Oldham, John, 1653-1683. Poet. (CHARLES II.) m Satires upon the Jesuits, 1679, at the time of the Popish plot;' Satire against Virtue, 1681; Trans. of Juvenal, &c., collected in 1770 by the 'half-pay poet,' E. Thompson, as 'Compositions in Prose and Verse,' with a memoir.

Oldmixon, John, 1673-1742. Historian and pamphleteer. (WILLIAM III. to GEORGE I.) p History of England, 1730–1739, a party work, of no permanent value; and other historical works. m Amyntas, 1698; based on Tasso's Aminta. d The Grove, or Love's Paradise, an opera, 1700.

Opie, Mrs. Amelia, 1769–1853. Novelist and poet. (GEORGE III., GEORGE IV.) p Father and Daughter, 1801, and other tales. Scott wept over this 'simple moral tale,' and the 'Edinburgh Review' (July 1830) termed it an 'appalling piece of domestic tragedy.' Sydney Smith declared 'tenderness is your forte, and carelessness your fault.' All her tales are domestic, moral, tearful. [Life,' 1854, Cecilia L. Brightwell.]

Owen, John, D.D., 1616-1683. Puritan theologian. (COMMONWEALTH, CHARLES I.) p Exercitations on the Epistle to the Hebrews, 1668-84 (last vol. posthumous). [Owen ranks with Baxter and Howe among the greatest of Puritan divines. Works,' 24 vols. 1850-1855, ed. W. H. Goold.]

Painter, William, circa 1537–93. Translator. (ELIZABETH.) p The Palace of Pleasure. Pt. I. 1566; Pt. II. 1567. A collection of tales-100 in the 1575 ed.-from Boccaccio, Bandello, &c. The reprint of 1890, 3 vols., ed. by Joseph Jacobs, contains a mass of information.

Palgrave, Sir Francis, 1788-1861. Historian. (WILLIAM IV., VICTORIA.) p History of the Anglo-Saxons, 1831; Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth, 1832; History of Normandy and England, 1851-1864, and 15 other principal works. [Freeman called the second work 'a memorable book,' and Hallam spoke of the 'omnifarious reading and fearless spirit' it manifests. P. did much to promote the critical study of medieval English history.]

Paltock, Robert, 1697-1767. Romance writer. (GEORGE II.) p Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins, a Cornishman, 1751; an interesting romance, often repr. Orig. ed. and some plates repr. 1884 by A. H. Bullen. It contains an account of the Country of the Glumms and Gawreys, or Men and Women that fly,' and Southey declared that these 'winged people are the most delightful creatures

that ever were devised.' Memoirs of the Life of Parnese, a Spanish Lady, 1751; a dull tale, dedicated to P.'s second cousin.

Parker, Matthew, 1504-1575. Archbishop of Canterbury. (ELIZABETH.) p De Antiquitate Britannicæ Ecclesiæ, 1572, and other works. [ Life,' by J. Strype, 1711, repr. Clar. Press 1821; 'Correspondence,' Parker Soc. 1852.]

Peacock, Thomas Love, 1785-1866. Novelist and poet. (GEORGE III. to VICTORIA.) p Headlong Hall, 1815; Crotchett Castle, 1831, and other novels. m Palmyra, 1806, and other poems. [Peacock was the friend of Shelley.] His works were repr. 1875, and in 1891 ed. by Dr. Garnett. Prof. Saintsbury has written Introductions for others, 1895-1896.

Percy, William, d. 1648. Poet and dramatist. (ELIZABETH.) m Sonnets to the Fairest Calia, 1594, repr. in Arber's Eng. Garner, vi.; and by Grosart, 1877. d Two plays, The Cuck-Queanes, and The Faery Pastorall, first printed by Roxburghe Club from MS.1824.

Pettie, George, circa 1548-1589. Translator. (ELIZABETH.) PA petite Pallace of Pettie his pleasure [1576]. 12 tales, the first, Sinorix and Camma, being the subject of Tennyson's Cup; The Ciuile Conuersation of M. Stephen Guazzo, 1586. (See B. Young.)

Petty, Sir William, 1623-1687. Political economist. (CHARLES II., JAMES II.) p Treatise of Taxes and Contributions, 1662 various essays on Political Arithmetic, 1683 &c., concerning the people, housing, hospitals, &c.; and other works. [Valuable bibliography by Prof. C. H. Hull in Notes and Queries, Sept. 1895; biography by Ld. Ed. Fitzmaurice, a descendant, 1895.]

Philips, Ambrose, 1675?-1749. Poet. WILLIAM III. to GEORGE I.) m Pastorals, in Tonson's Miscellany, 1709. The same vol. contained Pope's Pastorals (see the Guardian, No. 40, for Pope's malicious comparison). d The Distressed Mother, a tragedy (the Andromaque of Racine, see Addison's Spectator, Nos. 290 and 335), 1712; repr. 1725 with two others. [The nickname 'Namby Pamby' is first used by Hy. Carey, q.v., in a parody mentioned by Swift in 1725.]

Philips, Katherine, 1631–1664. Poetaster. (CHARLES II.) m Poems, 1667 (posthumous). a Pompey, a trans. of Corneille's Pompée, 1663 &c. [She was called by her contemporaries 'The Matchless Orinda.']

Pinkerton, John, 1758-1826. Scottish antiquary and historian. (GEORGE III.) p History of Scotland, 1797; Collection of Voyages and Travels, 17 vols., 1807-1814.

Pix, Mrs. Mary, 1666-1720? Dramatist. (WILLIAM and MARY.) d Ibrahim XIII., Emperor of the Turks, 1696, a tragedy; The Innocent Mistress, 1697, a very successful comedy: The Double Distress, a tragedy, and other plays, never collected. [As a dramatist she showed 'more activity than had been shown before her time by any woman except Mrs. Afra Behn.' E. Gosse.]

Pomfret, John, 1667-1702. Poet. (WILLIAM and MARY.) m Poems on several occasions, 1699; The Choice, 1700. [Of this Johnson said in 1779, 'perhaps no composition in our language has been oftener perused'—tempora mutantur! The poems are in

Chalmers viii.]

Porson, Richard, 1759–1808. Greek Scholar. (GEORGE III.) p Letters to Archdeacon Travis, collected ed. 1790. (These, pr. in the Gentleman's Magazine 1788-1789, deal with the authenticity of 1 John v. 7.) Annotated editions of the classics. [His wonderful memory and wide reading fitted him for textual criticism, to which he mainly devoted himself.]

Porter, Anna Maria, 1780-1832. Novelist. (GEORGE III. to WILLIAM IV.) p The Hungarian Brothers, 1807, dealing with the French revolutionary war, and 18 other novels.

Porter, Henry, fl. 1599. Dramatist. (ELIZABETH.) α The Pleasant Historie of the two angrie Women of Abington, 1599, repr. by Percy Soc. 1841, in Hazlitt's Dodsley,' vii., in Nero and other plays (Mermaid Series), 1888. Ch. Lamb considered this no whit inferior to either the Comedy of Errors or the Taming of the Shrew.' Henslowe's Diary mentions 4 lost plays.

Porter, Jane, 1776-1850. Novelist. (GEORGE III. to WILLIAM IV.) p Thaddeus of Warsaw, the story of a Polish exile, 1803 (9th ed. by 1810); The Scottish Chiefs, 1810, still repr. This is one of the few historical novels before Scott which have lived.

Praed, Winthrop Mackworth, 1802-1839. Poet. (GEORGE IV., WILLIAM IV.) m Poems, three American editions, 1844, 1850, 1859, before the first English authorised ed. with 'Life' by Derwent Coleridge, 1864; Political and occasional poems, 1888. Р Essays, in Morley's Universal Library,' 1887. [Praed stands next Prior as a writer of familiar verse.]

Dramatist.

Preston, Thomas, M.A., LL.D., 1537-1598. (ELIZABETH.) a Cambises, a lamentable tragedy mixed ful of pleasant mirth,' [1570 ?] repr. Hazlitt's Dodsley, iv.

Price, Richard, 1723-91. Nonconformist, writer on morals and political economy. (GEORGE II., GEORGE III.) p Review of the Principal Questions and Difficulties in Morals, 1757, and many

other works.

[Burke's Reflections on the French Revolution was a direct result of Price's sermon on Nov. 4, 1789.]

Price, Sir Uvedale, 1747-1829. Writer on the Picturesque. (GEORGE III., GEORGE IV.) p Essays on the Picturesque, 1794–1810. Best ed. 1842, illustrated.

Prideaux, Humphrey, D.D., 1648-1728. Dean of Norwich, Orientalist. (WILLIAM III. to GEORGE I.) p Life of Mahomet, 1697 (now quite valueless); Connection of the Old and New Testaments, 1716-1718, often repr.: out of date, but long of real value. ['Letters,' 1875, Camden Society.]

Priestley, Joseph, LL.D., 1733-1804. Theologian and scientist. (GEORGE III.) p Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit, 1777; History of the Corruptions of Christianity, 1782, his best known work, burnt by the hangman at Dort, 1785. Also many other works. [He is best known now as the discoverer of oxygen. See Dr. J Martineau's Essays, Reviews and Addresses, 1890; Huxley's Science and Culture, 1881. Works, 26 vols., 1817-1832.]

Procter, Bryan Waller, 1787-1874. Poet. (GEORGE IV. to VICTORIA.) p Life of Charles Lamb, 1866–8. m Marcian Colonna, an Italian tale, 1820; A Sicilian Story, 1820; Dramatic Scenes, 1819. ■ Mirandola, a tragedy, 1821. ['Barry Cornwall' was the imperfect anagram he adopted.]

Procter, Thomas, fl. 1578. Miscellany editor. (ELIZABETH.) m A Gorgious Gallery of Gallant Inventions, 1578. Our third miscellany, begun by Owen Roydon. Repr. in Park's Heliconia, 1815; by the Roxburghe Club 1844; and by Collier 1867.

Prynne, William, 1600–1669. Puritan pamphleteer. CHARLES I. to CHARLES II.) p About 200 books and pamphlets. Histriomastix. The Players Scourge or Actors Tragedy, 1633 (pr. about Nov. 1632). For this fat little quarto of over 1000 pp. Prynne was tried by the Star Chamber, pilloried and lost his ears; a definition in the Index being held to reflect on the queen, who had acted in W. Montagu's Shepherd's Paradise in Jan. 1633.

Psalmanazar, George, 1679 ?-1763. Literary impostor: sham native of Formosa. (ANNE to GEORGE I.) p Historical and Geographical Description of Formosa, 1704. After his exposure, circa 1708, he lived as a hack-writer. His Memoirs, 1761, are two-thirds filled with an account of his imposture. [H. Walpole considered him a greater genius as a literary impostor than Chatterton.]

Writer of travels.

Purchas, Samuel, D.D., 1575-1626. (JAMES I.) p Purchas his Pilgrimage, 1613; Hakirytis Posthumus,

i

or Purchas his Pilgrimes, 1625. [P. inherited Hakluyt's MS. collections. His work is vast and in some respects valuable.]

Puttenham, George, 1532?-1590. Critic and poet. (ELIZABETH.) p The Arte of Englishe Poesie, 1589, repr. in Arber's Reprints, 1869 pp. 14-6 discuss P.'s claim to its authorship. m Partheniades, 17 poems, pr. in Haslewood's ed. of the Arte, 1811.

R. S., f. 1593. Miscellany editor. (ELIZABETH.) m The Phœnix Nest, set foorth by R. S. of the Inner Temple, Gentleman,' 1593. It is our fifth miscellany. Repr. by Collier, 1867. [Rob. Southwell, Rich. Stanyhurst, Rich. Stapylton, Rob. Smythe, are some of the guesses at the unknown R. S.]

Ravenscroft, Edward, fl. 1671-1697. Dramatist. (CHARLES II.) a The Careless Lovers, a comedy, 1673; The Italian Husband, a tragedy, 1698, being 2 of 12 performed 1671-1698.

Reid, Thomas, D.D., 1710-1796. Philosopher. (GEORGE III.) p Inquiry into the Human Mind, 1763; Essays on the Intellectual Powers, 1785; Essays on the Active Powers, 1788. [T. R. was Prof.

of Moral Philosophy at Aberdeen and Glasgow. He is the 'chief founder of what is generally called the Scotch School of Philosophy' (Encycl. Britan. ed. ix.); he revolted from the sceptical conclusions of Hume. 'Memoir' by Dugald Stewart, Works' ed. Sir Wm. Hamilton, 6th ed., 1863.]

Riche, Barnaby, fl. 1574-1624. Soldier and miscellaneous writer. (ELIZABETH, JAMES I.) Hazlitt's Handbook, pp. 503–6, gives 27 works; see also Lowndes, pp. 2082-4. The Percy Soc. repr. The Honesty of this Age, 1844; and the trans. of Herodotus, attrib. to Riche, was repr. 1888. See Appendix C., No. XIII.

Robinson, Clement, fl. 1584. Poet and miscellany editor. (ELIZABETH.) m A Handefull of pleasant delites, 1584, repr. in facsimile by Spenser Soc. in 1871; and by Prof. Arber, 1878. [It is the fourth of our seven Elizabethan miscellanies: 33 pieces, 8 being signed.]

Roscoe, William, 1753-1831. Historian and biographer. (GEORGE III. to WILLIAM IV.) p Life of Lorenzo de' Medici, 1795; Leo the Tenth, 1805. Both often repr., last ed. 1883, ed. Hazlitt. ['Life,' 1833, by his son H. Roscoe.]

Rose, William Stewart, 1775 ?-1843. Translator. (GEORGE III. to WILLIAM IV.) p The Orlando Innamorato of Boiardo, with extracts in verse, 1823. m Amadis de Gaul, 1803; the Orlando Furioso of Ariosto, 1823-1831, and other works.

Rossetti, Maria Francesca, 1827-1876. (VICTORIA.) PA