are, into

The dog should be preserved with care and kindness, for he has successfully accomplished a voyage, compared to which the hazards of Parry, and other navigators sink into insignificance.

IMMENSE WEALTH. A late Liverpool paper says with but a slight injury in one of his legs. This is not a The following is the reported condition of the late little remarkable, masmuch as that water fowls, such as Thomas Leyland, esqr's. property: £200,000 to his geese and ducks, have never been known to escape dewidow; £300,000 to his nephew, Richard Ballin, esq.struction when thus precipitated, as they often £300,000 to his nephew, Christopher Ballin, esq. £1,000 that frightful abyss. per annum to his neice, Mrs. Naylor, now Mrs. Ware, but formerly Miss Ballin; £500,000 to her eldest son, now at school, 12 years of age, and to take the name of Leyland; £10,000 to each of his brothers and sisters; £10,000 to the public charities of this place; and minor legacies. EXECUTIONS. Milledgeville, July 9. Five Indians, we According to this statement, Mr. Leyland would ap-are informed, were tried and convicted at the last supepear to have been worth more than a million and half of rior court of Thomas county, for the murder of Allen pounds sterling, or pretty nearly seven millions of dol- Carr's family, noticed by us in December last. One of fars.] them however, died, and another made his escape previous to the time appointed for their execution. The other three were hung on the 29th ult. They bore their fate with uncommon fortitude. When one of them, (the last one executed), was launched off, the rope by which he was suspended broke. He rose up and inquired whether they, (the officers of justice) were done with him. Upon receiving an answer in the negative, he said with great nonchalance, "try it again then.” [Recorder.

KEY WEST. It is intimated that the Spanish minister at Washington has made some representations to our government relative to the alledged violations of neutrality at Key West, and we see it stated in the Norfolk Beacon, that orders have been issued from the navy department, to the commander of the West India squadron, to rendezvous, without delay, with his whole force at that port. We wish for the honor of our country that this subject may be investigated, and the guilty punished, MR. CRAWFORD has accepted the office of a judge in for such is the spirit of our laws that the smallest infrac- the supreme court of Georgia, says the Milledgeville tions militates against the whole code, and we are as "Recorder," and commenced an official tour in the much interested in preserving the neutrality of the har-northern circuit. bor of Key West as the port of New York. It is but justice to state that Mr. Pinkney the collector has addressed a letter to the editor of the St. Augustine Herald denying the charges which have been preferred.]

THE OGECHIE CANAL. Some of the southern states though loud in complaints of the general government because it fosters and promotes internal improvement and domestic manufactures, appear to be in earnest in completing such public works within themselves" as may tend to advance their population and wealth; and it is with pleasure we see it stated in the Savannah Georgian, that, from the report of Mr. Gill, the engineer of the Oge. chie canal, lately made to the directors, the whole line of canal, embracing 164 miles, its intended length, 8 miles and 434 chains of it is finished, on which $77,444 29 have been expended, leaving 7 miles 56 chains yet to be completed, the cost of which will be $64,392 65. The part finished presented many difficulties, which, though successfully overcome, we are glad to say will not be met with in the remaining portion, and every thing promises its full completion early in the ensuing year.

MAINE. We meet with the following paragraph in the papers-John Holmes, late senator from Maine, is in nomination for the house of representatives, as an administration candidate, to supply the vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. Burleigh.

NOVEL SPECTACLE. The tavern keepers at the Niagara falls intend enhancing the pleasure of the visitors by a spectacle alike grand and novel. They have purchased a vessel of 300 tons burthen, which, with all her canvass spread and decorated beautifully, will be piloted by a Frenchman into the Rapids above the Horse Shoe, where the pilot ascends from the deck in a balloon, and leaves the vessel to her own course in crossing the mighty cataract. The proprietors will undoubtly have a rich harvest from the crowds that will throng to the sight, which takes place in the latter part of September.

TRIP TO GREEN BAY. The Albany Argus states that the steam boat Henry Clay will leave Buffalo on the 7th August next, on her second trip to Green Bay. Independent of the novelty of the excursion, the treaty which THE REV. MR. WEEMS, recently apprehended in Boston governor Cass is now holding at the bay, the vast assemblage of Indiaus on this occasion, the return of governor on several charges of robbery, has been found guilty on the Cass and party, the smoothness of the lake at this season, first indictment; on the second the jury could not agree, and the safety and convenient accommodations of the and on the third he was acquitted. On the first his coun-boat, give an interest to this trip which may never occur sel filed two motions for a new trial, on which the court has not yet decided. Weems is represented as a well educated man and gentlemanly in his manners.

again.

As this section of our country is but little known we append the following interesting notice of it, contained in a letter to the editor of the N. Y. Advocate. "In the ferMEXICO. Information has been received, stating that tility of its soil and salubrity of its climate it exceeds any some extraordinary occurrences had occurred in Mexico, part of Michigan. From the borders of the bay to withthe particulars of which have not been made known. It in one hundred miles of the portage to the Quisconsin, appears, however, that the Mexican minister of finance the Fox river passes through a country unparalleled for had been ordered to leave the country. He was to be the beauty of its scenery and richness of its soil. This immediately escorted to Vera Cruz, and was allowed fertile region extends in the other direction from the but forty-eight hours to find a conveyance from that port. 45° of latitude, to Illinois, on the south, comprising a disThe priest Arenas, who was concerned in the late at-trict capable of sustaining the whole population of New York. You would be supprised on a visit to this tempt at insurrection, had been shot. country to find that it should have remained so long unnoticed.

A great mercantile house had failed in the city of Mexico, and was deficient to the amount of $800,000, the creditors principally in Europe and the U. States.

TREATY OF GHENT. The commissioners under the first article of the treaty of Ghent, who were recently in session at Washington, having gone through all the business which was prepared for hearing, adjourned to the first Monday in November next.

As a sufficient proof of the purity of our climate, I will state the fact that no malignant fever has ever been known here, and that no deaths have ever taken place from disThis is certainly eases attributable to the climate. worthy of comment in a new settlement, and I believe a fact almost without a parallel.

A large and growing traffic is now carried on in our neighborhood, which is productive of considerable reve BARBAROUS. Some boys a short time since threw a nue to the government. I speak in reference to the lead dog into the rapids above the Niagara falls, which was car-mines on Fevre river, which are worked to considerable ried over the precipice. The animal was discovered be-extent. Last year there were, as appeared by a state low, yet alive, and he micceeded in making the shore roent in the Washington papers, fifteen hundred persons

Simon Bolivar, liberator president, &c. &c. &c. Venezuelians-Your suffrages called me to Colombia in order to use my services in re-establishing, among you, order and union. My most pleasing duty was to devote myself to the country of my birth: to destroy your enc mies I have marched as far as the most distant provinces The Austrian Observer of the 29th May, contains an of America; all my actions have been directed to the li extract from the new journal, published weekly, at Hy-berty and glory of Venezuela, of Caracas. This prefe dra, in the French language, under the title of Abeille Grecque. No. 2, of the 19th May, contains the following proclamation of lord Cochrane to the Greeks:

To the committee of government of Greece. A battle, glorious to the Greek cause, has been Do not imagine that I go from you with ambitious fought to day. It was commenced by the marines, who views. I do not proceed to other departments of the rewere landed on the several points of the coast of the Pen-public, in order to increase the extent of my command, insula, (Munichya), and drove before them the ene-but to prevent the civil war by which they are devastated, mies who were posted there. The land troops, not from reaching you. As little do I covet the presidency willing to be surpassed in courage by the marines, also rushed on the enemy.

ate the public calamities which we have suffered from war and revolution.

Inhabitants of Caracas! Born a citizen of Caracas, my highest ambition will be to preserve that precious title: a private life among you will be my delight, my gloand the revenge which I expect to take of my eneBOLIVÅR.

ry, mies.

same article as an unfailing source of wealth to their agricultural, manufacturing and commercial interests.

Resolved, That whilst we cheerfully submit to laws which when directly or indirectly promote the interests of the whole community; whilst we approve of the protection which the government has afforded to the protection of sugar; whilst the protection of the manufacture of cotton, the staple growth of a large southern territory, proHead quarters, Caracas, July 4, 1827. Hayti. A plot has been discovered, which had for its duces an annual home market for more than 150,000 object the destruction of Boyer. The conspirators offi-bales of that article, and thereby prevents that great surcers of the government, were executed on the 3d st. plus from reducing in the foreign market the exchangeaand the president has issued a proclamation assuring the ble value of the whole crop, we cannot but regret the people of the energy of the government. The president zeal with which a portion of our southern brethren opsays to the army-"The crime of a few officers and sub-pose a protection to other essential interests, embracing alterns, cannot stain the honor of an army which has de- vastly greater territory and population. served the gratitude of the nation, and retains all my confidence."

MEETINGS ON THE WOOLLENS BILL, &c. The following resolutions were unanimously adopted at the state convention at Albany:

Resolved, That the following gentlemen, together with the chairman and secretaries, be appointed delegates to attend the national convention, to be held at Harrisburg on the 30th of July, viz:

Eleazer Lord, Peter Sharpe and Effingham Lawrence, of the first [senatorial] district.

James Tallmadge, Robert Denniston and Abraham H. Schenck, of the second district.

Jacob R. Van Rensselaer, Samuel M. Hopkins and George Tibbits, of the third district.

Samuel Young, David Russel and Richard Keese,

the fourth district.

of

Ebenezer B. Sherman, John B. Yates and John Brown, of the fifth district.

Alvan Stewart, Peter S. Smith and George McClure, of the sixth district.

Resolved, That whilst we approve of the liberal expenditures which are annually making out of the national treasury for the protection of commerce, by maintaining a navy, suppressing piracy, and supporting ambassadors in foreign countries, we regret that so little has been done by government to promote the interests of agriculture, and create a home market in the northern, middle and western states; interests which vitally affect three fourths of our population.

Resolved, That inasmuch as the staple agricultural products of the south, to wit, cotton, tobacco and rice, are admitted into the ports of Europe without competi tion in their production, in that part of the world; and while both competition and prohibitory laws operate to exclude from European market the bread stuffs, provisions and manufactures of the northern, middle and western states, we deem it unkind in our southern brethren to oppose the passage of laws which are calculated to create a home market for our agricultural productions and to promote our national wealth and prosperity.

Resolved, That to encourage the growth and manufacture of wool, would afford a great relief to the depressed

Victory Birdseye, Enos T. Throop and Francis Gran-condition of our agricultural interests, by attracting a ger, of the seventh district.

much larger portion of our capital and labor to the home market for the surplus productions of the soil.

Elisha B. Strong, Philip Church and Cyrenius Cha-growth and manufacture of that article, and by creating a pin, of the eighth district.

Resolved, That the delegates to the convention at Resolved, That the laws of congress have, from the first, assumed the principle, that revenue is so to be le- Harrisburg, be requested to obtain a favorable expresvied as shall most encourage, or least impede, the vari- sion of the opinion of that body towards the encourageous branches of commerce and of internal industry; that ment of the manufacture of bar and pig iron, as well from this principle may be and ought to be carried out to a the deep interest which a portion of this state has theremore full and extended application; and that to enact laws in, as from its being intimately connected with the proin disregard of these interests would be an undue exer-motion of agriculture, and as being articles of the highest importance to the community in all the pursuits both of cise of power. J. BUEL, chairman. peace and war. EDMUND H. PENDLETON, secretaries

Resolved, That the laws of the United States which have tended to protect our interests of navigation, manufactures and planters, against the exclusions, monopolies, regulations and bounties of other nations, have been the main source of whatever prosperity this country has enjoyed.

Resolved, That this convention disclaim every idea of supporting a sectional or partial interest of any kind, that we claim the benefits of a common interest with the merchant and the planter, and the reciprocities which tend to cement our union with the west and the south—that we ought to maintain no interest adverse to them; and that we advocate no measures but such as we believe are calculated to make our national independence more perfect, and to add to the common good of our common

DAVID E. EVANS,

The "Argus" gives some slight sketches of the various speeches delivered on the passage of the several resolutions; from these we gather that a determination was manifested to preserve moderation, but it is evident that the "strong language" lately uttered in the south had no effect to intimidate the convention, representing a vast amount of the wealth invested in agriculture and manufactures, and no small portion of the talent and character of the great state of New York. Mr. Murray, of Clinton county, on whose motion pig and bar iron were introduced, stated that the counties of Clinton and Essex furnished 2,000 tons bar iron annually, and had the means of supplying between 5 and 6,000 tons of pig Resolved, That the commercial intercourse between iron, but that the manufacture was in a declining state, this country and others, subjects us to a disadvantage in owing to large importations from Europe. He illustratthe competition with nations which are older, more im-ed the importance of the iron manufacture, by stating proved, and more wealthy than ourselves that this inequality drains our resources as fast as they are created, and keeps us comparatively poor; and that we ought to have the benefit of such a system as shall give us an equal chance in the race of improvement, of prosperity, and of national power and glory.

country.

Resolved, That agriculture, manufactures and commerce are social pursuits, and flourish best in the society of each other; and that equal protection by the go

vernment is due to each.

Resolved, That as wool and the woollen trade were the principal foundation of the prosperity, first of the Netherlands, and afterwards of England, so the people of the northern and middle states ought to look to the

that his own establishment, on an investment scarcely exceeding 100,000 dollars, daily fed six hundred mouths, consuming upwards of 5,000 bushels of grain and 400 barrels of pork, the products of the farmers of the neighborhood, &c. There does not appear any way in which money can be invested with so great advantage to the home market, as in iron-making establishments; and as we have every variety of the raw material, and as we can and will manufacture it cheaper than it can be imported, so soon as capital is fairly, and to a sufficient extent,

settled in this business, we are now, as we always have been, decidedly of opinion, that we should adopt such measures as will totally do away our dependence on Europe for this great indispensable to the concerns of war or pursuits of peace.

It a meeting of citizens of the state of Connecticut, friend of our own citizens against foreign labor and foreign ty to agriculture and manufactures held at the city of competition; and the creation of a home market for the Middletown, in said state, in pursuance of public no-products of every branch of our domestic industry, are tice, on the 12th day of July, 1827-Nehemiah Hub- primary objects of every good government, and in a pebard esq. was called to the chair, and George W. culiar manner of that of the United States. Stanley, was requested to act as secretary: Foted, That this meeting highly approve of the contemplated convention at Harrisburg, on the 30th day of July inst. and of the objects intended to be promoted thereby, and that Timothy Pitkin, Henry Watson, Henry L. Ellsworth, Gideon Wells, Jonathan Rose, Sheldon Clark, James M. L. Scovill, Calvin Goddard, Thomas, S. Perkins, Samuel W. Johnson, John Q. Wilson, Jas. McClellan, John A. Taintor, Lemuel Hurlbut, Sheldon C. Leavitt, John R. Watkinson, Wedworth Wadsworth, Francis McLean, John Hall, be, and they are hereby appointed delegates to said convention, and requested to co-operate with the other members thereof, in all law-tain no doubt of the constitutional power of congress to ful and proper means for the protection and encouragement of domestic industry, and national independence. Voted, That the secretary be, and he is hereby requested to transmit to each of the persons above nained, a copy of the foregoing vote; and also to cause the proceedings of this meeting to be published in one of the newspapers in this city, and in the city of Hartford.

GEO. W. STANLEY, secretary,

[The convention will meet at Harrisburg on Monday next and the proceedings had shall be given, at lengthi, on several accounts.]

2. Resolved, That the protection of American manufactures is, in the opinion of this meeting, the true and obvious policy of this nation; that the truth of this proposition is every day demonstrated, by the flourishing condition of every portion of our country where manufacturing establishments are in successful progress—a condition not confined to the manufacturer himself, but participated in by every other branch of industry within the sphere of its influence, and especially by the farmer: thus exhibiting the intimate union subsisting between the two great interests of agriculture and manufactures; and that while we cordially approve of the policy, we enterlegislate upon a subject which was deemed a peculiar object of their care by Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, and upon which congress has exercised the right of legislation from the origin of the government to the present day.

3. Resolved, That we regard the doctrine contained in the proceedings recently promulgated by the legislature of Virginia, denying to congress any power whatever to protect don.estic manufactures," as fallacious and visionary in the extreme--as contrary to the best interests and happiness of the nation, as it is repugnant to the true intention and correct exposition of the instrument which The former meeting in Delaware, though the major- it assumes to interpret-contradicted by the concurring ity prevailed in supporting its measures, was, to use the opinions of the fathers of the constitution itself-Washsaying of a friend, "spoiled," because of the introducington, Hamilton and Madison, and by the uniform prac tion of party spirit into it-so another meeting was called and the following proceedings had. It is computed that more than three hundred persons were present, among whom were many of the most industrious and wealthy farmers of the neighborhood. The "friends of gen. Jackson" refused their attendance.]

At a very large and respectable meeting of the citizens of the state of Delaware, friendly to manufactures and agriculture, convened by public notice, at the Town Hall in the borough of Wilmington, July 21, 1827-IVm. Cooch, esq. was called to the chair, and Jas. Canby was appointed secretary.

tice of every administration, which has acted under that constitution.

4. Resolved, That whatever difference of opinion may exist as to some of the provisions of the bill which passed the house of representatives during the late session of congress, entitled "an act for the alteration of the acts imposing duties on imports," we regard the general prin ciple of support to so important a branch of manufacture as that of woollen, as a measure peculiarly calcu lated to promote the interest of the agriculturalists and the manufacturer, by the protection it secured to the manufacture of coarse woollens, and to the produce of the raw material.

5. Resolved, That this meeting cordially accept the invitation of the Pennsylvania society of manufactures and the mechanic arts, to appoint a delegation to attend the general convention at Harrisburg, on the 30th inst, for the purpose of deliberating on the measures proper to be taken in the present "depressed state of the woollen manufacture, and of the market for wool;" and such other manufactures as require legislative encouragement; and that William Cooch, E. I. du Pont, Jes. Canby Dr. Arnold Naudain, Andrew Gray, Wm. W. Young, John Higgins, Jas. Riddle, Phillip Reybold, Jonathan Jenkins, Spencer Williams, Kendal Batson and Wm. D. Waples, be appointed delegates from this state, for the purposes expressed in this resolution.

On motion, it was Resolved, That the chairman appoint a committee of five to report resolutions expressive of the sense of this meeting: whereupon, Caleb Kirk, W. P. Brobson, Richard Mansfield, Charles I. du Pont, and Isaac W. Gibbs, were appointed. The said commitier, after being some time absent, returned with the following report-which, after being read by paragraphs, and considered, was unanimously adopted: The committee appointed by this meeting, report for adoption, the following preamble and resolutions:-The great importance of the interests of agriculture and maufactures, to the independence and prosperity of the United States, is too obvious to require proof, they must be admitted to be essential to our happiness in time of peace, and to our safety and glory in war. The employinent of our own in preference to foreign labor; the creation of a home market for the products of every branch of our domestic industry, thereby quickening the energies of agriculture and commerce; and the liberal proLection of the labor of our own citizens against foreign competition, should be among the primary duties of the government of the union. The committee consider 8. Resolved, That we cordially unite with the friends these objects, like those of the army and navy, of in- of agriculture and manufactures, in different parts of the ternal improvements, and the general system of nation-union, in the expression of grateful respect and approbaal defence, to be cardinal objects in the policy of the tion to HEZEKIAH NILES and MATHEW CAREY, for the general government, to be dealt with, and fostered, and services they have rendered to the cause of national inpromoted under its auspices; according to the means and dustry and prosperity, by their persevering, and enlightexigencies of the country. ened efforts in its support.

The progress of these great interests in the United States within the last fifteen years, and the general prosperity which has uniformly followed in their track, show that they are already under the sound action of public sentiment, and have taken too deep root in the interests and affections of the people, to be easily destroyed.

The committee, therefore, recommend the adoption of the following resolutions:

1. Resolved, That the employment of our own, in preference to foreign labor; the protection of the labor

6. Resolved, That the aforesaid delegates have power to supply any vacancy, which may occur in their number.

7. Resolved, That the secretary be requested to give notice to the respective delegates, of their appointment; and also, to furnish the chairman of the delegation with an authenticated copy of these proceedings.

9. Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the chairman and secretary, and published in all the papers of the state.

JAS. CANBY, sec'y.

WM. COOCH, chairman,

[Delegates have also been appointed from Kentucky, Ohio, and Wheeling, in Virginia, and other places. The particulars of all which will be detailed hereafter, that they may be preserved for reference. We have not time and room now.]

STATE RIGHTS.

ten-over under the "general welfare" and many were The editor of the "Tennessee Hiwassean," quotes the severely dealt with because they would not so liberally following paragraph from "Niles' Register"construct the constitution!-but having purchased and in

A question on "state rights." "If Cuba were to pass (as it has been oftentimes feared that it would) into the do- should possess all the information which can be obtained minion of Great Britain, and of which we could not dipos- respecting it, that they may make the best arrangements sess her-would the advocates of "state rights" rather practicable for its good government; it is the most necespermit a cutting of the United States into two parts, by sary because they will be obliged to ask from the people the position of that island, than find constitutional law to an amendment of the constitution, authorizing their receivmake a canal through Florida, by which the strong powering the province into the union, and providing for its goholding Cuba, to divide us, might be rendered nugatory vernment; and the limitations of power, which shall be and void? What would the agriculturists of the west and given by that amendment, will be unalterable but by the southwest, and the manufacturing and commercial people same authority. I have, therefore, sent some queries to of the middle and eastern districts of the union, say in this Mr. Clark, of New Orleans, to be answered by such percase, and in the contingency stated? And who would son as he shall think best qualified, and to be returned to oppose a proceeding so necessary to the "general wel-me before the meeting of congress; and knowing that you fare," if not even to a preservation of the confederacy, in have turned your attention to many of the subjects, I enkeeping all its parts linked together? We should like to close you a copy of them and ask the favor of you to give hear "argument" of this proposition, provided that no me what information you can in answer to such of them single essay shall fill more than twenty of the heavy col- as you shall select as lying within the scope of your inforumns of the Richmond Enquirer." mation. I am encouraged to propose thus to trouble you by a thorough persuasion of your readiness and desire to serve the public cause by whatever shall be in your power: and by the belief that you are one of those who will sincerely rejoice at our success in relieving you, by peaceable means, from a powerful and enterprising neighbor; and establishing on a permanent basis the tranquility, security, and prosperity, of that interesting country. Itender you my friendly salutations and assurances of great esteem and respect, THO. JEFFERSON.

And remarks:

WILLIAM DUNBAR, ESQ.

"It is unfair in argument, it is said, to suppose extreme cases; i. e. such cases as are never likely to occur. But when the argument turns upon the validity of any assumed principle, it is legitimate to suppose an extreme case to test the principle: for, unless it will quadrate with every possible case, it must be false. But the case put in the question is not extreme. The probability of its recurrence is not more remote than the termination of the war at present progressing between Spain and Portugal, in which Great Britain participates. For the lat- P. S. July 18.-Siuce writing the preceding, your fater power may demand Cuba as an indemnity for the ex- vor of June 10 has been received. The exchange of a penses of the war, at the conclusion of hostilities. Should peaceable for a warring neighbor at New Orleans, was hat island fall into the hands of so commercial a power undoubtedly ground of just and great disquietude on our as Great Britain, in all circumstances the commerce of part: and the necessity of acquiring the country could not the west and south would be injured, and in the case of be unperceived by any. The question which divided our war with that power, it would be almost totally destroy-legislature (but not the nation) was, whether we should ed. The affairs of men are at least so far influenced by take it at once, and enter single handed into war with the interest, as to render a division of the union no very un- most powerful nation on earth, or place things on the natural result of a destruction of this trade. It would be best footing practicable for the present, and avail ourvery wrong to say, that an instrument which was made selves of the first war in Europe, (which it was clear was for the purpose of preserving union, should furnish no at no great distance), to obtain the country as the price of expedient to remove an obstacle to union. The truth is, our neutrality, or as a reprisal for wrongs which we were the powers given to the general government by the con- sure enough to receive. The war happened somewhat stitution, are inadequate to give protection to the great sooner than was expected: but our measures were preand prevailing interests of the several sections of theviously taken, and the thing took the best turn for both country under its control, it is nonsense to defend so cra- parties. Those who were honest in their reasons for zy a fabric. Because, in that case, it is unsuitable to our preferring immediate war, will, in their candor, rejoice situation, which all will allow is a good cause to alter or that their opinion was not followed. They may indeed abolish a government; provided the alteration or aboli- still believe it was the best opinion according to probabilition cost no more than the good to be gained is worth. ties. We, however, believed otherwise, and they, I am sure, will not be glad that we did. The letter of yesterday will show you my desire of receiving information from you, and I shall always be thankful for it. My wish is to have every thing, compare all together, and to do what, on the whole, I conscientiously think for the best. I repeat my satisfaction and esteem."

If no legitimate estimation (for we are against unlimited construction) can be made to authorize the general government to make the Florida canal in the event anticipated by the question, in the name of union, let us amend the constitution and give the power. What we mean by legitimate construction, is such as is authorized by the rules which common sense dictates, to ascertain The constitutional question was argued in the house the meaning of written instruments. of representatives on the bill appropriating the money, We add-extreme cases, as they are called, (or authorising the issue of a stock), for the purchase of often occur in the history of nations. Under what clause Louisiana-but the bill passed, ayes 85, noes 7. Among or part of the constitution is it, except "to provide for the the yeas we find the name of John Randolph, and others, common defence and general welfare," that a vast tract who since have been among the strictest constructors of of country, such as Louisiana, was, with the people who in- the constitution. All these powerfully maintained the habited it, transferred to the United States for money?- right to acquire the territory, receive the people as citibought like a farm stocked, without the consent of the zens without the usual forms of naturalization, and approstock? Mr. Jefferson, as well as the present president priate the public money. The particular parts of the of the U. States, thought that an amendment of the con-constitution which supported these proceedings, are not stitution was absolutely necessary to provide for this in-referred to in the sketches of the debate before us, but corporation and addition to the republic;" but it was got

-

*The following letter from Mr. Jefferson to William Dunbar, esq. has lately been published in the Natchez Ariel, by permission of the son of Mr. Dunbar-

the general stand taken was this, as stated by Mr. Sandford, on the 25th October, 1803-"Much has been said of a breach of the constitution, but has any man shewn it. The constitution does not prohábit the powers exercised an this occasion; and, not having prohibited them, they must Washington, July 17th, 1805. be considered as possessed by government."-And on the Dear sir-Before you receive this you will have heard, same day, Mr. Randolph maintained the legal and conthrough the channel of the public papers, of the cession stitutional right of establishing discriminatory duties on of Louisiana by France to the United States; the terms as imposts and tonnage he also supported Mr. Sandford's stated in the National Intelligencer are accurate. That opinion, by saying "The constitution did not only not the treaty may be ratified in time, I have found it neces-describe any particular boundary beyond which the U. sary to convene congress on the 17th of October; and it is States could not extend," &c. and therefore not being very important for the happiness of the country, that they prohibited, the boundary might be extended. The ex