Hall, Highbury, or the London College of Divinity, 1863; liberally supported the Western University of Canada. On the 23rd, at Sydenham, aged 80, Henry Currey, F.R.I.B.A., a successful architect. Educated at Eton; articled to Decimus Burton; was Architect and Surveyor to St. Thomas's Hospital from 1847, which he rebuilt on the Embankment, and to the Foundling and Magdalen Hospitals. Married, 1845, May, daughter of Sir Charles Price. On the 23rd, at Southrepps, Cromer, aged 68, Rev. the Hon. John Harbord, son of third Lord Suffield. Graduated M.A. at Magdalen College, Cambridge, 1854; Rector of West Harling, 1860-4; Chaplain of Morden College, Blackheath, 1865-92; Rector of Southrepps, 1892. Married, 1857, Caroline Penelope, daughter of Anthony Hamond, of West Acre, Norfolk. On the 23rd, at Paris, aged 62, Jean A. Valfrey, the foreign editor of the Paris Figaro. Was for many years in the French Foreign Office; was a Member of the Archives Committee; retired, 1877; editor of the Moniteur for some time and afterwards joined the Figaro. On the 24th, at Cannes, on board his yacht, aged 61, John Lawson Johnston, the inventor of "Bovril." Born at Roslin, Midlothian; educated at Edinburgh; devoted himself to the study of the concentration of food products. On the 25th, at Malta, aged 83, Sir Adrian Dingli, G.C.M.G., son of Sir Paul Dingli, G.C.M.G. Called to the Malta Bar, 1837; Member of Council, 1849; Crown Advocate and Legal Adviser, 1854; Chief Justice of Malta, 1893. Married, first, 1854, Catherine, daughter of V. Marno, C.M.G.; and second, 1879, Amy Mildred, daughter of W. H. Charlton, of Herleyside, Northumberland. On the 25th, at Sand Hutton, York, aged 35, Sir James Heron Walker, third baronet. Educated at Eton. Married, 1889, Violet Maud Cecil, daughter of Major-General Cecil Ives, of Moyn's Park, Essex. On the 27th, in Nigeria, aged 29, Hon. David Wynford Carnegie, son of ninth Earl of Southesk, K.T. Educated at Charterhouse and Cooper's Hill; was pioneering in the West Australian Goldfields, 1892-8, and in 1896-7 led an expedition across its deserts; appointed Assistant Resident of the Middle Niger, 1898; author of "Spinners of Sand." He was killed by a poisoned arrow. On the 27th, at Kingston Vale, aged 80, Major-General Thomas Henry Clifton, son of T. Clifton, of Clifton. Entered the Army, 1839; served in the Crimean War as Aide-de-camp to H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge, 1854-5, and was severely wounded at Inkerman. Married, 1877, Annie, daughter of J. G. Norbury and widow of Lord Cosmo Russell. On the 27th, at Kilmington, Axminster, aged 58, Colonel Charles Henry Bridges. Entered the Indian Army, 1859; served with the Punjab Infantry in the Chinese Expeditionary Force against the Taepings, 1860-2; on the North-West Frontier, 1863; Looshai Expedition, 1871-2; and the Afghan War, 1879-80. Married, 1870, Emily, daughter of John Bird, of Taunton. On the 29th, at Bournemouth, aged 77, General Sir George Henry Smith Willis, G.C.B. Entered the Army, 1841; served with 77th Regiment in the Crimea War, 1854-5, with great distinction; A.Q.G. at Gibraltar, 1858-9; and at Malta, 1859-64; for the Southern District, 1866-71; at Headquarters, 1871-3; commanded a Division in the Egyptian War, 1882, and was wounded at Tel-el-Kebir, and was thanked by Parliament; in command of the Southern District, 1884-9; Colonel of the Devonshire Regiment, 1890, and of the Middlesex Regiment, 1897; unsuccessfully contested Portsmouth as a Conservative, 1892. Married, first, 1865, Eliza, daughter of George Morgan, M.P., of Brickendon, Herts; and second, 1874, Ada, daughter of Sir John Neeld. On the 30th, at Paris, aged 43, Oscar O'Flahertie Wilde, son of Sir William Wilde, M.D., of Dublin, and Lady Wilde, who wrote under the name of "Speranza." Graduated at Magdalen College, Oxford (First Class Moderations and First Class Lit. Hum.), 1878; Newdigate Prizeman, "Ravenna," 1878; was one of the leaders of the "æsthetic" fops, but a man of many talents; author of "The Picture of Dorian Gray" (1883) (a novel), "Lady Windermere's Fan (1892), "A Woman of No Importance" (1893) (comedies), and other works; sentenced under the Criminal Law Amendment Act to two years' imprisonment (1895), after having failed in a charge of libel against the Marquess of Queensberry. Married, 1891, Minnie, daughter of Horatio Lloyd. On the 30th, at Frankfort-on-the-Main, aged 81, Tycho Mommsen, a distinguished philologist. Born at Garding; Professor at the Gymnasium of Husum, 1848-50; at Eisenach, 1850-4; Director of the Realschall, Oldenburg, 1854-64; of the Gymnasium, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1864-85; author of several critical essays on Shakespeare, "The Art of Translation," etc., and editor of the works of Pindar. On the 30th, at St. Petersburg, aged 63, Prince Alexander Imeretinsky, Governor-General of Warsaw, son of the last Czarwitch of Imeritia in the Caucasus. Educated at the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg; a General of Infantry, Aide-de-camp-General to the Czar and a Member of the Council of the Empire; served in the Polish Campaign, 1863, and the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-8. He was the last representative of the Christian Czars of Georgia. On the 30th, at Saltburn-by-the-Sea, aged 66, Thomas Vaughan, son of John Vaughan, of Gunnergate Hall and Middlesbrough (the discoverer of Cleveland ironstone). For many years a leading ironmaster and the founder of the firm of Bolchow, Vaughan & Co. Of the enormous fortune left by his father the greater portion was sunk in industrial enterprises. Married, 1858, Katherine Jane, daughter of D. Macfarlane, of Glasgow. DECEMBER. Lord Armstrong.-Sir William George Armstrong, C.B., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., was the son of a corn merchant in Newcastle-on-Tyne, whose family had originally been Cumberland dalesmen. William Armstrong was born in Newcastle in 1810 and in consequence of his delicate health spent much of his time indoors, where at an early age his aptitude for mechanical contrivances showed itself. He was educated at Bishop Auckland Grammar School, and at the same time frequented as much as his school hours would allow the engineering works of Mr. Ramshaw. He, however, did not pursue his studies in that direction, but returning to Newcastle was articled to Mr. Donkin, a local solicitor, and subsequently completed his legal studies in London. In 1833 he was admitted as junior partner into Mr. Donkin's firm, and two years later he married Margaret, daughter of Wm. Ramshaw, of Bishop Auckland. His mind, however, was always bent on mechanical inventions, and it is said that his attention to the use of hydraulic power was drawn by the waste in working a water-wheel at some marble works in Dent Dale, Yorkshire. He made many models for improving hydraulic appliances and personally superintended their making at Watson's High Bridge Works for upwards of ten years. During this time his attention was also drawn to the discoveries in electricity and especially to its generation by highpressure steam, and William Armstrong was the first to produce a hydroelectrical machine which satisfied the requirements of the time. About 1846 his firm became connected with the Newcastle and Gateshead Waterworks, for whose works Armstrong invented a hydraulic crane, which was adopted, and eighteen months later, 1847-8, the Elswick Works were started for the manufacture of hydraulic machinery and especially of Armstrong cranes. It was at this time that Armstrong finally abandoned his work as a solicitor and devoted himself to the development of the Elswick Company. no The Crimean War gave a fresh direction to his inventiveness, and he set himself to the manufacture of lighter guns and of longer range than those in use in the service. Before the end of the year 1854 he was able to submit a model of an improved gun which the Secretary of State for War accepted with little delay, and Armstrong then took up the question of projectiles, and finally decided upon the pointed cylinder form as most effective. In 1856 he was able to offer the results of his experiments to a parliamentary committee which reported in favour of the Armstrong gun "a combination of construction, breech-loading and rifling, and the coating of projectiles with a soft metal". Both these inventions Armstrong presented to the country, refusing to protect himself by patents, but he was rewarded by being appointed Engineer of Rifled Ordnance, and subsequently Superintendent of the Gun Factory and was created C.B. At the same time as there was machinery appropriate at Woolwich, a contract was entered into for seven years by which the guns were to be made at Newcastle, and the Elswick Ordnance Company was formed. In 1873 the firm, freed from its engagements with the British Government, greatly extended its operations and became builders of warships for every Government, and supplying guns and machinery to every country in the world. His works at Elswick covered an enormous space and gave employment to upwards of 25,000 workmen. His personal activity never relaxed; he was constantly inventing new machinery, or perfecting old inventions. His theory that a gun was a scientific production, of which all the powers and properties could be regulated with mathematical precision was adopted in all the gun foundries of the world, and he applied the same principle to the uses of powder, the form of projectiles, etc. He never attempted to protect his inventions by patent-rights, which he regarded as impediments to progress. He converted his business at an early date into a limited liability, retaining the chief interest in his own hands. With his large fortune he built an imposing house at Cragside, near Rothbury, and devoted himself to laying out the extensive grounds and gardens on a scale of unparalleled originality and of great beauty. He was devoted to gardening and was a keen fisherman, both of which pursuits he continued almost to the end of his life. In 1893 he purchased from the Crewe trustees the fine place Bamborough Castle, on the restoration of which to its original state he spent large sums, intending to devote a portion of the interior buildings for use as a county sanatorium; and he gave to Newcastle Jesmond Dene, a picturesque park with a hall and natural history museum. He took a deep interest in all local affairs, and was a frequent benefactor to his native town, the Cathedral, the Hospital, and the Mechanic's Institute having been largely endowed by him. A Liberal in politics until after the introduction of the Home Rule Bill, he stood as a Liberal Unionist in 1886 against Mr. John Morley, but was defeated, and in the following year a peerage was conferred upon him. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. at Cambridge in 1862, and that of D.C.L. at Oxford eight years later. Lord Armstrong was a Knight Commander of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog, of the Austrian Order of Francis Josef, of the Brazilian Order of the Rose, and a Grand Officer of the Italian Order of SS. Maurice and Lazarus. Among his published works are "Recent Discussions on the Abolition of Patents for Inventions" (1869), "The Industrial Resources of the Three Northern Rivers, the Tyne, Wear and Tees, Including Reports on Local Manufactures" (1864), "Proposals for a System of Technical Education" (1878), and "A Visit to Egypt in 1872, Described in Four Lectures' (1874). He died at Rothbury on December 27, after a comparatively short illness, although for some time his strength had been failing. By his own request he was buried in an unostentatious manner and laid beside his wife, who had died eight years previously. On the 1st, at Woodsome Hall, Huddersfield, aged 78, Dowager Countess of Dartmouth, Lady Augusta Finch, daughter of fifth Earl of Aylesford. Married, 1846, fifth Earl of Dartmouth. On the 1st, at Monaghan, aged 67, Daniel Macaleese, M.P. Began life as a shoemaker and was successively clerk, printer's reader, newspaper reporter, editor and proprietor; sentenced to four months' imprisonment and a fine on the newspaper for contempt of court in charging the judges with partiality in the trial of the Belfast riot cases; sat as a Nationalist and Healyite for North Monaghan since 1895. On the 1st, at Clifton Springs, New York, U.S.A., aged 76, Hon. Donald MacInnes. Born in Scotland; emigrated to Canada, 1840; founded a large dry goods business at Hamilton and subsequently took a leading part in the industry of the colony; appointed Member of the Senate, 1881. Married, 1863, Mary Amelia, daughter of Hon. Sir J. B. Robinson, Chief Justice of Upper Canada. On the 2nd, at Ketteringham Park, Norfolk, aged 70, Sir Francis George Maningham Boileau, F.S.A., second baronet. Educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1855; took an active part in county affairs and was a prominent Freemason. Married, 1860, Lucy H., daughter of Sir George Nugent, second baronet. On the 2nd, at Edinburgh, aged 76, Major-General Roderick Donald Macpherson. Entered the Bengal Army, 1841; served in the Burmese War, 1852-3; the Sorthal War, 1858. On the 2nd, at Brighton, aged 42, Countess of Kinnoull, Josephine Maria, daughter of John Hawke. Married, 1879, Viscount Dupplin (afterwards twelfth Earl of Kinnoull); judicially separated, 1885. On the 4th, at London, aged 56, Emily Marion Harris, an earnest worker for girls' clubs and similar institutions, especially for Jewesses. Author of a " Narrative of the Bible for Children," Estelle," Four Messengers," etc. On the 5th, at Thaba N'chu, South Africa, aged 52, Rev. Herbert Crosthwaite. Born and educated at Liverpool for a mercantile career; emigrated to the Cape, but in 1884 was ordained and devoted himself to the service of the Kaffirs and Zulus; appointed Rector of Beaconsfield, near Kimberley, and afterwards of Thaba N'chu, where he remained during the Boer occupation. On the 5th, at Sloane Street, London, aged 52, Earl of Donoughmore, John Luke George Hely-Hutchinson, fifth earl. Educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; B.A., 1870; Assistant Commissioner for organising Eastern Roumelia, 1878-9. Married, 1874, Frances Isabella, daughter of General Stephens. On the 5th, at Claridge's Hotel, London, aged 72, Baroness von Schröder, Dorothea Evelina Schlürser, of St. Petersburg. Married, 1850, John Henry, Baron Schröder (Prussia) and baronet of the United Kingdom. She was an active philanthropist. On the 6th, at Holwood Park, Keston, aged 76, Dowager Countess of Derby, Lady Mary Sackville, daughter of fifth Earl de la Warr. Married, first, 1847, second Marquess of Salisbury; and second, 1870, fifth Earl of Derby. On the 6th, at Pimlico, aged 52, Rev. Alfred William Momerie, D.D., son of a Congregationalist minister. Educated at the City of London School; graduated at Edinburgh University with First Class Honours in Philosophy, 1875, and at St. John's College, Cambridge, as First of First Class in Moral Science Tripos, 1877; Fellow of St. John's, 1879; Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, King's College, London, 1880-91; Preacher at the Foundling Hospital, 1883-91; author of several volumes of sermons, etc., of which the broad views caused him to vacate his offices. On the 7th, at Maida Vale, London, aged 87, Henry Russell, a popular song-writer and singer. Born at Sheerness, where he appeared on the stage at the age of three years; began life as a chemist's assistant, but shortly after devoted himself to learning music, and, by the help of a lady, continued his studies in Italy and Paris; returned to London in 1830 and sang in concerts. In 1832 he went to the United States, where he set popular songs to music and gave popular entertainments, which were a great success. These he continued in London down to 1861. He was the author of Cheer, Boys, Cheer," "A Good Time Coming, Boys," and “ Woodman, Spare That Tree," and many other popular songs, for which he collaborated with Eliza Cook, Dickens, Thackeray, Longfellow and others. On the 7th, at Dublin, aged 54, James M'Ivor, a learned and accomplished scholar. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin; Gold Medallist in Ethics and other distinctions; called to the Irish Bar, 1871; appointed Librarian to the Honourable Society of King's Inns, 1884. On the 8th, at Bath, aged 94, Horatio Nelson Goddard, of Clyffe Manor, Wootton Bassett. Educated at Brasenose College, Oxford; Major of the Wilts Militia. Married, first, 1840, Anne Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. T. le Mesurier; and second, 1852, Eliza Agnes, daughter of William Walford, of Tipford Hall. On the 8th, at Mentone, aged 63, Sir Alfred Henry Bevan, son of Charles James Bevan. A partner in the brewery business of Barclay, Perkins & Co.; a prominent Churchman, contributing largely to the restoration of St. Saviour's, Southwark; a leading Freemason and Grand Treasurer of the Order. Married, 1864, Louisa, daughter of Niven Kerr, H.B.M. Consul at Dunkirk. On the 9th, at Ennismore Gardens, Hyde Park, aged 64, Lady Lyttelton, Sybella Harriet, daughter of George Clive, M.P., of Perrystone Court, Herefordshire. Married, first, 1861, Humphry Francis Mildmay, M.P., of Shoreham Place, Kent; and second, 1869, George William, fourth Lord Lyttelton. On the 9th, at Montagu Square, London, aged 69, Rev. the Hon. George Barrington Legge, son of fourth Earl of Dartmouth. Educated at Eton; entered the Rifle Brigade, 1849; served throughout the Kaffir War, 1852-3, and the Crimea War, 1854-5, with distinction; retired from the Army and ordained, 1859; Vicar of Packington, Warwick, 1860-78; of Whittington, 1878-82. Married, 1860, Sophie Frances, daughter of George Levett, of Wichnor Park, Lichfield. On the 11th, at Algiers, aged 64, The Earl of Harrowby, Henry Dudley Stuart Ryder, fourth earl. Educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford; was a partner in Messrs. Coutts' bank and President of the Institute of Bankers. Married, 1859, Susan Juliana, daughter of Villiers Dent, of Barton Cliff, Hants. On the 12th, at George Street, Manchester Square, aged 70, Monsignor Michael Barry. Born at Wexford; educated at St. Edmund's College, Old Hall Green; Curate, and afterwards Rector, of St. James's, Spanish Place, which he rebuilt on a new site at a cost of 60,000l.; Canon of Westminster, 1888; Vicar-General, 1895; and Provost of the Chapter, 1897. On the 12th, at Newmarket, aged 77, Thomas Jennings, a successful horse trainer. Born at Newmarket; apprenticed to his uncle, Thomas Carter, in France, where he first rode as a jockey, 1836; engaged by Prince Eugene of Savoy in Italy, 1841-50; returned to France and trained for M. Aumont, Comte de la Grange and Baron Nivière with great success, including "Fille de l'Air," "Gladiateur," etc., and subsequently for M. Lefèvre and Prince Soltykoff. On the 13th, at Springfontein, South Africa, aged 22, Lord O'Hagan, Thomas Towneley O'Hagan, second baron. Educated at Sandhurst; entered the Grenadier Guards, 1897; served through the South African War and died of enteric fever. On the 14th, at Belvoir Castle, aged 34, Lady Katharine Manners, daughter of seventh Duke of Rutland. On the 15th, at Rome, aged 55, Sir John Conroy, F.R.S., third baronet. Educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; graduated, 1866 (First Class Natural Science); Fellow of Balliol College, 1867. and Bedford Lecturer. On the 15th, at Erskine House, Glasgow, aged 82, Lord Blantyre, Charles Stuart, twelfth baron. Representative Peer of Scotland, 1850-92; founded a Mission Hall at Bishopton, where he occasionally conducted the services, and as a Clydeside proprietor was in constant and costly litigation |