Prussia. The following letter from the king of Prussia, to the prince of Salm, is so much in the mild and christian spirit, not the predominating principle of kings, that we must give it place.

"The reason assigned in the letter which you have sent me, and which have induced you to quit the Roman Catholic for the protestant church, are so pure in their source, so firm in their principles, and so laudable in their views, that we have only to congratulate you on the resolution which you have taken with mature deliberation, and carried into effect with conscientious piety. You have hereby given an important counterpoise to many melancholy occurences of our times, and in the pure scriptural religion which you profess, you will find entire consolution for the sufferings and mortifications which you have experienced. Accept the assurances of my special esteem, with which I remain your highness' well affected, "FREDERICK WILLIAM.

660 for the public expenses; for this reason, the bud
get for every branch of the public service is smaller,
with a few exceptions, than that which is allotted to
the same branch by the French chambers. It appears
that, on an average, the Frenchman contributes 11
per cent. of his income to the public expenditure,
while the Englishman contributes 25 per cent.
sued by major general Scott on the melancholy oc
casion of the death of col. Jacob Hindman, contains

The late colonel Hindman. The annexed order, is

a well merited tribute to the worth and services of
our late townsman-

Adj. general's office, eastern department,
Governor's Island, Feb. 25, 1827.

Major general Scott, with feelings of deep regret, which he knows will be fully participated, announces officially to his command, the death of a gallant and "Berlin, Dec. 9, 1826." distinguished soldier-colonel JACOB HINDMAN, who South sea islands. A disease similar to the plague, is expired at Baltimore, on the 17th instant. His arduraging in the Society islands, carrying off great numbers ous and brilliant services during the late war, his in its progress. As soon as one member of a family is manly discharge of every duty since that event, are attacked, the others abandon the unfortunate victim to his universally acknowledged, and will ever be rememfate. This distemper does not affect the white residents. bered by the army. His brilliant feats are recorded Colombia. Bolivar's conduct on his return to Colom-in some of the most splendid pages of his country's bia, both to his friends and enemies appears to give rise to history. His virtues as a man are embalmed in the much speculation, and to have puzzled the knowing ones. hearts of his numerous friends. Paez is not less perplexed, it is said, than others who have endeavored in vain to account for, or explain what they consider as very mysterious.

We understand that col. D. Vallenilla has resigned his office, as intendant general of the department of Maturin, and that general S. Marino has been appointed to succeed him. Col. Vallenilla is one of the distinguished patriots who have always held very high and responsible offices in Colombia, and has served from an early period of the revolution of the country, both as a soldier and as a politician.

MISCELLANEOUS SCRAPS.

French Clergy.--The gifts made to the clergy of France between 1802 and 1822, are 384 houses, 1,077 pieces of ground, 309 hectares of land, and 28 libraries, besides which there have been restored to them 56 churches, 37 chapels and abbeys, 3 convents. and 174 parsonage houses. From this statement it is concluded, that one inhabitant out of 6,000 bequeaths the whole or part of his property to the clergy. The revenue of the church, previous to the revolution, was estimated at seventy or eighty millions.

A noble soldier has fallen into the tomb in the prime of life! His brother officers are invited, as a slight token of deep regret, to wear crape on the hilts of their swords for one month after the reception of this communication. By order of major general Scott, P. H. GALT, aid-de-camp, Act assist adj gen.

German universities. In all the German states there are 22 universities, with 1,055 professors and 15 746 students. The greatest number belonging to any one of them is 1,688, at Vienna; the smallest 201, at Rostock. The population of Germany in 36,000,000; Catholic Germany has 19,000,000, and only six universities; the Protestant states contains 17,000,000, and have 16 universities.

Treatment of a wife. In the case of lady Westmeath against the marquis of Westmeath, for separation and divorce, on the charge of cruel treatment, sir J. Nicholl, in the arches court, (England), lately de- " cided in favor of the wife's demand. He observed in delivering his opinion

Teneriffe-A hurricane bas swept over the Canary "If cruelty had been inflicted, the repetition of islands, and committed great ravages on life and pro- which would endanger the life of the wife, there could perty. There had not been less than 250 lives lost; be no doubt that the charge of legal cruelty had been upwards of 340 houses had been completely destroy-established. Not only the natural, but the acquired ed, and 650 head of cattle drowned. It was impossi-feelings of the parties, were also to be taken into ble to describe what had passed; in one night one- consideration. In a low rank of life, persons of difthird of the whole surface of the valley of Ortavo, aferent sexes might exchange blows, without its causfertile district of Teneriffe, was converted, from aing any great degree of injury to the feelings; yet highly beautiful landscape, into a dreary rock and even in this rank, as well as others, it had been conunproductive wilderness. sidered unmanly to strike a woman; but in a higher The statistical table of the states of Europe, publish-rank, where a nobleman or a gentleman, in whose ed annually by the Almanack of Gotha, has long enjoyed the esteem of the learned of all countries-that for 1827 is drawn up with increased care and correctness.

mind ferocity might be supposed to be softened by education, was proved to inflict personal violence on his wife, the crime became much more aggravated."

Relief of the Greeks. There was collected at PittsFor instance, the revenue of Russia, which was es- burg, Pa. $1782 43, for the relief of the Greeks, as timated at only 268 millions of francs, is now stated follows: in the churchs 361 71; in the manufactories at 338 millions-a sum exactly equal to the revenue 450 05; by committees 799 98; from adjacent places of Austria. That of Prussia, which was stated at aud various, 171 69. This account goes up to March 247 millions, is now estimated only at 193. The sum 9 Chester county contributed the handsome sum of the revenues of these three powers makes a total of ❘ of $2092 $69 millions, and that of France is 920: thus we see, that this kingdom is not only as rich as Austria, Rus six and Prussia, together, but that it has an overplus of 51 millions, which is equal to the revenue of seve ral powers of the second order, such as Portugal, Sardinia, and Sweden.

England, according to the same table, will rais this year a sum of 1,410 millions; but the interest of

Animal longevity. A correspondent of the N. Y. Daily Advertiser says: "There is now at Greenwich vil age, town of Horse Neck, two geese, both of the age of 82 years-one is now setting. They have both laid regularly for 81 years. They now belong to Mr. Jared Mead, and were hatched on his father's place "

Anecdote of doctor Franklin. The doctor was walkits debt being 750 millions, there will remain onlying one day on Front street, near Chesnut street, in

the city of Philadelphia, at the dawn of our revolu tion, when he was thus accosted by a tar:

"Is your name Ben Franklin?" Yes. "Are you the man who invented the saw-dust pudding?" Yes, replied the doctor. Then" said the sailor, "for God's sake don't give the receipt to make it to old F ** our merchant, as he will feed all his crews on it."

him."

Yesterday, a portion of that lot 34 feet front by 65 deep, sold at public auction for one hundred and fiftyone dollars a foot, or a total of five thousand one hundred and thirty four dollars!!-So that this moiety of the lot brought an amount greater by one balf than that which the whole lot cost only a couple of twelve months since! The cost of an acre, if sold at the same rate, would be little short of a hundred and one thousand dollars.

threatens to run his sword through the Austrian, and Soult has sent him word that "in whatever place he meets with M. d'Appony, the duke of Dalmatia will have great pleasure in giving to M d'Appony unequivocal proofs of what he thinks concerning Rochester, N. Y. Two years ago, the lot on which The story of the saw-dust pudding, aliter dictum, the bank now stands, was purchased for $3,400. The wheat bran pudding, arose in this manner' The doc-lot measures 66 feet front and 165 feet deep. tor had conducted an independent paper in Philadelphia, which gave offence to a class who wanted to rule every body in their own way; and the heads of this party some fifteen or twenty, informed the doc or that they would frown him down, unless he would submit to the curb. The doctor proposed to explain, and fixed the time at his own house, where the gentlemen were invited to dine He requested his lady to employ two pence in the purchase of a peck of wheat bran, and to make two puddings of it-one for each end of the table, as he was to have fifteen or twenty friends to dine with him. The company met-the two puddings were served up on the table, without any other dishes-the company sat down, and each friend was served with his slice of pudding Their curiosity led them to try it-they examined each other's countenances, and at length were satiat ed with the pudding. Friends, says the doctor, will you be helped to more? No, they all replied, we have enough of your pudding. But what means this? Why, replied the doctor, it means to tell you that these two puddings cost two pence, and fifteen friends say they have enough. Know then, that as long as Benjamin Franklin can satisfy fifteen friends with two pence, he never will sacrifice the independence of his paper.

The above is from the Rochester Daily Advertiser. The same paper informs us that a directory has just been issued, occupying 140 pages, about 2,450 names occupy one half of the volume, and the remainder contains "a description of the country, and its environs, and particularly of the origin, growth and present condition and prospects of the village."

[Rochester was not until after the conclusion of the late war ]

The Swiss officers, who commanded the corps of hireling butchers, collected in Switzerland, purchased in France and sent to Spain to perform the business of executioners at the will of Ferdinand, after leaving Madrid were robbed by the Spanish brigands of 17,000 hard dollars-the whole earnings, perhaps, of their infamous employment. We are glad of it. The practice of the Swiss of hiring their people for soldiers-of making them mere machines to kill others with whom their country is at peace, for pay, cannot be sufficiently reprobated, and reduces their national character to the lowest point of degradation. It destroys that good feeling which we desire to entertain for the country of Tell.

Consumption The following is a statement of the value of the annual consumption in France, of seven of the most important articles-grain, 1,100,000,000 franes: wines, 750,000; woollens, $14.000,000; silks, 120,000 000; cottons, 200 000,000; brown sugars, $1,000,000; coffee, 20,000,000-total, 2.535,000,000 In comparison with the consumption of England and Noblemen! The legal heirs of thirty-four titles in of Paris, this gives only half the value for each indi-England, to most of which are attached immense esvidual. tates, and of six large estates without titles, are supposed to be in the United States, and insensible as well of their nobility as of the property to which they are entitled.

Some estimate the consumption of all sorts of grain in the "whole kingdom" of Great Britain, at sixty millions of quarters, of 8 bushels, of 70 lb each; 480 millions of bushels or 3360 millions of pounds. New way of raising the wind. A few days since a Now if the whole population of Great Britain be young girl, near Gloucester in the prospect of ma 16,000,000, (14.379,677-1821), there will appear to riage, being unable to find money to purchase her be 210 lbs annually, for each person which is not wedding clothes, actually submitted to the painful large when we have to deduct the mighty quan-operation of having seven of her front teeth drawn, tity used for the food of horses, cattle. &c. and the for which she received five guineas, and afterwards consumption of the breweries and distilleries. It is provided the necessary articles. far less proportionally, than we use in the United States.

New title. Sebastian Zamet, a rich gentleman in Paris, desired the notary who drew up his daughter's contract of marriage, to style him "lord of seventeen hundred thousand crowns

Lancaster schools. The New York Enquirer states, that in the Albany Lancaster school, there are 927 pupils, who are educated at an expense of $1700 per annum, including teachers, salaries, rents and contingencies-being less than 2 dollars per scholar.

Austrian jealousy. A curious question of "etiquett"," had arisen at the French court, which threatens serious, and almost national consequences. The ambassador of the emperor of Austria, M. d'Appony, has been instructed to refuse to recognize the titles of the old marshals of Bonaparte, derived from conquered places, now within the rule of Austria; and instead, therefore, of addressing the marshals Soult, Oudinot, and Marmont, as dukes of Dalmatia, Reggio, and Ragusa, he calls them dukes Soult, Oudinot, and Marmont. The marshals have complained to the king, and threatened the ambassador. Old Ondinot

Worcester (English) Herald. Women-We were much amused with the reply of one of capt. Head's companions on the summit of the Cordilleras, when all around was a surface of snow-"cheerless, wild and inhospitable as the view was, still it was sublime," he observed to one whose honest heart and thoughts clung to Old England"what a magnificent view, what thing can be more beautiful?" After smiling for some seconds, the Cornish lad replied, "them things, sir, that do wear caps and aprons." [London paper.

Inventions. A monk invented gunpowder; a bishop invented bombs; a benedictine, artillery; and a capuchin, (Father Joseph), first suggested the introduction of paid spies in the police and lettres-des-cachet.

"Artists " Salaries of London stage players-Mr. Kean, 1.50 a night; Miss Stephens, 1.10 a night; Mr. Laporte, 1.15 a night; Mr. Braham 1.25 a night; Mr. Liston, 1.12 10s a night; Miss Kelly, 10 a night.

Doctrinal disputes. The Burmans are slaves of the emperor, and it is viewed as a mark of treason to dissent in this respect, (religion), from his will.Thus, when the keen reasoners and disputants among

The Fall River Monitor gives the following result of a census lately taken of that place:-Whole popu Jation, 2,080; number of families, 280; do. males, 1,020; do. females, 1.060. Whole number employed in cotton and woollen factories, 550; do. in nail works and furnace, 40; do. machinists and carpenters, 123; do. blacksmiths, 25; do cabinet makers, 10; do. tin manufacturer, 1; do. watch makers, 4; do. shoe and harness makers, 20; do. painters and glaziers, 4; do. tanners and curriers, 5; do. coach, chaise, and wagon makers, 3; do tailors and tailoresses, 35; do, mantua makers and milliners, 20; do. masons and stone cutters, 30; do. barber, 1; truckmen, 10, do. clergy-highway robbery, and 10 for murder. men, doctors, and lawyers, 7. Dry goods stores, 15; grocery stores, 14; shoe stores, 3; apothecary stores, 2; goldsmiths' stores, 2; bookstore and bindery, 1; bat store, 1; tavern, 1; markets, 2; iron foundry, 1;

Of this number 203 were sentenced to death! while in fact only 16 were exccuted. A stronger illustra tion of the absurdity of a criminal code, of which the first and most essential feature should be the certainty and immutability of punishments, cannot be found.

Of public executions in the city of London, during eleven years past, there has been the awful number of 245-among them 7 females.

Of this number 11 were executed for forgery; 46 for uttering forged notes; 62 for burglary; 40 for

tinct, and 82 are maintained, and secure rights more| or less extensive to a population of more than 100

millions of souls.

Johannisburg. An estate of prince Metternich, was presented to him by the emperor of Austria, under a reserve of one tenth of the wine which it produced. The wine made on this estate has long been famous for its excellent quality. The quantity is about 56,000 bottles, each of which is sealed with the arms of the prince, and other means are taken to warrant its genuineness. It sells on the spot for 12 francs per bottle, that is, about two dollars and twenty five cents; at which rate the product of the estate in wine oniy, is about 125,000 dollars a year.

British game laws. A late English paper says-last week, a poulterer in Oxford was convicted in penalties amounting to 1.190 for having in his possession 28 pheasants, 7 hares, and 3 partridges.

Madam Lavalette. It will be recollected that the countess de Lavalette, after the stratagem for the de liverance of her husband from the Conciergerie, in which she cut so conspicuous a figure with sir Robert Wilson, Mr. Hutchinson, and Mr. Bruce, fell into a state of insanity. We are happy to learn that this lady has just been restored in health to her family, after five years and a half medical treatment.

Western commerce. The Louisville Advertiser contains a list of steam boat arrivals, at that port during the last year. The names of 51 boats. are enumerated, having an aggregate tonnage of 9.388 tons The total number of arrivals of these 51 boats amounted to 182, making the entire steam boat commerce of the. place amount to 29,014 tons.

The project of a ship channel from Havre to Paris has been abandoned, chiefly because of beds of solid rock which have been found to lie beneath the surface. A rail way is now talked of. A company, chiefly Eng lishmen, had agreed to make it, provided they should be allowed to import the iron fee of duty, but this was refused and the proposition was withdrawn.

Samples of American cloth have been carried to Quebeck from Maine, and it is said to have been sold cheaper than British.

The official value of the goods imported into Quebec, during the last year, is given at $2,925,690 60.

Florida sugar-The East Florida Herald of Feb. 21st, says, that col. Dummett, a planter of that country, will make 30 hogsheads of sugar from about 55 acres of cane. A specimen of the sugar raised on his plantation has been sent to St. Augustine, and pronounced superior to the best Havana sugar.

GEORGIA AND THE UNITED STATES.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 3, 1827. The select committee, to which were referred a message of the president of the United States, of the 5th mist. with accompanying documents, and a message of the 8th instant, with accompanying documents; also, a report and resolutions of the legislature of Georgia, with accompanying documents; also, a joint resolution to mdemnity the Creek Indians for the land lying between the Chatahouchie river and the dividing "Ime between Georgia and Alabama; also, a message of the president, with accompanying documents, of 2d March; have had those subjects under consideration, and beg leave to report as follows:

The civilized nations of Europe, who, at different periods, discovered and settled the various portions of the American continent, founded, principally, on the right of discovery, a claim to the sovereignty over the regions so discovered. Thus claim of sovereignty does not appear, at least in the case of the English government, to have extended, in itself, beyond an exclusion of the claims of Bergami. A Paris paper states that Bergami, fa- other nations. The committee are not aware, that the mous in the annals of British royalty, lives in great English government, or its representatives, the colonial splendor at Passaro, on the coast of the Adriatic; that governments, ever assumed, in virtue of this claim of sohe spends his whole time in shooting and other amuse-vereignty, to exercise the power of internal legislation ments-but is not admitted into what is called good society-the nobility of the neighborhood.

ITEMS.

over the persons who composed the various Indian tribes, within the regions to which the claim of sovereignty extended. These tribes were, on the contrary, considered and treated as separate, and, to a certain degree, independent nations. A friendly intercourse with them was kept. up by means of conferences and councils; boundaries, the right to establish and maintain military posts, and occasionally the right of passage, were matter of stipulation, by formal conventions, entered into between the erowa or colonies on the one hand, and the chiefs and warriors of the tribes on the other. When the provisons of these treaties were broken by the Indian tribes, or when in any Lieut. Charles A. Budd, of the U. S. navy, who gal-other way a state of hostility arose, wars ensued, as belantly fought under McDonough, on lake Champlain, tween separate civilized countries, and these wars were

It is said that the duke of Wellington, and his family, from parliamentary grants, from offices in church and state, will have an income from the country, of not much short of 100,000 pounds sterling, per annum, or 450,000 dollars a year in part paid by compelling the laboring classes to subsist themselves upon a half-pint of oat meal per day.

died at New York on the 22nd inst.

concluded by treaty. No doubt, in the most early petribes, which had ceased to have a separate existence, riods of our history, and in reference to the remnants of transactions may have occurred, which imply a different principle of action, on the part of the British or colonial governments; but it is believed, that no attempt was ever made by those governments, or any of them, to meorporate the Indian tribes into the body politie, or to carry the right of sovereignty farther, than to exclude the sovereignty of other free states, and to regulate, at discretion, the intercourse with the tribes thus subjected.

There was a very violent shock of an earthquake at Laguira on the 2nd uit. No material damage however, was done by it. It happened in the night, and the person describing it says "I was nearly thrown from my cot; the sensation when first awoke was similar to that of be ing tossed by the back of a person placed beneath the bed." The congress of Tacubaya was expected to convene about the 1st inst. Several of the deputies had arrived. The Hibernian Free school, at Baltimore, founded by the late John Oliver, esq. has an average number of about In like manner, the European governments claimed, in 170 scholars, who are not only instructed, but also sup- virtue of discovery, a right in the soil, occupied by the Inplied with books by the bounty of the deceased. Addi-dian tribes. It is not necessary, nor perhaps possible, tional means have been obtained, and a noble building is to define the precise extent to which this claim was carrinow erected, and which will soon be occupied, capable of ed, in all instances. It is well known, however, that it accommodating five hundred scholars, the affairs of which was a claim, of a right of pre-emption residing in the goare under the management of some of the very best of our vernment. By various public and legislative acts, indivi fellow-citizens. May it prosper. The school was es-duals were disqualified from acquiring a title to Indian tablished and is conducted on the most liberal principles. 'lands, by direct purchase of the Indians; and the govern

ment recognized a right of occupancy in the Indians, which the United States and the Creeks, by which a portion of it claimed to itself the exclusive prerogative of extinguish-land was ceded by the Indians; and a still larger portion, lag. This well known fact has received the sanction of by another treaty, concluded in 1805. By these two treajudicial decision, (8th Wheaton), in the case of Johnson ties, there were ceded to the United States, for the bene and Graham's Lessees vs. McIntosh. Such was the state fit of Georgia,2,713,890 acres of land. of things before the revolution,

In the course of the late war, a part of the Creeks In the event of the war of independence, the rights of were excited to hostilities against the United States. the British government devolved upon the United States. Having been vanquished by the valor and conduct of geneBut a grave question arose, whether, in reference to the ral Jackson and his troops, a treaty was concluded, by Indian tribes within the limits of any state, the right of which a considerable cession of lands was made to Georexclusive sovereignty and exclusive pre-emption, formerly gia, and the integrity of all their remaining lands was guavested in the crown, passed, in virtue of the declaration of rautied to the Creeks. By a treaty concluded in 1818, independence, to the confederation of states, or to the in- another cession was made of two large tracts of land; and, dividual states, respectively, within the limits of which by the treaty of 1821, yet another cession was made, by each tribe was situated. On the one hand, it was contend- which the Flint and the Chatahouchie became the eastern ed, that the right to the unoccupied lands, and, what was boundary of the Creeks. By the three last mentioned considered the same thing, the land occupied by the In- cessions, 11,735,590 acres of land were acquired by Geor dians, having originally resided in that government, which gia, making, together with those obtained, under the two was common to all the colonies, and having been conquer-first cessions, an aggregate of 14,748,690 acres, being ed from that government, at the joint expense and efforts about two thirds of all the lands possessed by the Creeks, of all the colonies, passed to the confederation; on the in the state of Georgia, at the date of the convention of other hand, it was urged, that each state, becoming inde-1802. At the same date, the Cherokees were in possespendent, succeeded, within its own limits, to all the rights sion of 7,152,110 acres of land, within the chartered and formerly vested in the crown. conventional limits of the state of Georgia. Two treaties have been held by the United States with the Cherokees, in pursuance of the compact of 1802, by which 995,310 acres of land have been acquired to Georgia.

The controversies growing out of this difference of opinjon, were of the most serious character. They were one chief cause, which retarded the adoption of the articles of confederation; and, under the confederation, they formed In 1822, a sum of $30,000 was appropriated, to defray the subject of some of the most embarrassing questions, the expense of holding farther treaties with the Creeks which were presented to the consideration of the conti and Cherokees, for the purpose of fulfilling the compact nental congress. with Georgia; and a treaty having been concluded with the The difficulties thus arising were of two great magni-Creeks the preceding year, it was deemed expedient, by tude to be settled, by any positive decision in favor of ei-the president, to make the rext effort with the Cherother party. They were practically obviated, by succes-kees. This was accordingly done, by the appointment of sive acts of cession, on the part of the states, laying claim Messrs. D. G. Campbell and James Merriwether, as comto extensive tracts of unoccupied western lands. The missioners, on the part of the United States. They reconditions on which these cessions were made, by the dif- paired to the Cherokee country, in October, 1823, and, afferent states, were not uniform, nor did congress, in ac- ter strenuous efforts to prevail on the Cherokees to encepting these cessions, admit that, without them, the confederacy would have possessed no title to the unoccupied sal. The objections made by the Cherokees appear to ter into a treaty of cession, they received a positive refulands. It was a settlement by compromise, between con-have arisen from exaggerated accounts of the hardships flicting parties, whose interests were too important to ad- endured by their countrymen, who had emigrated beyond mit of any other mode of adjustment. the Mississippi, from their advancement in the arts of ciGeorgia was the only state, having large claims to un-vilized life, and the consequently increased value which accupied land on her western frontier, which did not, ei- they set upon their lands, ther before or shortly after the adoption of the federal constitution, make such a cession to the United States. Resolutions were repeatedly adopted by the old congress, recommending to her a cession, on the same principles en which the cessions of the other states, and particularly Virginia, had been made. In the year 1788, Georgia of fered to congress a cession of land, commencing on the Chatabouchie river, at her southern boundary, running up that river one hundred and fitty miles, thence, due west to the Mississippi-a tract comprehending the lower half of the present states of Alabama and Mississippi. Several conditions were attached to this cession, among others that of a guarantee to Georgia of all the remainder of the unoccupied lands, which she claimed to the west. These conditions were not satisfactory to congress, and the cession was not accepted.

It appears that the Cherokees, in order to fortify themselves in their resolution to withhold all further cessions, sought to engage the co-operation in the same policy of their less civilized neighbors, the Creeks. Overtures, made to the Cherokees by McIntosh, who was allied to them by marriage, in order to persuade the Cherokees to a cession were rejected; and communications were had by the Cherokees with the Creeks, by way of counteracting the influence of McIntosh, In the spring and autumu following the unsuccessful attempt to treat with the Cherokees, councils were held in the Creck nation, at which a law was passed, or, as stated by the chiefs in council to general Gaines, a law originally passed on the Oakmulgee was revived, making it capital for any per son in authority among the Creeks to cede away their lands without the consent of the nation. This law, as enacted or revived, was published at the time in a new s paper in Alabama.

In 1795 the legislature of Georgia, proceeded to make extensive sales of the unoccupied lands on her western frontier. Great embarrassments arose, relative to the Such was the state of things when, on the 1st Decemtitles acquired under these sales; and at length, in 1802, aber, 1824, the same gentlemen, authorized as United compromise was entered into between Georgia and the States' commissioners, and in pursuance of the same obUnited States, in virtue of which, and on conditions mu-ject, met the chiefs of the Creek nation at Thle-cath-cha, tually acceptable, Georgia ceded to the United States all her right and title, westward of a certain line; and the United States reded to Georgia all the claim, right, and title, of the United States to the jurisdiction and soil of the territory cast of the said ime; assuming, at the same t'me, the obligation of extinguishing the Indian title to all the lands east of the said line, as soon as it could be done peaceably and on reasonable terms." There articles of ession were concluded between the commissioners of the United States and those of Georgia, on the 24th April, At this time the Oconee river formed the eastern boundary of the Creek Indians, and the quantity of land occupied by them in Georgia amounted to 19,578,890

1802.

acres..

In pursuance of the compset of 1802, and but a few months after its conclusion, a treaty was made betwe ̧n

or Broken Arrow, the seat of the national council of the Creeks. At this council, the same refusal was given by the Creeks as had been before received from the Cherokees. "So long," says colonel Campbell, in his letter to the secretary of war of the 8th January, 1825, "as the negotiation was conducted with the council generally, noanswer was received, other than a prompt rejection of every proposition that was submitted." McIntosh acted at first as speaker of the nation, in giving these talks, and joined the other chiefs in council in refusing to cede.

The commissioners represent, however, that they ascer tained that the wishes of a large majority of the chiefs within the Georgia limits, with McIntosh at their head, were in favor of the cession; and they state that a treaty could have been obtained, signed by a full representation of chiefs from all the towns within the limits of Georgia.