BROWNINGTON. BROWN'S RIVER.—BRUNSWICK.—BUEL'S GORE. BURKE. 294; barley, 6; oats, 2,904: rye, 343;|thaniel Wait. John Merrill removed here buck wheat, 196; Ind. corn, 2,815; potatoes, 9, 29; hay, tons, 937; sugar, lbs. 3,530; wool, 2,331. Population, 328. BROWNINGTON, a post town in Orleans county, in lat. 44° 49' and long. 4° 51', is bounded northeasterly by Salem and Charleston, southeasterly by Westmore, southwesterly by Barton, and west by north by Orleans, and a small part of Jrasburgh. It is 95 miles north from Windsor, 45 north by east from Montpelier, and 57 northeast from Burlington. It was granted February 26, 1782, and chartered, by the name of Brownington, October 2, 1790, to Timothy and Daniel Brown and their associates, and contains 19,845 acres. This was constituted a half shire town of Orleans county, when that county was incorporated. The seat of justice is now at Irasburgh. The settlement of the township was commenced about the year 1800. The Orleans county grammar school was incorporated and located here in 1822. The building was completed and the school opened in the fall of 1823, under the charge of the Rev. James Woodward. For several years past it has been under the charge of the Rev. A. L. Twilight. The religious denominations are Congregationalists and Methodists. Willoughby's river, which passes through the south part of the town is the only permanent mill stream. Small streams are numerous, and there is a small pond on the line between this town and Salem. It has one grist mill, 2 saw mills, and 2 stores. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 135; cattle, 563; sheep, 1,844; swine, 304; wheat, bu. 1,549; barley, 318; oats, 4,181; buck wheat, 724; Ind. corn, 426; potatoes, 22,600; hay, tons, 1,391; sugar,lbs. 18,395; wool, 4,711. Population, 486. BROWN'S RIVER originates among the Mansfield mountains, runs westerly through the south part of Underhill, and north part of Jericho into Essex, and thence northerly through Westford, and empties into Lamoille river in Fairfax. Its length is about 20 miles and it derives its name from a family by the name of Brown, which settled upon its banks in Jericho. BRUNSWICK, a post town in Essex county, situated in lat. 44° 43' and long. 5° 18', containing 14,617 acres, or 23 square miles. It is bounded north by Minehead, east by Connecticut river, south by Maidstone and west by Wenlock. It lies opposite to Stratford, in N. H. and fifty-five miles northeast from Montpelier. This town was chartered, October 13, 1761. The first settlement was commenced in the spring of 1780, by Joseph and Na the succeeding autumn. In 1791 the population was 66, and so slow has been its advancement that it is only twice that number now. Brunswick is watered by the west branch of Nulhegan river, which runs through the northwest part of the town, and unites with the north branch in Bloomfield. Wheeler's stream rises in Wenlock, and passes through this town into Connecticut river. This stream affords several valuable mill privileges. It passes through a number of natural ponds. Paul's stream, receiving its waters from Granby, Ferdinand and Maidstone lake, passes through the south part of the town, and is a considerable mill stream. There are three natural ponds, one covering 80 acres, one 60, and one 25. The latter is only 4 or 5 rods from the bank of Connecticut river, and is elevated 80 feet above that stream. Between the pond and the almost perpendicular bank of the river is a spruce ridge 15 or 20 feet higher than the pond. The pond receives a small brook, but has no visible outlet. About half way down the bank of the river issues a considerable stream which probably, in part at least, proceeds from the pond; but while the waters of the pond are sweet and good, those of the spring are strongly impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen and other substances which render their taste and smell disagreeable, and impart to them medicinal properties. The spring is known by the name of the mineral spring, and the pond by that of mineral pond. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 43; cattle, 219; sheep; 630; swine, 190; wheat, bu. 253; barley, 160; oats, 3,380; buck wheat, 575; Ind. corn, 435; potatoes, 8,200; hay, tons, 460; sugar, lbs. 3,370; wool, 1,385. Population, 130. BUEL'S GORE, a tract of 4273 acres lying between Avery's Gore, in Chittenden county, and Starksborough. A part of it has been annexed to Huntington, the remaining part contained 18 inhabitants in 1840. BURKE, a post town in the northeast part of Caledonia county, in lat. 44° 36' and long. 5o 2', is bounded northeast by Newark and East-Haven, southeast by Victory, south by Lyndon and Kirby, and west by Sutton. It is 40 miles northeast from Montpelier, and 37 north from Newbury. It was chartered, February 26, 1782, to Justus Rose, Uriah Seymour and others, and contains 23,040 acres. The settlement of this town was commenced about the year 1790 by Lemuel and Ira Walter, Seth Spencer and others from Connecticut and the south part of this BURKE S TONGUE. BURLINGTON. state. The town was organized Dec. | north from Middlebury, 22 southeast from 5, 1796, and Lemnel Walter was the first Plattsburgh, 85 from Montreal, and 440 town clerk. It was first represented by from Washington. Its charter is dated Thomas Bartlet, in 1805. A saw and June 7, 1763, and the township originally grist mill were erected here by Roman contained 36 square miles, measuring 10 Fyler and his sons about the year 1800. miles in a right line along the Winooski The saw mill was destroyed by fire the river and 6 miles from north to south on next year, but was soon rebuilt. The re- the eastern boundary. On the 27th of ligious denominations are Congregation- October, that part of the township east of alists, Baptists, Freewill Baptists, Metho- Muddy brook, was annexed to Williston, dists, and Universalists. Elder Peleg leaving the present area of the township Hicks was settled for several years over about 26 square miles. The first that was the Baptist church, but since 1810 that done in this town with a view to its setand the other societies have depended tlement was in 1774. During the summer upon itinerants, and temporary supplies. of 1775, some clearings were made on the The epidemic of 1812 and '13 prevailed intervale north of the village, and in the here, producing considerable mortality. neighborhood of the falls, and two or The township is watered by Passumpsic three log huts erected. But the revoluriver, which runs through it in a south- tion commencing this year, the settlers westerly direction and by several of its in this and neighboring towns, either rebranches, which afford numerous mill treated to the south in the fall, or took privileges. It is separated from Victory shelter in the block house in Colchester" by Burke mountain, which is about 3,500 for the winter, and abondoned the counfeet high, and is seen from a great dis- try the succeeding spring. During the tance. The surface of the township is war no attempt was made to renew the uneven and the timber mostly hard wood, settlement in these parts, but on the return interspersed with some evergreens. The of peace in 1783, many of those who had soil is generally good. In 1817, Roman been compelled to leave the country, reFyler and others, established a manu- turned and others with them, and a perfactory of shaving boxes and brushes here, manent settlement was effected. The and for several years manufactured these first man who brought his family into articles to the amount of from $1000 to Burlington in the spring of 1783, was Mr. $2000, annually. In 1819 Mr. Fyler and Stephen Lawrence. A number of other sons commenced the preparation of oil families came into Burlington the same stones, in this town. The stone was pro- season, among whom were Frederick Saxcured from a small island in Memphrema- ton, Simon Tubbs and John Collins, and gog lake, and was here prepared for use from that time to the present the populaand then sent to market to the amount tion has been constantly on the increase. of three or four tons annually. It has The first town meeting on record, was been considered nearly, or quite equal to March 19, 1787, and Samuel Lane was the Turkey oil stone and is generally then chosen town clerk. The town was, known by the name of Magog oil stone. however, probably organized a year or The town contains several grist and saw two before. There are in this town six mills and stores.-Statistics of 1840. Hor- religious societies. The Congregational ses, 281; cattle, 1,609; sheep, 3,965; church was organized February 23, 1805, swine, 985; wheat, bu. 2,358; barley, and was for several years the only reli767; oats, 17,408; rye, 149; buck wheat, gious society, but no minister was settled 1,438; Ind. corn, 2,891; potatoes, 49,620; in town before the year 1810. The Rev. hay, tons, 2,931; sugar. lbs. 42,050; wool, Chauncey Lee officiated here for some 7,475. Population, 997. time, about the years1795 and1796, and the Rev. Daniel C. Sanders, a considerable portion of the time, from 1798 to 1807. From 1807 to 1810, Dr. Samuel Williams, who was then having a second edition of his History of Vermont printed at BurBURLINGTON, a post town and seat of lington, preached here some part of the justice in Chittenden county, lies in lat. time. In 1810, the Congregational soci44° 27' and long. 3° 52', and is the most im-ety became divided into two, one of portant town in the state. The township which embraced the doctrine of the Trinis bounded north by Colchester, from ity, and the other rejected it. In April, which it is separated by Winooski river, of this year, each of these societies settled east by Williston, south by Shelburne, a minister. The Rev. Daniel Haskel and west by lake Champlain, being 35 was ordained over the Trinitarian or miles west by north from Montpelier, 30| *See part second, page 26. BURKE'S TONGUE. The southeast part of Burke bore this name; but, October 23, 1807, the Tongue was annexed to Hopkinsville, and the two incorporated into a township by the name of Kirby. BURLINGTON. BURLINGTON. Calvinistic society, April 10, and the Rev. | the most tasteful and commodious houses Samuel Clark over the Unitarian society, of worship in New England. April 19, 1810. In the beginning of 1822, Mr. Haskel was dismissed from his pastoral charge to accept the presidency of the University of Vermont, and on the 23d of August of this year the Rev. Willard Preston was installed over the Calvinistic church and society. In July, 1825, he resigned his charge to succeed Mr. Haskel as president of the University, and on the 3d of May, 1826, the Rev. Reuben Smith was installed over this church and society. Mr. Smith was succeeded by the Rev. J. K. Converse, the present minister, who was ordained Aug. 9, 1832. This society erected the first meeting house in town, which was dedicated in December, 1812. This house, which was of wood, was consumed by fire June 23, 1839, but another has arisen from its ashes, which was dedicated on the 14th of April, 1842. The Unitarian house of worship was erected in 1816. It is one of the largest meeting houses in the state, is built of brick with a lofty steeple, and, together with the organ, clock and bell, cost about $23,000. Mr. Clark, who was settled over this society in 1810, resigned his charge on the 18th of February, 1822, on account of ill health, and was succeeded by the Rev. George G. Ingersoll, the present pastor, who was ordained on the 30th of May, following. This society is large and wealthy. The Methodist society was organized as early as 1820, and in 1832 they erected a neat brick chapel. They are supplied by local preachers, who are stationed for two years at a time. Rev. S. D. Brown is their present minister. The Baptist church was organized in 1834, the Baptists here previously belonging to the church in Williston. This church and society have a small chapel in the eastern part of the village, and are under the pastoral care of Rev. Hiram Safford. They are about erecting a new and ele gant house of worship, in a central part of the village. The Episcopal church was organized in April 1831, by the name of St. Paul's Church. In the summer of this year the Rev. George T. Chapman, D. D. was employed by this society, and in the fall they commenced the erection of a church which was completed and consecrated the next year. This building, which is of stone, is of the Gothic order of architecture, and the interior is neatly finished. Including its excellent organ and bell, it cost about $9,000. Dr. Chapman resigned the rectorship in Sept. 1832, and in November following, was succeeded by the Rt. Rev. John H. Hopkins, bishop of the Diocese, who is the present rector. Confirmations in this church since 1832, 206-present communicants, This fine building, which is of brick, 131. For an account of the Roman Cathwas constructed from the designs and un- olic church in this town, the reader is reder the superintendence of Mr. Henry ferred to part second, page 202. The Searle, of Burlington, at an expense of greater part of the surface of this townabout $20,000. Its dimensions are 92 by ship is considerably elevated above the 61 feet. The front is a hexastyle Ionic lake, but the soil in general is not of the portico, with columns from the temple best quality. The variety of soil is, howon the Ilissus, surmounted by a square ever, very considerable. Below the lowbase, from which arises a cupola taken er falls on Winooski river, is an extensive from the choragic monument of Lysicra- tract of intervale, which is not surpassed tes, fully wrought out, with the omission in beauty and fertility by any in the counof the panels and tripods. The interior try. The up-land in the northeastern is in a rich and chaste style of finish, with part was originally timbered with pine, panelled ceiling, Corinthian columns and and the soil is sandy and light. In the pilasters, and a narrow gallery upon three southern part the timber is mostly hard sides resting upon columns from the Tow-wood, and the soil clay and loam. The er of the Winds. It is warmed by hot air soil of the declivity, occupied by the vil furnaces, and the whole edifice is among lage, is compact and firm, and very suita BURLINGTON. ble for building ground. This township BURLINGTON. the "High Bridge." This bridge is over a chasm, worn in the rocks by the river, which is much visited as a curiosity. This bridge is only 75 feet in length but, at low water, it is 80 feet above the surface of the river. The rocks in the eastern half of the township are lime stone, and from them large quantities of lime are manufactured. In the western half they are sand stone and are extensively quarried for buildings and underpinnings. Among the sand rocks in the southwestern part of the township, is an excavation called the "Devil's Den," which is sometimes visited as a curiosity. Plan of the Village of Burlington. 15 3 a. Congregational Church. b. Unitarian Church. e. Baptist Chapel. f. Roman Catholic Church. References. h. Boys' High School. m. Farmers & Mechanics B'k. o. Howard's Hotel. s. Franklin Hotel. t. Jenner's Hotel. Burlington Village, a ground plan of and west, are one mile in length, and which is given above, is not surpassed in beauty of location by any town or village in New England. It lies on the east shore of Burlington bay, and occupies a gentle declivity descending towards the west, and terminated by the waters of the lake. The principal streets running east these are intersected at right angles with numerous streets running north and south and cutting the whole village into regular squares. A large share of the business on lake Champlain centres at this place, and the town is rapidly increasing in wealth and consequence. There are regular daily BURLINGTON. BURLINGTON BAY. CABOT. lines of steamboats between this place and | and sloops-Winooski village, and WiWhitehall, between this and St. Johns nooski river dashing through frightful and between this and St. Albans, by way chasms, and then winding its way through of Port Kent and Plattsburgh, besides nu- the verdant and beautiful meadows at the merous arrivals of irregular boats, sloops, north-and, more remote, hills and dales &c. The boats from Whitehall and St. and farms and woodlands,—and last of all Johns arrive each day, Sunday excepted, the circuit of lofty mountains, whose peaks about 7 o'clock, P. M. and remain about and summits form the grand outline, and an hour to unload and take on board pas- render the prospect one of the most insengers and merchandize. The boat which teresting and delightful which our country runs to Port Kent, Plattsburgh, and St. affords. Winooski village is situated at Albans, leaves Burlington each morning Winooski lower falls, one and a half miles at half past seven, and returns about 6 from Burlington village. A portion of o'clock, P. M. There are here three ex- this village, containing some mills and tensive wharves with store houses, at machinery lies on the Burlington side of which the greater part of the merchandize the river, but it is principally in Colchesdesigned for the northwestern section of ter, under the name of which town it will Vermont is landed. For the safety of the be more fully described. Statistics of navigation, a light house has been erected 1840.-Horses, 351; cattle, 1,455; sheep, on Juniper island, at the entrance of Bur- 6,642; swine, 3,917; wheat, bu. 2,462; lington bay; and for the security of the barley, 28; oats, 10,183; rye, 4,246; anchorage before the town, a break-water buckwheat, 1,427; Indian corn, 11,450; has been commenced here at the expense potatoes, 45,098; hay, tons, 4,241; sugar, of the general government * There are lbs. 340; wool, 10,660. Population, 4,271. three lines of mail stages, which arrive BURLINGTON BAY, a large open bay, lyand depart daily, one to the north, one to ing west of Burlington village, between the east, and one to the south. Besides Appletree point on the north and Pottier's these, there are several stages which ar- point on the south and embracing the enrive and depart twice or thrice a week.trance into Shelburne bay. The stages generally leave in the mornCABOT, a post township 6 miles square, ing and arrive in the afternoon before the in the western part of Caledonia county, departure of the line boats for Whitehall in lat. 44° 23′ and long. 4° 42', and is and St. John's. The trade of this place bounded north by Walden, east by Danis principally with New York, although ville and Peacham, south by Marshfield, Boston, Troy and Montreal have a share, and west by Monroe. It is 18 miles north and the amount of mercantile business easterly from Montpelier, and 65 north transacted here, does not fall much short from Windsor. It was granted Novemof a million of dollars annually. The first ber 6, 1780, and chartered August 17, regular mercantile store was opened in 1781, to Jesse Leavenworth and his asso. Burlington, in the fall of 1789. It was ciates. The settlement of the town was built by Stephen Keyes, Esq. and placed commenced on what is called Cabot under the charge of Mr. Orange Smith. Plain, in April, 1785, by James Bruce, The second store was opened by Mr. Edmund Chapman, Jonathan Heath and Zacheus Peaslee. In the year 1800, the Benjamin Webster, with their families. number of stores had increased to six. The females came into the town on snowThey now exceed 30, and several of them shoes, and were obliged to suffer many do business amounting to from $50,000, to privations and hardships. This plain is near $300,000 each, annually. The village situated on the height of lands between contains about 400 dwelling houses, and Connecticut and Winooski river, and about 3000 inhabitants. The public build- commands an extensive and beautiful ings are the University buildings, six prospect, the outlines of which are formchurches, court house and jail, high school ed by the western range of the Green for boys, female seminary, and two banks. mountains and by the White mountains, The Universityt buildings consist of four in N. H. The religious denominations spacious edifices, located upon the summit are Congregationalists, Methodists, and at the eastern extremity of the village, Baptists. This town is the native place one mile from the lake, and 281 feet above of the late Zera Colburn, who, at the age its surface, and command one of the finest of five or six years, astonished the world prospects in the United States. The view by his extraordinary powers of cumputafrom the dome of the centre University tion. The surface of this town is generbuilding, embraces the village-the lake ally uneven and the soil hard. The timwith its bays and islands-its steamboats ber is mostly hard wood, with some hem*For an account of the Light House and Break-lock and spruce. It is watered by Wiwater, see part second, page 216. ↑ Part 2d, p. 144. nooski river, which is formed of several |