COLCHESTER.

ton, and west by lake Champlain. It is 116 miles north from Bennington, and 36 miles northwest from Montpelier. It was chartered June 7th, 1763, with its present name; but from the fact that among the grantees there were ten by the name of Burling, it is supposed Burlington was the name originally intended for this town,but through some mistake was given to the town adjoining it on the south. The settlement of this town was commenced in 1774, at the lower falls on Winooski or Onion river, by Ira Allen and Remember Baker. Baker's family,consisting of a wife and three children, was the first in town." In 1775, Joshua Staunton began improvements on the intervale above the narrows in that river, and there was a small clearing made at Mallet's bay before the revolution. From the spring of 1776, the town was, abandoned by the settlers till after the close of the war, in 1783, when Messrs. McClain, Low and Boardman, settled on Colchester Point, and General Allen returned and renewed the settlement at the falls. Allen erected mills, a forge and a shop for fabricating anchors, and the place soon assumed the appearance of a considerable village. The town was organized about the year 1791, and Ira Allen was first town clerk. It was first represented in 1793, by Joshua Staunton. The religious denominations are Congregationalists, Baptists, and Methodists. The Congregational church was gathered in 1805, but have never had a settled pastor, and for a great portion of the time been destitute of regular preaching. The Baptist church was organized in 1816. Phineas Culver was settled the nominal pastor till 1832. They were over this church in 1820, and remained without a settled pastor from that time till this year when Columbus Green was ordained over it. These two churches house in 1838, which they now occupy in erected a commodious brick meeting

COLCHINE

on, and west by lake Champlain in 16 miles north from Bennington, wh biles northwest from Montpeler. It hartered June 7th, 1763, with its pre me; but from the fact that ama antees there were ten by the t rling, it is supposed Burlington w me originally intended for this town Ough some mistake was given by adjoining it on the south. Thes ent of this town was commenced at the lower falls on river, by Ira Allen and Remen - Baker's family, consisting of i we Free children, was the first in tort 5, Joshua Staunton began ing on the intervale above the river, and there was a smal at Mallet's bay before the From the spring of 1776, the doned by the settlers till da of the war, in 1763, when Mest Low and Boardman, sta ster Point, and General ed and renewed e falls. Allen erected shop for fabricating ancha ce soon assumed the

COLCHESTER.

CONCORD.

The largest contains about 60 acres. On 306; oats, 9,856; rye, 5,973; b'k wheat,
the outlet to this pond are still seen the 1,202; Ind. corn, 10,343; potatoes, 36,-
remains of beavers' works. The princi-324; hay, tons, 3,401; sugar, lbs. 1,900;
pal streams of this town are, the river La- wool, 11,375. Population, 1739.
moille which runs from Milton through
the northwest corner into lake Champlain;
Mallets creek which also comes from Mil-
ton and empties into Mallets bay; Indian
creek which runs into Mallets creek; and
Winooski river on the south. The soil
in the north and northwestern parts is a
variety of gravel and loam, and is well
adapted to grazing, though Indian corn,
the English grains and the common culi-
nary roots are successfully cultivated.
The timber in these parts is principally
white pine, beech, maple, birch, basswood,
ash, elin, oak, walnut, butternut and
some chestnut. In the middle part of the
town is a large tract of pine plain, mostly
covered with pitch pine and small oaks,
and seems more particularly adapted to
the raising of rye and corn. On the bank
of the Winooski river, are large tracts of
intervale. Besides the ordinary methods
of enriching the soil, plaister of Paris has
been used in this town with great success.
The rocks in the northern and eastern
parts are mostly composed of lime and
slate with occasional bolders of granite;
red sand stone is found in abundance near
Mallets bay. Iron ore has been found in
small quantities in the western part of the
town, and sulphate of iron is found in the
northeastern part. About the year 1812,
or 13, the dysentery prevailed here ex-
tensively, and in the early settlements
there were frequent cases of the fever and
ague, but the town has generally been
very healthy. There have been two in-
dividuals in this town who have lived to
be upwards of 100 years old, and two oth-
ers who have lived to be above 90.

CONCORD, a post town in the southern
extremity of Essex county, situated in lat.
44° 25' and long. 5° 8', containing about
47 square miles. It is bounded northwest-
erly by Kirby and Bradleyvale, northeast-
erly by Lunenburgh, southeasterly by
Connecticut river, and southwesterly by
Waterford, lying opposite to Littleton, in
New Hampshire. It was granted Nov. 7,
1780, and chartered September 15, 1781,
to Reuben Jones and his associates. The
first settlement of Concord was commen-
ced in 1788, by Joseph Ball. Among the
settlers, who came into town previous to
the year 1794, may be mentioned Amos
Underwood, Solomon Babcock, Daniel
Gregory, Benjamin Streeter, Jonathan
and Jesse Woodbury and Levi Ball. In
1795, when John Fry came into town,
there were 17 families here. The first
settlers were principally from Westboro'
and Royalston, Mass. John, son of Joseph
Ball, was born in 1789, and was the first
child born in town. The first town meet-
ing was held and the town organized
March 3, 1794. Elijah Spafford was first
town clerk. At this meeting 14 persons
took the freeman's oath. There are a
Congregational, a Freewill Baptist and a
Methodist church, in this town. The
Congregational church was organized
January 7, 1807, and then consisted of 17
members. The Rev. Samuel Godard was
ordained over it Sept. 7, 1809, and dismiss-
ed June 6, 1821. The Rev. Samuel R.
Hall was ordained March 4, 1823, and
continued till August, 1830. The Rev.
Solon Martin was ordained June 7, 1835,
and dismissed Oct. 1, 1838. The Free-
Winooski village is situated at Winoos- will Baptist church was formed Oct. 10,
ki lower falls, being partly in this town 1821, and the Methodist church in May,
and partly in Burlington, and 1 miles 1822. Concord academy was incorpora-
from Burlington village. The water pow-ted here November, 1823, and was for 6
er here is sufficient for almost any amount or 7 years, while under the charge of the
of machinery. The village has suffered Rev. S. R. Hall, a very flourishing insti-
very severely by fire. On the 21st of tution. Hall's pond, lying near the cen-
Dec. 1838, an extensive block factory, a tre of the town, is about a mile long and
Miles'
large satinet factory, a paper mill, and on an average 100 rods wide.
saw mill were consumed in one conflagra- pond is about the same size, and lies near
tion. There are at present in this village, the northeast corner of the town. This
on the Colchester side of the river, a hand- town is watered by Moose river, which
some meeting house, two stores, two tav-passes through the northwest part, by
erns, a saw mill, machine shop, sash fac- Connecticut river, on the south, and by
tory, and an extensive woollen factory for several small streams. The surface of
the manufacture of broad cloths. A sub- the town is uneven, and in the northeas-
stantial covered bridge connects the two tern parts, very stoney. It is an excel-
parts of the village. The town is divided lent grazing township, and has some good
in to 9 school districts. Statistics of 1840.-tillage land. The town contains two
Horses, 229; cattle, 1,667; sheep, 5,953; stores, a meeting house and several mills.
swine, 1,169; wheat, bu. 1,903; barley, Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 329; cattle,

siderable village. The
about the year 179,
s first town clerk, ka
ed in 1793, by Josha Sha
igions denominationi &
lists, Baptists, and
Ongregational church #9
5, but have never
and for a great parue?
stitute of regular pres
st church was orga
as Culver wa S
in 1820), and
till 1832 Ther
pastor from that
Columbus Greet
These two chea

ous brick mess
they now wa
dists have gener
preaching an
ick chapel. The
Congregatio
village,
dogs b
ce of three
he good buse
town base

this bat

CONNECTICUT RIVER.

1,837; sheep, 3,880; swine, 812; wheat, bu. 3,579; barley, 308; oats, 13,150); rye, 469; b'k wheat, 614; Ind. corn, 1,906; potatoes, 48,885; hay, tons, 3,609; sugar, lbs. 19,090; wool, 6,218. Pop. 1024.

CORINTH.

of 130 miles, is about 200 feet.* There are in the river, several bars of sand, over which boats pass with difficulty in low water. At such times a bar between Deerfield and Montague, Mass., renders the river fordable. Connecticut river receives from Vermont, beginning at the north, Nulhegan, Passumpsic, Wells, Wait's, Ompomponoosuc, White, Ottâ Quechee, Black, William's, Saxton's and West rivers; and from New Hampshire, Upper and Lower Amonoosuc, Israel's, John's, Mascomy, Sugar, Cold, and Ashuelot rivers. Between Vermont and New Hampshire this river is crossed by about 20 bridges. The flats, along the river, are, in some places, low and extensive;

The intervales are not surpassed in fertility and beauty by any in the United States. In spring, the river usually overflows its banks through a distance of 300 miles. The scenery, along this Nile of New England, is variegated by a succession of neat and pleasant villages, and is charming beyond description.

CONNECTICUT RIVER lies between Vermont and New Hampshire, and belongs wholly to the latter. Its name is from the Indian words Quonnec or Unnec, signifying long, and Tucque or Tuck, signifying river. When the Indians spoke of any thing happening at this river they used the expression Quonnec tucquok, or Unnectuckok, meaning at the long river; and hence comes Connecticut. This river originates among the mountains in the north part of New Hampshire, and, for some distance, forms the boundary be-in others, the banks are high and rocky. tween that state and Canada. After running between New Hampshire and Vermont, it passes through Massachusetts and Connecticut, and falls into Long Island Sound. The breadth of this river, when it first washes Vermont, is about 150 feet, and, in the course of 60 miles, increases to 390 feet. In Massachusetts and Connecticut its breadth may be estimated from 450 to 1050 feet. The depth of the river, below the head of boat navigation, may be stated to vary from five to twelve feet. This river is navigable for vessels drawing ten feet of water, 36 miles, to Middletown; for small sloops, 50 miles to Hartford; and by means of canals and other improvements, it has been rendered passable for boats to the Fifteen Mile Falls, 250 miles further. There are, in this river, many rapids. The most considerable are Bellows' Falls, between Rockingham and Walpole, N. H., (see Rockingham,) Ottà Quechee Falls, just below the mouth of Ottà Quechee river, White River Falls, just above the mouth of White river, and the Fifteen Mile Falls, which extend from Barnet to Lunenburgh. The perpendicular height of the falls, which have been made passable by dams and locks, between Springfield, Mass. and Hanover, N. H. a distance

Preparatory to granting the townships along Connecticut river, Joseph Blanchard, under a com

CORINTH, a post town six miles square in the central part of Orange county, is in lat. 44° 2' and long. 4° 42', and is bounded northerly by Topsham, easterly by Bradford, southerly by Vershire and westerly by Washington. It lies 21 miles southeast from Montpelier, 12 westerly from Haverhill, N. H. and 41 north from Windsor. It was chartered by New Hampshire, Feb. 4, 1764, to Messrs. Ward, Taplin, and others. A confirmation grant was, afterwards procured from New York, by Henry Moore and others. In the spring of 1777, previous to the settlement of the town, Ezekiel Colby, John Nutting and John Armand, spent several weeks here in manufacturing maple sugar. They started together from Newbury, with each a five pail kettle on his head, and with this load they travelled, by a pocket compass, 12 miles through the wilderness to the place of destination near the centre of the township. This year, Mr. Colby moved his family into Corinth, which was the first family in town. The next year, 1778, Mr. Nutting moved his family here, and Mrs. Colby was delivered of a son, Henry, the first child born in town.

1779, Messrs. Edmund Brown, Samuel Norris, Jacob Fowler and Bracket Towle, moved their families here, and the same

mission from the governor of New Hampshire, in March, 1760, made a survey of that river upon the ice, from Charlestown, N. H. to the lower Coos, and the next year the survey was continued by Hugh-In bartes Neel, to the upper Coos. In this survey monuments were placed upon the banks of the river, once in the distance of 6 miles in a right line, to mark the corners of the river towns, which were to be surveyed afterwards. A plan of this survey was kept in the land office at Portsmouth, and from it the courses and distances were taken by Gov. Wentworth,in making out the charters of townships along the river. These facts, together with a full account of the surveys, and the troubles arising from con- †The first bridge over the Connecticut was built flicting claims, and which we are obliged for the in 1785, at Bellows' Falls, by Col. Enoch Hale. The want of room to omit, were furnished by J. Mc-second was built at Windsor, and completed in Oct. Duffee, Esq.

*The total fall of Connecticut river, from lake Connecticut to the head of McIndoes falls in Barnet, 92 1-2 miles, is 1140 feet; and from the latter place to tide water, at Hartford, Conn. the fall is 449 feet.

1796.-Graham.

CORINTH.

COOS.

CORNWALL.

face of this township is generally very uneven and broken, and the elevations abrupt, yet the land is, in almost every part, susceptible of cultivation. The soil consists of a dark loam, mixed with a small portion of sand, is easily cultivated and is very productive. The land was originally timbered with hard wood except on the streams, where there was a mixture of hemlock, spruce and fir. There is nothing peculiar in its mineralogy. Small but handsome specimens of feldspar, garnet, serpentine, hornblend, mica and rock crystal have been found. The rocks are principally granite and mica slate. This township is well watered by Wait's river, which runs through the northeast part, and by several of its branches. On North branch, from Topsham, in the northeast corner of the town, is East village, containing 2 meeting houses, 2 stores, a post office, grist mill, &c. Another branch rises in Washington, passes through the south part of this town, and unites with Wait's river in the western part of Bradford. There are some other streams on which mills and other machinery are erected. There are in town 5 meeting houses, 21 school districts, 5 stores, &c. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 536; cattle, 3,401; sheep, 11,886; swine, 1,673; wheat, bu. 6,745; barley, 285; oats, 21,879; rye, 313; buck wheat, 1,096; Ind. corn, 10,506; potatoes, 71,845; hay, tons, 6,240; sugar, lbs, 33,585; wool, 20,343. Population, 1,970.

year, Mr. John Aiken, of Wentworth, N. | died here, March 26, 1824, aged 101
H., erected the first grist mill, which years and seven months.
The sur-
went into operation the year following.
Previous to this, the settlers had to go to
Newbury, 12 miles, for their grinding.
In 1780, several other families came in,
and the town was organized. George
Bondfield was first town clerk, David
McKeen first constable, and Nehemiah
Lovewell first representative. Some time,
this year, Lieut. Elliot was stationed here
with 20 men to defend the inhabitants
against the Indians and tories, and built
a small fort. In 1781, Col. Wait and
Major Kingsbury, with two companies of
soldiers, under Captains Sealy and Nel-
son, built a fort near the centre of the
town, on what is called Cook's hill, and
made this their head quarters. October
16, of this year, five men, from this fort,
viz: Moses Warner, John Barret, John
Sargeant, Jonathan Luce and Daniel
Hovey, being on a scout, and proceeding
down Winooski river, were fired upon in
the township of Jericho by a party of 16
tories. Warner, Sargeant and Barret were
wounded, the latter mortally. He lived
about 40 hours and was buried near the
margin of Winooski river in Colchester.
The others were carried to Quebec, and
kept till the next spring when they were
suffered to return. In 1782, a British
scouting party from Canada, about 20 in
number, under Major Breakenridge, after
annoying the settlers of Newbury, killing
one man and taking another prisoner,
proceeded to Corinth, where they com-
pelled the settlers to take the oath of al-
legiance to the British king. The reli-
gious denominations are Baptists, Congre-
gationalists, Methodists, Freewill Baptists
and Universalists. There are two Free-
will Baptist churches; that in the north-
west part was organized in 1865, and that
in the south in 1807. The Congrega-
tional church was organized Oct. 10, 1820.
Jan. 25, 1821, they settled the Rev. Cal-
vin Y. Chase, who died here in 1831.
The Rev. Stilman Morgan, was settled in
1832, and continued till 1836. In 1838
the Rev. Solon Martin, their present
minister, was settled. The Congrega-
tional meeting house was built in 1800, as
was that of the Freewill Baptists, in the
northwest part of the town. The Free-
will Baptist house in the south part, was
built in 1837. The Methodist house in
the west part, was built in 1833, and that
in the east in 1840. In 1804, the canker
and dysentery were fatal here to a great
number of persons, mostly children, and
many families lost from one to three of
their number. Mrs. Jane Brown, a native
of Ireland, and relict of Mr. S. Brown,

16, necticut Tuning dia umpsie, D White, n's, Sarton'su New Hampar onoosue, lei gar, Cold, and d Vermont and is crossed by st ats, along the low and extens? are high and not surpassed i by any in the [# the river usualy rough a distance nery, along this K. is variegated by as and pleasant villages Fond description. post town six miles Ku part of Orange ali and long. 4° 17, 18 herly by Topsham, ex southerly by Verst Washington. It lies Tom Montpelier, 12 hill, N. H. and 41 n It was chartered brif , Feb. 4, 1764, to Messy Te d others. A confirmat wards procured from New In y Moore and others la 1777, previous to the sett own, Ezekiel Colby, John Ne* an Armand, spent several manufacturing maple sugu together from Newbury. pail kettle on his head, aser ad they travelled, by a poch 12 miles through the ident lace of destination near the De township. This year, Mr. C ed his family into Corinth the first family in town. T ar, 1778, Mr. Nutting moved his te e, and Mrs. Colby was delirend n, Henry, the first child born 1779, Messrs. Edmund Brown S orris, Jacob Fowler and Bracket moved their families here, and *The total fall of Connectirst f Connecticut to the head of Nelsker fx/ net. 92 1-2 miles, is 1140 feet; and fri place to tide water, at Hartford, Cave de

443 feet.

The first bridge over the Competit
in 1785. at Bellows Falls, by Col Enver Ha
second was built at Windsor, and
1796-Graham

Coos, an Indian word, signifying at the pines. This name was applied by the Indians to two sections of Connecticut river, one below, and the other above the 15 mile falls. See part second, page 205.

CORNWALL, a township in the central part of Addison county, is in lat. 43° 57' and long. 3° 50', and is bounded north by Weybridge, east by Middlebury and Salisbury, south by Whiting and west by Bridport and Shoreham. It was chartered November 3, 1761, to Elias Read and his associates. It is 75 miles north of Bennington, and 36 south of Burlington. The settlement was commenced in 1774, by Asa Blodget, Eldad Andrus, Aaron Scott, Nathan Foot, William Douglass, James Bentley, James Bentley, junior, Ebenezer Stebbins, Thomas Bentley, Samuel Blodget and Joseph Troup. When Ticonderoga was abandoned to the British in 1777 the settlers all fled to the south, and did not return till after the war. In the winter of 1784, about 30 families came into the township from Connecticut. The town was organized in March of this

COVENTRY.

COVENTRY GORE.

CRAFTSBURY.

COVENTRY GORE, a tract of 2000 acres of land belonging to Coventry, (now Orleans,) lying in Orleans county, a few miles to the southwest of that town. It is bounded north by Newport, east by Irasburgh, south by Lowell and west by Troy, and contains 10 inhabitants.

CRAFTSBURY, a post town in Orleans county, lat. 44° 39' and long. 4° 32', six miles square, and is bounded on the north by Albany, east by Greensborough, south by Wolcott, and west by Eden. It is situated twenty-five miles south from Canada line, and about the same distance northerly from Montpelier, and is nearly at equal distances from Connecticut river on the east, and lake Champlain on the west. It was granted Nov. 6, 1780, to Timothy Newell, Ebenezer Crafts, and their associates, and chartered by the name of Minden, Aug. 23, 1781. The first settlement in the town was commenced in the summer of 1788, by Col.

year, and Joel Linsley was the first town clerk, and Hiland Hall the first representative. The Congregational church, in this town, was organized July 15, 1785, and September 26, 1787, they settled the Rev. Thomas Tolman, who was dismissed November 11, 1790. The Rev. Benjamin Wooster was ordained over this church February 23, 1797, and dismissed January 7, 1802. The Rev. Jedediah Bushnell was installed May 25, 1803, and this year, their meetinghouse was erected. He was dismissed May 25, 1836, and was succeeded by the Rev. Lamson Miner, who was settled January 3, 1837, who has since been succeeded by the Rev. Jacob Scales the present pastor. This church consists of about 350 members. In 1841, a Free church was organized from the Congregational and Baptist churches, which is under the care of the Rev. Wm. B. Ransom There is a Methodist church in the west part of the town who have a neat chapel. There is a literary debating so-Ebenezer Crafts, who during that sumciety which was incorporated in 1832. It has a good hall for its weekly meetings and a choice library of about 450 volumes. Elder Henry Green was settled over the Baptist church and society, in 1809, and dismissed February 28, 1824. The Baptist meeting house was erected in 1807. One person has died, in this town, aged 106 years, and several have lived to be upwards of 90. This is a very handsome township of land, and the surface is generally level. Lemonfair river crosses the northwest corner, and Otter creek washes a part of the eastern boundary. This township, by charter, comprehended that part of Middlebury, which lies west of Otter creek, including the mill privileges on the west side of the creek at Middlebury falls. In the south part of the town is a quarry of excellent dark blue lime stone from which the materal for the front of the new college in Middlebury was obtained, and near the centre of the town is a bed of hydraulic cement, or water lime. Calcareous spar, in very beautiful, transparent, rhomboidal crystals, is found in the western part of this township. Along Otter creek, in the southeast part, is a large swamp covering several thousand acres. There are here 2 saw mills, 3 stores, 1 tavern, 2 tanneries and 1 marble shop. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 318; cattle, 3,059; sheep, 24,561; swine, 824; wheat, bus. 2,436; oats, 9,021; rye, 874; buck wheat, 690; Indian corn, 7,288; potatoes, 24,307; hay, tons, 8,751; sugar, lbs. 11,000; wool 60,897. Population

1163.

COVENTRY, name altered to Orleans, November, 1841. See Orleans.

mer opened a road from Cabot, eighteen miles, cleared ten or twelve acres of land, built a house and saw mill, and made considerable preparation for a grist mill. In the spring of 1789, Nathan Cutler and Robert Trumbell moved their families into this township. In the ensuing fall Mr. Trumbell, by reason of the sickness of his family, spent the ensuing winter in Barnet, but Mr. Cutler's family remained through the winter. Their nearest neighbors were Ashbel Shepard's family, in Greensborough, distant six miles; there were at that time no other settlements within the present bounds of Orleans county. In Nov. 1790 the name of the town was altered to Craftsbury. In Feb. 1791, Col. Crafts, having previously erected a grist mill, and made considerable additions to his improvements, together with John Corey, Benjamin Jennings, Daniel Mason, John Babcock, and Mills Merrifield, removed their families from Sturbridge, Mass. After arriving at Cabot they found it impossible to proceed any further with their teams, on account of the great depth of the snow, being about four feet deep. They were obliged to provide themselves with snow-shoes, and to draw the female part of their families on hand sleds, a distance of eighteen miles. These settlers were soon after followed by several other families from Sturbridge and other towns in Worcester county. In March, 1792, the town was organized, and Samuel C. Crafts was the first town clerk, and was annually chosen to that office until March, 1829, when Joseph Scott, (then jun.) was elected, and continues to hold said office. The