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SOME CONJUNCTIONS OFTEN MISUSED

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(c) The fox tried to reach the grapes. He could not. (d) He tried again. He tried another time. Still he failed. (e) At last he turned away. He was disappointed. He was angry.

"I do not want those grapes," he said. are sour."

"They

VIII. SOME CONJUNCTIONS THAT ARE

OFTEN MISUSED

1. Do not use "without" for "unless." It is wrong to say,

Without you help me, I cannot finish the work on time. It is right to say,

Unless you help me, I cannot finish the work on time.

2. Do not use "like" for "as" or "as if."

It is wrong to say,

He acted like the rest did.

I felt like I had done something worth while.

It is correct to say,

He acted as the rest did.

I felt as if I had done something worth while.

3. Say "neither - nor" and "either

Do not say,

Neither he or I went.

Say,

or."

Neither he nor I went. Either you or I must go.

4. Read the following sentences, using only the right word in parenthesis:

I can never finish this work (without, unless) you help me.

It looks (like, as if) it would rain soon.

You did not speak (like, as) I told you to speak.
He can neither sing (or, nor) dance.

Neither Fred (or, nor) Tom has been absent during

the year.

Either pen (or, nor) pencil may be used.

IX. WRITTEN REPRODUCTION 1

Your teacher will read a story to you, which you are to reproduce in writing. While writing keep the following directions in mind:

1. Do not use simple little sentences when you can use longer sentences that express the meaning clearly, as in Section VI.

2. Use the words "and" and "then" only when

necessary.

X.

INTERJECTIONS

You have learned that an exclamatory sentence is one that expresses strong or sudden feeling. Sometimes one word is used to express strong or sudden feeling. In the following sentences the italicized words are so used:

1 Note to the teacher: You will find the story and suggestions for its reproduction in your Manual, page 213.

INTERJECTIONS

Hark! I hear a footfall on the stairs.
Hurrah! the game is ours.

The aid came too late, alas! alas!

Humph! a very likely story, I must say.
Ho! ho! will no one come!

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The italicized words simply express sudden or strong feeling. They are not really parts of the sentences in which they occur. Read the sentences, omitting the italicized words, and you will see that each expresses a complete thought. These italicized words are exclamatory words or interjections.

"Interjection" means something thrown in.

The interjection is a word thrown in to express strong or sudden feeling.

Just as exclamatory sentences are followed by the exclamation mark, so an interjection is usually followed by an exclamation mark.

An interjection is a word thrown into a sentence to express strong or sudden feeling.

The class of words called interjections makes one of the eight Parts of Speech.

Find the interjections in the following selections: 1. That brave knight buckled on his brand, Heigho! the wind and the rain;

And fast he sought a foreign strand,

Ah, well-a-day! in vain.

2. Hurrah! hurrah! a single field has turned the chance of war.

Hurrah! hurrah! for Ivry, and Henry of Navarre. 3. Oh! how our hearts were beating, when, at the dawn of day,

We saw the army of the League drawn out in long array.

4. Oh! was there ever such a knight, in friendship or in war,

As our Sovereign Lord, King Henry, the soldier of Navarre?

5. Ho! gallant nobles of the League, look that your arms be bright;

Ho! burghers of St. Genevieve, keep watch and ward tonight.

6. Hail! men who rule the city.

7. Hush! hark! did stealing steps go by?

XI. EXPRESSING FEELINGS BY USING

INTERJECTIONS

Here are some common interjections, arranged according to the feelings which they express:

Joy: ah! aha! hurrah! ha!

Sorrow: oh! alas! alack! O dear!

Praise: well done! good! bravo!

Surprise: whew! what!

Contempt: pshaw! humph! fie! begone!

HOW INTERJECTIONS CHANGE MEANING 295

Calling: ho! hello! look! see! behold! hark! hold! Greeting: hail! welcome! all-hail!

Parting: farewell! good-by!

Silence: hush! hark! soft! softly!

Write sentences containing interjections that express the different feelings mentioned above. Save the sentences you write until your next lesson.

XII. HOW INTERJECTIONS CHANGE

MEANING

The Black Knight is overthrown.

1. The above is a simple statement. There is nothing to show what effect the Black Knight's overthrow has on the speaker. Now let us use -throw in certain interjections and observe the effects.

Hurrah! the Black Knight is overthrown!

We know at once that someone is rejoicing at the Black Knight's misfortune.

Alack! the Black Knight is overthrown.

What feeling is expressed here?

Bravo! the Black Knight is overthrown!

Here is expressed, not only joy at the defeat of the Black Knight, but praise for his conqueror. What! the Black Knight is overthrown!

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