Any person over eighteen years old, not the head of a family, may select 80 acres, which shall be recorded, and remain in his exclusive possession. President may order a survey and Congress to fix title. (Art. 6.)

Indians are to compel their children of both sexes between the ages of six and sixteen to attend school, and the Government agrees that for every thirty children between said ages, a school-house and teacher shall be provided. This provision to run twenty years. (Art. 7.)

After the head of a family shall have selected land he shall be entitled to $100 worth of seeds and implements for the first year, and for the next three years succeeding, which he shall continue to farm, $25 per year. All persons to receive instruction, and when one hundred persons have begun to farm, a second blacksmith shall be provided, together with iron, steel, etc. (Art. 8.)

In lieu of all other moneys or annuities provided for under any or all treaties hitherto made, the United States agrees, on the 1st of September of each year, for thirty years, to furnish to each man, woman, and child clothes as herein described in accordance with the census taken by the agent each year. Also $10 to each roaming Indian, and $20 to each Indian engaged in agriculture, to be expended as the Secretary of the Interior may deem proper for a term of ten years. Congress may by law permit money used for clothing to be expended for other purposes. President to detail an army officer to be present at delivery of goods. (Art. 9.) United States to furnish teacher, physician, and employés. (Art. 10.)

To the validity of any treaty ceding lands the consent of a majority of adult males shall be necessary. No cession by the tribe shall deprive any individual member, without his consent, of the tract of land selected by him. (Art. 11.) For three years a prize of $50 shall be expended for the benefit of ten persons growing the best crops each year. (Art. 12.) Until agency established agent to reside at Fort Bridger. (Art. 13.)

Treaty ratified in 1869.

By act of June 1, 1882, the President was authorized to negotiate with the Shoshone and Bannock tribes for the relinquishment of a portion of their reservation."

United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XV, p. 673. 2 Ibid., Vol. XVII, p. 214.

Agreement with Eastern Band of Shoshones, made at Shoshone and Bannock Agency September 26, 1872. 1

Whereas previous to and since the treaty of July 3, 1868, mines have been discovered and citizens of the United States have made improvements within the limits of the reservation set apart by act, and it is deemed advisable for the settlement of all difficulties between the parties arising in consequence of said occupancy to change the southern limit of said reservation.

The Indians cede the land lying south of a line beginning at a point on the eastern boundary of the Shoshone and Bannock Reservation due east of the mouth of the Little Popoagie at its junction with the Popoagie, and running from said point west to the mouth of the Little Popoagie; thence up the Popoagie to the North Fork, and up the North Fork to the mouth of the cañon; thence west to the western boundary of the reservation. (Art. 1.)

United States to pay $25,000, to be expended by the President as follows on or before August 10 each year for five years: $5,000 worth of stock cattle; $500 for five years as salary to Chief Wash-a-kie. (Art. 2.)

Southern line of reservation to be surveyed by United States. Until then no white person to intrude on ceded country. (Art. 3.) Treaty binding when ratified.

By act of Congress, June 22, 1874, the agreement of September 26, 1872, ratified and the money appropriated to purchase stock and pay the salary of chief, as agreed.2

By act of December 15, 1874, the agreement of September 26, 1872, confirmed by special act. The cattle to be furnished under this agreement "shall be good, young American cattle suitable for breeding purposes." 773

The Northern Cheyennes and Northern Arapahoes entered into a treaty at Fort Laramie, Dakota, May 10, 1868. The tribes agree to peace. Offenders to be delivered over to the United States for punishment, the Government to reimburse the injured person on the event of refusing to deliver the offender, the reimbursement to be made from the moneys due the tribe. (Art. 1.)

The two tribes relinquished all rights, claim, and interest to all territory outside that set apart as a reservation for the Southern Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians by treaty of October, 1867, or some portion of the country and reservation set apart and designated as a permanent home for the Broulé and other bands of Sioux by treaty of 1868, except the right to roam and hunt while game shall be in sufficient quantities to justify the chase. The tribes agree not to build any permanent houses outside of said reservation, and that within one year they will attach themselves permanently to the agency provided near the mouth of Medicine Lodge Creek, or to the agency near Fort Randall, Missouri River, or to the Crow Agency. (Art. 2.)

A head of a family desiring to begin farming shall be allotted not more than 320 acres; single persons over eighteen years, not exceeding 80 acres. President may order a survey of the reservation, and Congress shall provide for protecting the rights of settlers in their improvements and fix the character of the title held. United States to pass such laws concerning property and government of Indians as may be thought proper. (Art. 3.) The United States agrees to provide a school-house and teacher for every thirty children who will attend school, the Indian agent to compel all children between six and sixteen years to attend school. This provision to continue for twenty years. (Art. 4.) When the head of a family shall have selected lands and the agent shall be satisfied that the Indian intends in good faith to cultivate the soil for a living, he shall receive seeds and agricultural implements for the first year in value $100, and for three succeeding years in value of $25 per annum. When more than one hundred persons shall enter upon cultivation of the soil a second blacksmith and material shall be provided. (Art. 5.) In lieu of all money payments hitherto provided by treaties, each man, woman, and child to receive clothes, as herein described, for thirty years, * United States Statutes, Vol.

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Report of Indian Commissioner, 1872, p. 127. XVIII, p. 166. 3 Ibid., p. 291.

$10 to each roaming Indian, and $20 to each engaged in agriculture, for ten years, the sum to be expended by the Secretary of the Interior, for such articles as deemed needful. All Indians who shall move on the reservation and are unable to subsist themselves, the United States shall issue to them for four years 1 pound of meat, 1 pound of flour per diem; and to each family coming on the reservation and beginning to farm, one cow and one pair of oxen. (Art. 6). A physician, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmith shall be provided. (Art. 7.) No cession of any portion of the reservation herein described will be valid unless executed and signed by all adult male Indians occupying or interested in the same, and no individual member shall be deprived, without his consent, of the land selected by him, as herein provided for. (Art. 8.) Five hundred dollars shall be expended annually for five years in presents to be given to the ten best farmers. (Art. 9.)

Proclaimed August 25, 1868.1

1 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XV, p. 655.

CHAPTER XXII.

MISSIONARY WORK DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

The following is but a brief and imperfect summary of a great and important work. To fully set forth all that has been undertaken and accomplished for the Indians by the various religious bodies during the present century would require a volume in itself. The facts given below are taken from letters furnished by the secretaries of the boards connected with the different churches and their published reports. The difficulty of obtaining details and condensed statistics will be readily appreciated, as these require time and laborious research among the archives of the societies, and this additional labor was impossible in the midst of the pressing duties of the hour. The missionary labors among the Indians have been as largely educational as strictly pertaining to the church work. It should be borne in mind that until within a score or so of years all Government aid to Indian education passed through the hands of the various missionaries. To these workers, many of whom represent more than one generation, the children succeeding the fathers in the labor of humanity, the Indians owe much of their present ameliorated condition. The Christian sentiment of the country has now all that has been gained in the slow process of uplifting a race.

AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FCR FOREIGN MISSIONS.

This board, the oldest missionary society in the United States, was organized June 29, 1810, at Bradford, Mass. The first annual meeting was held at Farmington, Conn., on the 5th of September, in the same year, at which five persons were present. The receipts for the first year were $999.52.

From these small beginnings the board has increased till its annual receipts have risen in some years to over $500,000. It has had under its care 48 different missions, with which have been connected over 1,600 missionaries, of whom 512 have gone to the North American Indians. The board was originated by the Congregational Church, but soon became the organ of the Presbyterian and Reformed Dutch Churches, who shared in its management.

In 1837, upon the division of the Presbyterian Church, the Old School branch formed a separate organization for missionary labor. The Re

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The churches omitted could not be heard from, although application was made by letter for a statement of their work.

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