The principle of the Carolinians, and the doctrine so fashionable at the court of James, were therefore exactly the fame. James Colleton, Efq. a proprietary, was appointed governor in August, 1686. The next year he called an Affembly, in which he and his party took upon them to pass fuch laws as loft him the affections of the people. During the ferments that followed, Seth Sothel, whom we have seen banished from Albemarle, fuddenly arrived at Charleston. Countenanced by a powerful party, and prefuming on his powers as a proprietary, he feized the reins of government in 1690, notwithstanding the oppofition of the governor and council. A general return of members was procured, who readily fanctioned by their votes whatever was dictated by thofe that had thus acquired power. Colleton, whose conduct had been far from blameless, was instantly impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors, difabled from holding any office, and banished. Others were fined, imprisoned, and expelled the province. The proprietaries appointed a new governor, and in the year, 1692, upon the requifition of the Carolinians, abrogated Mr. Locke's fyftem of laws, the fundamental conftitutions, which, far from having answered their end, introduced only diffatisfaction and disorders, that were not cured till the final diffolution of the proprietary government.* The operation and fate of Mr. Locke's fyftem may convince us of this truth, that a perfon may defend the principles of liberty and the rights of mankind, with great abilities and fuccefs; and yet after all, when called upon to produce a plan of legiflation, he may. aftonifh the world with a fignal abfurdity."+ Governor Archdale arrived at Carolina in August, 1695: he managed with great prudence, and fucceeded so well that the Affembly voted him an addrefs of thanks. He was fucceeded by Jofeph Blake, Efq. whose sentiments were fo liberal, that though a Diffenter, he prevailed with the Affembly to fettle one hundred and fifty pounds per annum upon the Episcopal minister at Charleston, for ever, and likewise to furnish him with a good house, a glebe, and two fervants. A very different fpirit wrought in the Earl of Bath, when he fucceeded to the power of palatine, and became eldest proprietary, in 1701: being a zealot for the Church of England, he was ambitious of ef * Chalmers' Political Annals, under the head of Carolina. + Defence of the American Conftitutions of Government, by John Adams, Efq. tablishing tablishing its worship, and excluding non-epifcopalians from a fhare in the government of Carolina; a similar principle was at that time too prevalent in England. His views were feconded by the pliabi lity of Governor Moor, who was after a while fucceeded by Sir Nathaniel Johnson. Then the Affembly being convened, a bill was brought in for the more effectual prefervation of the government, by requiring all perfons chofen members of the Affembly, to conform to religious worship, and receive the facrament of the Lord's Supper, according to the ufage of the Church of England. By this act, all' Diffenters were difqualified from fitting in the Affembly, though legally elected, and the candidate who had the greatest number of voices, after the difqualified Diffenter, was to be admitted. The paffing of this act was unconstitutional and oppreffive. Another bill was paffed for establishing religious worship in the province, according to the Church of England, and alfo for the erecting of churches, the maintenance of ministers, and the building of convenient parfonages. Both these acts were afterward figned and settled by John Lord Granville, then palatine, for himself and the other proprietors. In confequence of the last act, many oppreffions were committed by the government against the Diffenters, who labonred under these and other grievances, till the matter at length was brought before the House of Lords, who, having fully weighed the fame, addreffed the queen in favour of the Carolinians, and the laws complained of in 1706 were declared null and void. About the year 1710, a number of Palatines from Germany, who had been reduced to circumstances of great indigence by a calamitous war, took up their refidence in this State. The proprietors of Carolina knowing that the value of their lands depended on the strength of their fettlements, determined to give every poffible encouragement to fuch emigrants. Ships were accordingly provided for their transportation, and inftructions given to Governor Tynte, to allow one hundred acres of land for every man, woman, and child, free of quit rents for the first ten years; but at the expiration of that term, to pay one penny per acre annual rent, for ever, according to the ufages and cuftoms of the province. Upon their arrival Governor Tynte granted them a tract of land in North-Carolina, fince called Albemarle and Bath precincts, where they fettled, and flattered themselves with having found in the hideous wildernefs, a happy re-, treat from the defolations of a war which then raged in Europe. In In the year 1712, a dangerous confpiracy was formed by the Cores and Tufcorora tribes of Indians, to murder and expel this infant colony. The foundation for this confpiracy is not known; probably they were offended at the incroachments upon their hunting ground. They managed their confpiracy with great cunning and profound fecrecy. They furrounded their principal town with a breaft work to fecure their families. Here the warriors convened to the number of twelve hundred. From this place of rendezvous they fent out fmall parties, by different roads, who entered the fettlement under the mask of friendship. At the change of the full moon all of them had agreed to begin their murderous operations the fame night. When the night came, they entered the houses of the planters, demanding provifions; and pretending to be offended, fell to murdering men, women, and children, without mercy or diftinction One hundred and thirty-feven fettlers, among whom were a Swiss baron, and almost all the poor Palatines that had lately come into the country, were flaughtered the first night. Such was the fecrecy and dispatch of the Indians in this expedition, that none knew what had befallen his neighbour until the barbarians had reached his own door. Some few, however, escaped, and gave the alarm. The militia affembled in arms, and kept watch day and night, until the news of the fad disaster had reached the province of South-Carolina. Governor Craven loft no time in sending a force to their relief. The Affembly voted four thousand pounds for the fervice of the war. A body of fix hundred militia, under the command of Colonel Barnwell, and three hundred and fixty-fix Indians of different tribes, with different commanders, marched with great expedition through a hideous wilderness to their affiftance. In their firft encounter with the Indians they killed three hundred and took one hundred prifoners. After this defeat, the Tufcororas retreated to their fortified town, which was fhortly after furrendered to Colonel Barnwell. In this expedition it was computed that near a thousand Tufcororas were killed, wounded, and taken. The remainder of the tribe foon after abandoned their country, and joined the Five Nations, with whom they have ever fince remained. After this, the infant colony remained in pence, and continued to flourish till about the year 1729, when feven of the proprietors, for a valuable confideration, vested their property and jurifdiction in the crown, and the colony was divided into two feparate provinces, by the name of North and SouthCarolina, and their prefent limits established by an order of George II. From this period to the revolution in 1776, the history of North-Carolina is unpublished, and of courfe, in a great meafure, unknown, except to those who have had access to the records of the province. Some of the most important events that have fince taken place, have, however, been already mentioned in the general history of the United States. South-Carolina, from the period of its becoming a separate colony, began to flourish. It was protected by a government, formed on the plan of the English conftitution. Under the foftering care of the Mother Country, its growth was aftonishingly rapid. Between the years 1763 and 1775, the number of inhabitants was more than doubled. No one indulged a wifh for a change in their political conftitution, till the memorable stamp act paffed in 1765. From this period till 1775, as we have seen, various attempts were made by Great-Britain to tax her colonies, without their confent; these attempts were invariably oppofed. The Congrefs, who met at Philadelphia, unanimously approved the opposition, and on the 19th of April war commenced. During the vigorous conteft for independence this State was a great fufferer. For three years it was the feat of war. It feels and laments the lofs of many refpectable citizens, who fell in the glorious struggle for the rights of man. Since the peace, it has been emerging from that melancholy confufion and poverty, in which it was gene. rally involved by the devaftations of a relentless enemy. The inhabitants are faft multiplying by emigrations from other States; the agricultural interests of the State are reviving; commerce is flourishing; economy is becoming more fashionable; and science begins to spread her falutary influences amongst the citizens. And under the operation of the prefent government, this State, from her natural, commercial and agricultural advantages, and the abilities of her leading characters, promises to become one of the richest in the Union.* TERRITORY S. OF THE OHIO. The eastern parts of this district were explored by Colonels Wood, Patton, Buchanan, Captain Charles Campbell and Dr. T. Walker, each of whom were concerned in large grants of lands from the go * See Ramfay's History of the Revolution in South-Carolina, and the History of Carolina and Georgia, anonymous, fuppofed to be by Hewett. VOL. III. E vernment, vernment, as early as between the years of 1740 and 1750. In 17547 at the commencement of the French war, not more than fifty families had fettled here, who were either deftroyed or driven off by the Indians before the clofe of the following year. It remained uninhabited till 1765, when the fettlement of it re-commenced; and, in 1773, fuch was the vast acceffion of emigrants, that the country, as far weft as the long island of Holstein, an extent of more than one hundred and twenty miles in length from east to west, was well peopled. In 1774, a war broke out with the northern Indians over the Ohio, which iffued in their fuing for peace, which was granted them on eafy terms. The year 1776 was fignalised by a formidable invafion of the Cherokees, contrived by the British fuperintendant, Mr. Steuart. Their intention was to depopulate the country as far as the Kanhawa, because this brave people had rejected, with a noble firmness and indignation, the propofals of Henry Steuart and Alexander Camerfon for joining the British standard, and were almt unanimous in their refolution to fupport the measures of Congrefs. This invasion terminated in a total defeat of the Indians. In 1780, the Tories of the western parts of North Carolina and Virginia, emboldened by the reduction of Charleston by the British, embodied in armed parties, and proceeded towards the lead mines on the Kanhawa, to take poffeffion of some lead stores at that place, but were defeated in their attempt by the vigilance of Colonel A. Campbell and Colonel Chockett. Various other movements took place in the course of this year, but the most interesting and brilliant was the battle of King's mountain, which was fought and won by about nine hundred mountaineers, as the veteran fons of this district were called, commanded by the brave General William Campbell, against a party of the British under the command of Colonel Ferguson. Upwards of one thousand one hundred of the enemy were either killed, wounded, or taken; among the former was Colonel Ferguson, an officer of diftinguished merit. In aroufing the inhabitants, iffuing orders, collecting the forces, and in arranging and animating the men, at the place of rendezvous, previous to this fuccefsful expedition, much See Ramfay's Revol. South Carolina, vol. ii. page 181. was |