the Baptist church about two years. July 7, 1819, Elder John R. Dodge was ordained over the Baptist church, and was dismissed Sept. 26, 1822. The Congregationalists have a meeting house, erected in 1792, and the Baptists, one, built in 1814. The township is watered principally by Saxton's River, which is formed here by the union of several branches. A branch of William's river runs through the north part nearly parallel to the north line. These streams afford several very good mill privileges. The township is considerably uneven, and it abounds in a great variety of minerals. About two miles south from the Congregational meeting house is an immense quantity of excellent steatite, or soap stone, which is quarried to a great extent. Large blocks of it are removed from the ledge by saws, wedges, and bars, and transported about a mile to a mill, whose machinery is moved by water, where it is sawn.

GRAND ISLE.

three miles west from the meeting house, in quartz and mica slate. It is in triangu lar prisms, bevelled at their lateral edges, and striated longitudinally, having triedral terminations. The serpentine is all in one mass, of 30 or 40 tons weight, lying on the western declivity of a small hill, and in full view from the meeting house. Its interior is of a uniform dark green color. It is hard to break, and its fracture splintery. There are two small villages; one at the centre and the other at the junction of the two branches which form Saxton's river. There are 2 grist, 6 saw and 3 fulling mills, 3 carding machines, and 3 stores. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 273; cattle, 1,728; sheep, 10,114; swine, 1,166; wheat, bush. 1,386; barley, 146; oats, 5,229; rye, 1,238; buckwheat, 618; Ind. corn, 4,859; potatoes, 31,646; hay, tons, 3,363; sugar, lbs. 16,185; wool, 20,164. Population, 1,326.

southeast by Guildhall, southwest by Victory, and northwest by East Haven. Chartered October 10, 1761. A considerable settlement had been formed in this town previously to the year 1800, and the numbers continued to increase with considerable rapidity till after the year 1810. But when the cold seasons commenced the people began to abandon their settlements, and continued to leave the town till 1816, when there were only three families left, and the town lost its organization. After this period the numbers began to increase, and the town was reorganized in December, 1821. A branch of Paul's stream, one of the head branches of Moose river, and some other small streams rise in this town. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 29; cattle, 122; sheep, 257; swine, 63; wheat, bu. 191; barley, 78; oats, 378; rye, 27; buck wheat, 94; In. corn,14; potatoes,3,680; hay, tons,257; sugar, lbs. 1,925; wool, 325. Popu. 105.

It is then GRANBY, a township in Essex county, manufactured into aqueducts, pumps, situated in lat. 44° 35' and long. 5° 9', jambs, ovens, mantle pieces, stoves, &c. contains 36 square miles. It lies 47 miles The blocks sawn and bored for the aque-northeast from Montpelier, and is boundducts are two or three feet long, and three ed northeast by Ferdinand and Maidstone, or four inches square. They are sold at the manufactory, completely prepared to be put down, at the astonishing low price of $1,00 per rod. They are found to be much more durable and less liable to get out of repair than wood, and impart no unpleasant taste to the water. In connexion with the steatite are found fine green laminated talc, chlorite, potstone and crystals of actynolite, and bitter spar. The potstone is of a greenish gray color, and is less frangible than the steatite. The crystals of actynolite are large, and of a light green color. Those of bitter spar are of different sizes, presenting rhomboidal surfaces, and are embedded in the steatite. They are usually perfect, but not transparent. Their color is a light gray, and their lustre more pearly than that of calcareous spar. Their structure is distinctly laminated, and they dissolve without effervescence in diluted nitric acid. Cyanite, or sappare, is found about one mile southwest from the meet- GRAND ISLE, a post town in Grand Isle ing house, on the farm of a Mr.Spaulding. county, is in lat. 44° 43' and long. 3° 42' It is of a light blue color, and is in com- and has the lake on all sides, except the pressed hexagonal prisms in mica slate south, where it is bounded by South Heand in massive garnet. There is another ro. It lies 50 miles northwest from Montlocality of it about one mile east from the pelier, and 18 from Burlington. It was centre of the township, where it is embed- granted, in connexion with South Hero, ded in quartz. Garnets abound both in October 27, 1779. The settlement of the talcose and mica slate, and hornblende is township was commenced about the year very common. Also the sulphuret of iron 1783, by Alexander Gordon, William Hain small brown cubes, plumose mica on zen and Lamberton Allen, emigrants from mica slate, limpid quartz in transparent New-Hampshire, and the southern parts of crystals, greasy and milky quartz, schorl this state. For some years after the setand precious serpentine. The schorl is tlement commenced, many circumstances

GRAND ISLE COUNTY.

GRANVILLE.

on the 1st after the 4th Tuesday in April, and the 4th Tuesday in September. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 1,161; cattle, 5,463; sheep, 27,451; swine, 3,179; wheat, bus. 21,430; barley, 1,655; oats, 43,430; rye, 9,504; buckwheat, 9,216; Ind. corn, 13,816; potatoes, 76,408; hay, tons, 8,593; sugar, lbs. 34,478; wool, 57,546. Population, 3,883.

tended to prevent its progress. Sickness, the close of the revolutionary war. The with its concomitant miseries, presented streams here are all small, and there can the most formidable obstacle. Fever and hardly be said to be a good mill privilege ague and bilious fevers, engendered by in the county. There has, however been the noxious vapours from the surroun- one water grist mill, which did considerding waters and the low and marshy able business, and one or two windmills. grounds, were very prevalent, and were The surface of the county is generally fatal in their ravages. No age, or sex, level, and the soil very rich and produc was exempt from their attack. In additive. The first settlers of this county tion to this, the settlers often suffered were subject to fevers and other diseases, from extreme scarcity of provisions. Hunt- induced by the noxious exhalations from ing and fishing were, for some time, their the stagnant waters, but, since the lands onlymeans of gaining a subsistence. These have become generally cleared and cultiobstacles cooled their ardor and damped vated, the inhabitants have become more their ambition. Previous to the year healthy. North Hero is the shire town. 1809, this township constituted a part of The supreme court sits here on the 3d South Hero. This year, it was erected Tuesday in January, and the county court into a separate township by the name of Middle Hero, and was organized. The first town clerk was James Brown, and the first representative Asa Lyon. November 5, 1810, the name was altered to Grand Isle. The principal religious denominations are Congregationalists and Methodists. The Rev. Asa Lyon, a Congregationalist, preached here many years previous to his death, which occurred in GRANVILLE, a post town in the eastern 1840. The Methodist society is supplied part of Addison county, and is bounded by itinerant preachers. The public buil- northerly by Warren and a part of Roxdings are a meeting house and a town bury, easterly by Braintree, southerly by house. There are several small streams Hancock and a part of Rochester and west in this township. There are some con- by Ripton. It lies 22 miles south west siderable hills, but nothing which de- from Montpelier, and 42 north west from serves the name of a mountain. The soil Windsor, in lat. 43° 59' and long. 4o 10'. is rich, and is not surpassed in fertility It was granted November 7, 1780, and by any part of the state. It produces chartered, to Reuben King, August 2, corn and grain in abundance. Fifty 1781, by the name of Kingston. The bushels of corn per acre, and 25 of rye name was altered to Granville, Nov. 6, and wheat are ordinary crops. Among 1834. The settlement of this township the minerals are marble, limestone, rock was commenced soon after the close of the crystals, and sulphuret of iron. The revolution, by Reuben King and others. township produces a great variety of In 20 years from the commencement of fruits, particularly apples, in abundance. The timber is various, consisting of beech, birch, maple, oak, ash, elm, pine, &c. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 216; cattle, 1,160; sheep, 6,451; swine, 726; wheat, bush. 2,953; barley, 106; oats, 10,148; rye, 4,022; buck wheat, 1,146; Indian corn, 2,187; potatoes, 19,968; hay, tons, 2,061; sugar, lbs. 9,893; wool, 12,504. Population, 724.

the settlement there were but 17 deaths, four of them men, two of whom were upwards of 80 years of age, and no estate has been settled by law. Jos. Patrick was the first town clerk, the first justice of the peace, and the first representative. The dysentery prevailed here in 1806, and was very mortal. The religious denominations are Congregationalists and Baptists. White river is formed here by the union GRAND ISLE COUNTY, is bounded of several considerable branches. On one north by Canada, on the north line of of these is a fall of 100 feet. Fifty feet of Alburgh; the rest of the county consists the lower part of it is perpendicular, and of islands, which are embosomed in the at the bottom is a hole worn into the rock waters of lake Champlain. It lies be- ten feet deep. A considerable part of the tween 44° 35' and 45° north lat. and be- surface of the township is mountainous. tween 3° 39' and 3° 47' east long., being | Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 123; cattle, 28 miles long from north to south, and 560; sheep, 2,100; swine, 440; wheat, about 5 miles wide, and containing 82 bush. 1,006; oats, 5,300; rye, 60; buck square miles. It was incorporated No-wheat, 205; Indian corn, 560; potatoes, vember 9, 1802. No permanent settle- 19,200; hay, tons, 1,390; sugar, lbs. ment was made in this county until after 15,900; wool 5,900. Population, 545.

GREEN MOUNTAINS.

GREEN RIVER.-GREENSBOROUGH.

GROTON.

GRASSY BROOK. See Brookline. of March, Mrs. Shephard was delivered GREEN MOUNTAINS. (See part first, p. of a son, William Scott, the first child 3.) The principal summits of the Green born in this town. The proprietors voted Mountains are Shrewsbury peak in him a present of 100 acres of land. In1790, Shrewsbury, Killington peak in Sher- Mr. Joseph Stanley removed his family burne, Camel's Hump in Huntington, here, and the same year the Hon. TimoMansfield mountains in Mansfield, Ster- thy Stanley erected the first saw mill on ling peak in Sterling, and Jay peak in Jay. the outlet of Caspian Lake. In 1791, Mr. GREEN RIVER. There are two small Law and three Messrs. Hills, removed streams of this name. One rises in Eden, their families here. This year Mr. T. passes through the corner of Hydepark, Stanley erected a house and grist mill, and and falls into the Lamoille in Wolcott. removed his family here in 1792. In 1795, The other originates in Marlborough, and there were 23 families and 108 persons in after running through a part of Halifax and town. The town organized, March 29, Guilford, passes off into Massachusetts. 1792. The denominations of Christians GREENSBOROUGH, a post town, six miles are, Baptists, Congregationalists and square, lying in the south part of Orleans county, in lat. 44° 36' and long. 4° 41. It is bounded northerly by Glover, easterly by Wheelock and Goshen gore, southerly by Hardwick, and westerly by Craftsbury and a small part of Wolcott. It lies 27 miles northeasterly from Montpelier, and 79 miles north from Windsor. This township was granted November 6, 1780, and chartered August 20, 1781, to Harris Colt and his associates. Messrs. Tolman and Wood visited this town, and spent three days here, in the spring of 1787. In December, 1788, the Hon. Timothy Stanley lost his foot by frost, attending a meeting of the proprietors of this township at Cabot. The first settlement was begun in Greensborough, in the spring of 1789, when Messrs. Ashbel and Aaron Shepard removed, with their families, from Newbury to this place. The hardships which the first settlers of this town had to endure, were very considerable. In coming into the town, the women had to proceed on foot, and all the furniture, belonging to the two families, was drawn upon three hand sleds, on the crust. Both families consisted of five persons, Mr. Ashbel Shepard and his wife, and Mr. Aaron Shepard, his wife and one child. Mr. Aaron Shepard removed his family to Coos in August, and did not return till March, when his brother, Horace Shepard and family, returned with him. Thus were Mr. Ashbel Shepard and his wife, left from August till March, with no other human being in the town. Their nearest neighbors were Mr. Cutler's family, in Craftsbury, which had removed there the preceding autumn, and Mr. Webster's family, in Cabot. Mr. Shepard brought all his grain from Newbury, a distance of more than 40 miles, of which he drew it 16 miles upon a hand sled, with the snow between four and five feet deep. In the same manner, he drew hay for the support of a cow, from a meadow of wild grass, three miles distant On the 25th

Methodists. The Rev. Salmon King was settled over the Congregational church here about the year 1808, and continued a few years. The surface of this town is uneven, but the elevations are not generally abrupt. The land is well timbered, mostly with hard wood, except on the river and about its head waters, where it is almost entirely hemlock, spruce, cedar and fir. The soil is of a middling quali ty, but on account of its being situated about the head waters of several considerable rivers, much of the land is wet and cold, and the crops are liable to suffer by frost. The river Lamoille is formed by the union of several streams in this town. Caspian Lake or Lake Beautiful, lies in the south part of this town, and discharges its waters to the east into the Lamoille, affording a number of valuable mill privileges, around which has grown up a beautiful little village, containing a meeting house, store, &c. This pond is about 3 miles long, and 13 broad. Elligo pond, lying mostly in the western part of this town, is about a mile long, and forms the head waters of Black river. These ponds produce abundance of fine trout. Runaway Pond (see Glover) was partly in this town, and was formerly the source of the Lamoille. There are several other small ponds in the north part of the town, which, at present, form the head waters of the Lamoille. One grist mill, three saw mills, one fulling mill, and one carding machine. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 198; cattle, 1,202; sheep, 4,524; swine, 561; wheat, bu. 2,074; barley, 1,656; oats, 9,907; rye, 64; b'k wheat, 478; Indian corn, 557; potatoes, 42,423; hay, tons, 3,215; sugar, lbs. 43,920; wool, 11,820. Population, 883.

GROTON, a township in the south part of Caledonia county, is in lat. 44° 14' and long. 4° 45', and is bounded north by Peacham, east by Ryegate, south by Topsham, and west by Harris' gore. It lies 16 miles east from Montpelier, and

GUILDHALL.

GUILFORD.

quently annoyed by the Indians and tories, who killed their cattle, plundered their houses, and carried a number of the inhabitants into captivity. The first town meeting recorded was in March, 1785. But it appears from the records, that the town had been previously organized. The

15 northwest from Newbury. It was ted to Elisha Hall and his associates. granted November 7, 1780, and chartered The settlement was commenced in the to Thomas Butterfield and his associates, lower part of this town, which was then October 20, 1789, containing 28,300 acres. thought to be a part of Lunenburgh, in The settlement of the township was com- 1764, by David Page, Timothy Nash and menced in 1787, by Messrs. James, Ab- George Wheeler. In 1775, Enoch Hall, bott, Morse and Osmore. John James Micah Amy and James Rosbrook joined was the first male child born in town. the settlement; Eleazer Rosbrook and The town was organized March 28, 1797, Samuel Page, in 1778, and David Hopkinand Nathaniel Knight was the first town son, and Reuben and Simeon Howe, in clerk. The wife of a Mr. Page, in this 1779. The first settlers suffered severe town, was, in 1819, delivered of four male privations and hardships for a number of children at a birth. The religious denom- years. They brought their grain and proinations are Baptists and Methodists. visions, in canoes, from Northfield in The ministers are Elder Lyman Culver, Massachusetts, a distance of more than Baptist, and Elder James Smith, Metho- 150 miles. During the revolutionary war, dists. The surface of this township is they were in continual alarm, and fre- | generally uneven, rough and stoney. There is, however, some very good land, both in the northeast and southwestern parts. The timber is mostly spruce and hemlock, interspersed with maple, beech and birch. This township is watered by Wells river and some of its branches, which afford several good mill privileges. denominations of Christians are CongreThere are also several natural ponds. Wells river pond, through which Wells river passes, is in the north part, and is three miles long and three quarters of a mile wide. Little pond, in the southeastern part, covers about 100 acres, and lies in the course of Wells river. Kettle pond, so called on account of Mr. Hosmer, a hunter, having lost a small kettle in its vicinity, lies in the northwest corner, and covers about 40 acres. The south branch rises in Harris' gore, and running nearly east through the south part of the town, joins Wells river just balow Little pond. In the south part of the township is an extensive bank of white clay or marl, which is a very good substitute for chalk, and which has been used instead of lime in plastering, and is said to answer a very good purpose. There are here one grist, seven saw and one fulling mill, two stores and two tanneries. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 169; cattle, 1,138; sheep, 2,061; swine, 605; wheat, bus. 2,185; barley, 306 oats, 13,618; Indian corn, 2,967; potatoes, 31, 095; hay, tons, 2,009; sugar, lbs. 20,530; wool, 4,001. Population, 928.

gationalists, Methodists and Baptists. The Congregational church was formed in 1799; settled the Rev. Caleb Burge, August 3, 1808, who was dismissed in March, 1814. The Rev. James Tisdale was settled September 20, 1830, and dismissed in May, 1836. The Rev. Francis P. Smith, the present pastor, was settled in September, 1838. There have been two county grammar school houses erected in this town, both of which were consumed by fire. The surface of this town, except on the river, is uneven, hard and rocky. The intervales and flats are easy and fertile.

Burnside and Cow mountain are considerable elevations. Connecticut river washes the east side of this town. Its other waters are, Cutler's Mill brook, on which mills have been erected, and Burnside brook, on which also, are mill privileges. There is a small village in the northeast corner of the town, containing the county buildings, several offices, stores, &c. At this village is a good bridge across Connecticut river. There is another bridge, connecting this town with Lancaster, near the south east corner. There are here two stores, one tavGUILDHALL, a post and shire township ern, one grain mill, two saw mills, and in Essex county, situated in lat. 44° 32' one fulling mill. Statistics of 1840.and long. 5° 18', containing 19,477 acres, Horses, 126; cattle, 794; sheep, 1,285; or thirty square miles. It is 50 miles swine, 446; wheat, bu. 957; barley, 78; northeast from Montpelier, 25 from Dan. oats, 6,285; buck wheat, 1,774; In. corn, ville, and 83 from Windsor. It is bound- 905; potatoes, 25,025; hay, tons, 1,415; ed north by Maidstone, east by Connec- sugar, bs. 11,800; wool, 2,081. Populaticut river, south by Lunenburgh, and tion, 470.

west by Granby, and lies opposite to Lan- GUILFORD, a post town in the south" caster in New Hampshire. Guildhall part of Windham county, is in lat. 42° was chartered October 10, 1761, and gran-47' and long. 4° 26', and is bounded north

GUILFORD.

GUILFORD,

the hills and vallies were smoking with huts. By the charter 350 acres were called a share, and all the proprietors shared alike. The reservations in the charter consisted of "one whole share to the society in England for propagating the gospel in foreign parts-one to the first settled minister of the gospel-and one whole share for a glebe, for the ministry of the church of England, as by law

by Brattleborough, east by Vernon, south er the whole township was a village-all by Leyden, Massachusetts, and west by Halifax. It lies 50 miles south from Windsor, 31 east from Bennington. It was chartered April 2, 1754, to fifty-four proprietors, principally of Massachusetts, and contained 23,040 acres. When granted the town was a perfect wilderness, yet by the charter, the grantees were to hold their first meeting for the choice of officers, &c. on the first of May, 1754, and on the first Tuesday of March ever established." The governor was not unafterwards. It seems the town was first mindful of his own interest. He reserved organized by and under the very grant 500 acres to be located by itself, for his itself. Power was given to the grant- own. The town was laid out into 50 and ees to transact the business of the town 100 acre lots. The public rights were as a majority should see fit, subject only fairly located, but that of the royal gover to the control of the parliament of Eng-nor fell upon the only mountain in town, land. This little enterprising band, com- which still bears the name of authority posed of Samuel Hunt, John Chandler, upon the map-"Gov. Mountain." Al David Field, Elijah Williams, Micah though no reservation was made in the Rice, Ira Carpenter and others, having grant for the use of schools, yet one little to fear from the nominal power of whole share was located for that purpose. parliament, in the wilderness of Vermont, That was a just and generous act of the assumed the title, which was virtually proprietors, but it was not the same libercreated by their charter, of a little indepen-ality that governed them, when they lo dent republic. By the records of their cated, sold and settled one whole tier of first meetings, they appear to have been hundred acre lots north beyond the exgoverned by certain committees, chosen tent of their charter. That was the case for the purpose of surveying the lands, laying roads, drawing the shares or lots, taxing the rights, &c.; but their greatest object was to procure and encourage settlers. Their meetings were held at Greenfield, Northfield, Hinsdale or Brattleboro', until 1765, when their first meeting was held at Guilford. There was a condition which, if not performed, went to defeat the grant. The grantees were to settle, clear and cultivate, in five years, five The first land was cleared in 1758 by acres for every 50 in said township. Al- the Hon. Jona. Hunt and Elisha Hunt, though much time and money were spent on the farm now occupied by the Rev. in making roads and clearing lands, yet Asa Haynes. The first settlement was on the 20th of March, 1764, the grantees made by Micah Rice and family, in Sep; by a special committee chosen, petitioned tember, 1761, on the place now occupied the governor of N. H. for a confirmation by Jeremiah Greenleaf, Esq. Mr. R.'s of their grant, and an extention of the widow died in 1832, aged 95 years, and time, stating that the intervention of an his oldest son is now living here, aged 80. Indian war had made it impracticable for Soon after followed Jonathan Bigelow, them to fulfil the conditions of the char- John Barney, Daniel Lynds, Wm. Bigeter. Their prayer was granted and the low, Ebenezer Goodenough, Paul Chase, time for settling the town, extended to Thomas Cutler, John Shepardson, and the first of January, 1766. From the time others. They came into town by the way the charter was confirmed in 1764, the town began to be rapidly settled by emigrants from Massachusetts and other New-England states. Through the policy of the original proprietors, the first settlers began upon lots of 50 acres, in order to fulfil the condition of the grant. So rapid was the increase of population, that the town soon became the largest in the state as to numbers. Yet there was not a single village in the township, or rath

and the same is held by the town to this day. "All the pine trees suitable for masting the royal Navy" were reserved to his Majesty. This shews the attention the English nation paid to the Navy. One hundred miles from the ocean, where no such timber grew, was that reservation made. What has been related, with a little "proclamation money," was the price of the charter.

of Broad brook. Beginning at the mouth of that stream on Connecticut river in Vernon, and passing up on its banks, they found their way into Guilford.That was then the only road, and even that was impassable with teams. The first settlers had either to boil or pound their corn, or go 15 miles to mill with a grist upon their backs. It appears, by what records can be found, that the town was wholly governed by a set of officers