ed by those whose ignorance on the subject of mosses, or whose professional bias altogether prevented any rational judgment of the matter. The operations in the tunnel are proceeding with regularity and expedition. The cuttings at Edge-hill, Olive Mount and Rainhill, are going forward systematically, and to the satisfaction of the engineer. "Next in magnitude to the great divisions of the work which have been enumerated, is the viaduct over the valley of the Sankey, which will consist of embankments and arches. For the building of the latter, the directors have contracted for three millions of bricks, which are now making on Newton Common; and they hope to make | considerable progress in the erection of the great pillars of the viaduct in the course of the ensuing summer. "In the iron-work department, they have contracted for upwards of 3000 tons of rails and chairs, on terms considerably lower than the estimate of this important branch of expenditure. tain Franklin, now in my possession, I beg leave to lay before your lordship my views on this interesting subject, "There can be no doubt of the practicability of reaching, in any year (as is the annual custom of the whalers) that part of Spitzbergen, called Cloven Cliff,' lying in latitude 79, 52, about the middle or towards the close of May, so that the party might set off to the northward on the 1st of June. The distance of Cloven Cliff from the pole is 600 miles. "The method which I consider a practicable one of ac complishing the proposed object, is by means of boats having runners' attached to them in the manner of sledges, so as to admit of their being hauled over the ice: when no open water presented itself, and again launched at pleasure. The frame of these boats, which I propose should be two in number, should consist of larch or hic kory, so as to be at once light, tough, and rather flexible, The principal fastenings to be of copper, of the least brittle kind, and the rest to be lashings of thong, so as to render. the whole as yielding and elastic as possible, consistently with sufficient strength and stiffness. This frame being covered with leather, or some such material (to be determinined on by experiment) a boat would thus be formed, resembling the Russian baidor, in which long coasting voyages are performed, or the surf boats at Madras, and in every respect situated to the intended purpose. "1st To empower the company to borrow 100,000 "The number of individuals I should propose to be pounds from the exchequer loan commissioners; a mea-employed on this service is twenty-four; namely, two offi sure which the directors have adopted, that they may be cers and ten men to constitute each boat's crew-Annex enabled to carry forward the work with increased expedi-ed to this letter is a list of the articles required on such tion, without, at the same time, being constrained to call on the subscribers for such large instalments, or at such short intervals, between the calls, as the rapid progress of the undertaking would otherwise require. "The directors will now advert to the company's amended bill, for which the application to parliament was authorised by a general meeting of the subscribers on the 11th of December last. It is at present before the house of commons, having passed the committee of that house on the 26th inst.*The principal objects of the bill are, "2dly To enable the directors to charge interest on the amount of all future instalments in arrear, from the time the same shall be due, till the period of payment; and, an expedition; also an estimate of the weight of each, to gether with a further explanation of some of the details, to which I beg to refer your lordship. "In this estimate provision has been made for seventy two days, at a full and ample allowance, of every arti cle which is known by experience to be required on such an occasion during a polar summer. This interval of time would make it necessary to traverse 163 miles per "3dly. By a clause, the value and importance of which day in order to effect the proposed object, which (unless will be immediately apparent, to enable the company to favoured by considerable extents of open water) is per receive and divide interest, at the rate of 5 pounds perhaps too much to expect to accomplish. But having on cent per annum, on the capital expended on the under- repeated trials, found that seven days of such allowance taking, from the period of advancing the same till the may, without any privation whatever be extended to nine railway is completed; such interest to be paid out of the days, I feel confident that the supply mentioned in the surplus profit, above 19 pounds per share, before any re-estimate, aided by birds, seals, &c, would be found quite duction of tonnage rates shall take place. sufficient for ninety-two days, reducing the daily distance to 13 miles. "An oil-skin covered completely over the boats, an swering also the purpose of a sail when required, would make the people comfortable during the times of rest, each man being provided with his blanket bag, and a suit of extra clothing as a dry shift. "On the subject of the finances of the concerns, the directors will refer to an account of their receipts and disbursements which will shortly be read to the meeting; and they cannot forbear congratulating the subscribers on the prompt and efficient manner in which the several calls have been paid up; the amount of arrears at the present period, out of instalments to the extent of 102,000. pounds, being under 500 pounds, while this small defi-maux dogs, I am inclined to think that the object might ciency is principally owing to circumstances which may be expected to be obviated in a very short period. "In conclusion, the directors have only to observe, that their opinion of the railway is unchanged, whether considered as a measure of great public utility, or as a source of profit to the proprietors; and they shall continue to devote to the fulfilment of their important trust that unremitting zeal and attention which alone can justify the confidence reposed in them." EXPEDITION TO THE NORTH POLE. The official letter addressed by captain Parry to the first lord of the British admiralty, wherein his plans are detailed, is a curious and interesting document. It is as follows: To the right hou, viscount Melville, &c. (Copy) Admiralty, 13th April, 1826, "My lord-Among the enterprises which yet remain unaccomplished, and of which the object is to complete our knowledge of the the surface of the globe, it appears to me that there is none more desirable to be undertaken, and (considering the nature of such enterprises) few so easily practicable, as an attempt to reach the north pole of the earth. Having long been in the habit of contemplating such an enterprise, and being confirmed in my own opinion of its practicability by a written plan of cap *The bill has since passed both houses, and received the royal assent on the 12th inst. "From my knowledge of the qualities of the Esquí be materially assisted by employing from twelve to twen ty of these useful animals for draught;* a portion of food might be taken for them, and more would probably be procured as the party advance, but even in case of the failure of their provision, the flesh of the dogs themselves would furnish no inconsiderable addition to that of the men. "In case either of meeting with an island, or of finding ice which appears to be perpetually fixed or firmly grounded, an obvious part of the plan would be to leave there considerable portions of the baggage on the outward passage, to be taken up on the return, so as to be enabled to push on more rapidly. It is more than probably that the party would find some such mode of disencumbering themselves of a part of their baggage; besides the certain daily diminution of weight (amounting to sixty pounds), occasioned by the expenditure of provision, fuel, &e. To enable the party to take advantage of the season, it would be necessary for a ship to leave England with them about the beginning of April, so as to reach Smeer enburgh, towards the first week in May. By the middle of that month the whalers usually advance as far as Cloven Cliff. As it would be proper for the ship to be somewhat strengthened for resisting the ice, I beg to sug *Captain Parry has since been compelled so far to ale ter this part of his plan, as to employ Lapland reindeer instead of Esquimaux dogs, gest that the Hecla, would, in every respect, be well fject in view. The enterprise itself is of so interesting a adapted to this service, from 20 to 30 men, including offi-nature, and is connected with so many subjects of various cers, being added to the 24 farming the party intended to scientific enquiry, that its accomplishment could not fail go to the pole. to be highly creditable to the country which undertakes it, while the expense would be very trifling, the risk by no means extraordinary, and the whole question solved in the short space of six months. "Immediately on arriving at a proper station, the ship might be permanently and securely moored in any small and sheltered cove, of which there is no want in that neighborhood. The expedition would then set off, about the first of June, directly to the northward, being accompanied for the first hundred miles by about twelve extra men, for the purpose of assisting in the transport of the baggage, so as to make a rapid progress for the first few days. This extra party would then return to the ship, direction being given to the commanding officer immediately to employ them in transporting to the northern most of the seven islands marked in the chart, a small quantity of provision, &c. as a supply for the expedition its return, that station being 50 miles nearer to the pale than Cloven Cliff, and consequently the best to steer For in coming back. "I have thus early submitted my plan to your lordship, because, in case of its adoption, I consider it essential to success that various trials should be made in the course of the present autumn, as to the best materials and construction for the boats and other articles of equipment. It would also be of importance to procure this summer from Greenland by way of Copenhagen, the necessary number of dogs, as well as of their excellent water proof boots for travelling. It would, moreover, be desirable that the officers and men should be selected, and trained to their respective duties, in the course of the ensuing autumn, so as to be ready for proceeding to Spitzbergen early in the next spring. "I need scarcely add that should your lordship think favourable of the plan now submitted, I shall feel honored in being entrusted with its execution; confidently entertaining the proud, and I trust not unreasonable hope, of planting under your lordship's auspices, the British flag upon the north pole of the earth. I have the honor to be, my lord, your lordship's (Signed), W. E. PARRY, captain, R. N." Estimate of each of two boats. It may here be suggested that, as regards the stay of the ship at the northern part of Spitzbergen, during the three best months of the summer, the plan now proposed might be made subservient to the interests of science, by sending out some duly qualified person to employ himself during that interval, in conducting a series of experiments on the pendulum, in making a variety of interest-faithful and obedient servant, ing magnetio observations, in attending to the various meteorological phenomena, and in collecting specimens of natural history. At the same time the party proposed above to be sent to the seven islands might afterwards be engaged in exploring and surveying the eastern coast of Spitzbergen, of which we are at present wholly ignorant, and which it would be a matter of no ordinary interest to examine. I mention these collateral objects to show that during the absence of the party sent towards the pole, the rest of the expedition might be constantly and beneficially employed. The practicability of thus reaching the north pole appears to me to turn wholly on the question of resources. This being the case, it would very soon become a matter of simple calculation, whether or not the object was within the reach of the resources with which the party was furnished; so that they might at any time proceed or return, according to circumstances.-In other respects, I can perceive nothing whatever, that should make it an enterprize of extraordinary risk.-The summer temperature of the polar regions is by no means uncomfortable; the sun would be constantly above the horizon, and our men have always enjoyed remarkably robust health during excursions of this nature. If open water should frequently occur, it is always sure to be smooth, and even if it were otherwise, a boat hauled up on a floe of ice, is as secure as on shore. In fact, the more open water is found, the more easy would be the accomplishment of the enterprize; and, taking the chance of such occasional assistance, I cannot but entertain a confident hope that the whole might be completed by the end of August; and the expedition again in England before the middle of September. "With respect to the nature of the ice on which, in case of little open water, the boats would require to be hauled, the testimony of every individual who has visited these parts is highly satisfactory, affording a confident hope that the travelling over it would be easy and expeditious. Phipps, Bucan, Franklin, and Scoresby, all describe it is remarkably flat, and within the sea margin, consisting for the most part of large level, closely joined floes. Scoresby indeed expressly remarks, that a coach and four might drive along it for miles without interruption. Much of the ice which I have myself met. with has been of that description, and the probability is, that, in higher latitudes, where it may have been less disturbed, this will be found the case in a greater degree. On this account it might perhaps be desirable to have the means of putting the boats on wheels, thus furnishing a third mode of conveyance, which might occasionally be resorted to, if found convenient on trial. Boat (for twelve persons), Mast to be made of paddles,yard to be made of Oil-skin or duck covering (to be used as a sail) boat Coals (310lbs.) for each boat Meat, or pemmican, (at two-thirds of a pound Tobacco(for eight men using it) Bearding-pikes, 4, (with boat hooks at the other 1 Packages of provisions, including cooking-pot Materials of wood, canvass, thong, hammer, A small transit instrument; 3 Kater' compasses, Weight. 1025lbs. 12)3,600lbs. 300 N. B. The articles marked * will be daily reduced in weight, to the amount of 50lbs. in each boat. The Essay on Agriculture, with additions, is now published in pamphlet form at this office, and may be had in quantities at the cost, which is about fifteen dollars per thousand, or 150 cents per hundred. Those ordered will be specdily transmitted, "Such, my lord, is a brief outline of the plan by which I considér practicable to reach the north pole, and on which a variety of improvements would suggest themselves in the course of an equipment having that ob- PRINTER FOR THE EDITORS, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESŠL THIRD SERIES. No. 17-VOL. VIII.] BALTIMORE, JUNE 23, 1827. [VOL. XXXII. WHOLE No. 82S THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES & SON, At $5 per annuM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. tariff of 1816. Oppression from the payment of high duties, and destruction of ow revenue by prohibitory duties, are arguments directly opposed to each other. Both cannot be sound. Monopolies could no more exist, practically, under the woollens bill, than under the tariff and minimum principle of 1816. Nor can foreign commerce be diminished by raising up a new staple of great value in the article of wool, and by giving a very extensive and profitable employment, in a new branch of domestic mainfacture-because these operations will add to the wealth of the country, and therefore to its foreign and domestic commerce. LETTER FROM A FARMER AND WOOL GROWER. The following extract of a letter from a friend in Kentucky, under date of 23d May, ult. will interest many of our readers, and shew that people in the "backwoods" take the liberty of thinking for themselves! The writer is a farmer and a wool-grower. Let all such read it! "Upon reading that part of the debate on the woollens bill, which you have published in your "Register," and particularly the speech of Mr. Cambreleng, I could not help thinking that you must, some times, almost despair of ever producing conviction on the minds of a large portion of the community in relation to the correctness of your views, concerning the encouragement of domestic But "the farmers and wool growers" are to be taxed, manufactures. It seems to me, that if the experience we forthwith, in the moderate sum of fifteen millions of dolhave had of the good effects resulting from the minimum lars, and the additional sum of two millions annually, established by the tariff bill of 1816, will not convince while they are to gain only the sum of $67,500!!! Mr. such men as Mr. Cambreleng, nothing will do it. By Cambreleng must have supposed "the farmers and wool that law, no foreign cotton goods were estimated to have growers" were very sheepish, indeed, or he never would cost less than 25 cents the square yard, and the duty was have put forth, for their consideration, such a statement to be charged accordingly. The duty on low priced cotton as matter of fact. This extravagant assumption is made goods was, therefore, nominally, about one hundred per upon the supposition, that all foreign goods, now in the cent.; yet who ever heard of this high duty giving rise to country, and those hereafter to be brought, and all domessmuggling? or of any body being oppressed by its pay-tic goods, will rise equivalent to the nominal increase of ment? or of a monopoly enriching the domestic manufac-duty, which increase he assumes to be from 41 2-3 to 106 turer? No one paid the duty, because no person found per cent. in addition to the present duty of 33 per cent. it his interest to import cotton goods, which could be Let us take the second minimum as the one on which he made cheaper and better at home. There was no smug-founds his chief argument. The four minimums are 40 gling, because American skill and domestic competition cents, $1 50, $2 50, and $4 00, the square yard. Cloths, very soon brought our cotton manufactures to such a the original cost of which should be exactly 40 cents, state of perfection, that cotton goods were made cheaper $1 50, $2 50, and $400, or a little under those prices, and much better than they could be procured from foreign-would pay only a duty of 334 per cent. the present rate of ers, even if admitted duty free. There was no mono- duty. But, according to Mr. Cambreleng, cloths which poly, because monopoly cannot exist where skill and cost 41 cents the square yard, will have to pay an increased capital can be safely applied by all who choose, with a duty of 106 per cent. or 1994 per cent. in the whole. perfect assurance that foreign capitalists shall not have it That may appear to be so in theory, but what would be in their power, by a small temporary sacrifice, to break the practical effect? Mr. Cambreleng has shewn, in down their infant establishments before they have attain-another part of his speech, that, under the existing duty, ed the maturity and vigor of manhood. Experience also including all charges on importation, difference of exproved, that foreign commerce was increased, not dimi- change, &c. that cloths cannot be brought into the counnished, by giving profitable employ ment to home industry at less that 75 per cent. on first oost, allowing no protry, as it must ever do. Profitable employment, in new fit to the importer. At this rate a yard of cloth, which branches of industry, must increase our wealth, and con- costs 40 cents in England, would stand the importer 70 sequently increase our means of purchasing foreign pro- cents-allowing 10 per cent. for the importer's profit, and ductions. And therefore, though we may purchase less 20 per cent. for the retail dealer, the selling price would low priced cotton goods, (or, if you please, none at all), be 924 cents the square yard. Now let us see what a we will purchase more than an equivalent in other arti- yard which costs 41 cents, would have to sell for to nett cles which our own country cannot profitably produce. the same profit. Cost 41 cents, 75 per cent. thereon, Thus, for the six millions of dollars worth of domestic equal to 333 cents; difference between the duty on the manufactures annually exported, we must take some-yard costing 40 cents and that costing 41 cents, equal to thing in return. It cannot be all brought back in money 514 cents, total 123, add 10 per cent. for importer's profit and retained, because we would thus soon have a greater and 20 for the retail dealer, and the selling price would accumulation of money than the business of the country be $1 624. Thus the retail price of the yard which cost could profitably employ; and, as money must necessarily 41 cents, would be 70 cents more than the yard which seek an equilibrium with the business of the country, if cost 40 cents, and yet there would be only one cent difmore is imported than that business requires, it would be ference in the intrinsic value. The practical effect would sent abroad and exchanged for foreign productions. But be that no cloths would be imported except those which by giving profitable employment to home industry, you cost the minimum prices, or a little under; and the sup produce an increased demand for capital in proportion to ply of the market for the intermediate cloths would be sethe variety and extent of the application of home indus-cured to the domestic manufacturers. Nor could they try; and thus, while you extend foreign and domestic commerce you continually add to the capital and wealth of the country. demand monopoly-prices for such intermediate cloths, because by so doing they would make them relatively dearer than the foreign cloths imported to suit the miniBut all this experience seems to be lost upon Mr. Cam- mums next below and above the prices asked for such dobreleng. His excessive sympathies for "the farmer and mestic cloths. The plan of the woollens bill is therefore wool grower" appear to have bereaved him of his judg-admirably calculated to secure the domestic market ment. I am both a farmer and a wool grower. And, as from an undue foreign competition, in relation to all he addresses himself "to the reason and sound under-cloths between the different minimums, and at the same standing of the wool growers, and the great agricultural time to prevent even an attempt at monopoly prices. interests of the country, and to the American people," Whilst the market is fully supplied with foreign cloths I have examined his speech with great care, consider-of the kinds suitable for the four minimums, and which ing myself as one of the persons to whom it is addressed. may be introduced without paying any increase of duty, But to me it seems perfectly clear, that the whole of his it will be impossible for the domestic manufacturers to arguments and conclusions are directly at variance with practice any imposition on the community, even at the out the experience derived from the practical effect of the Eset; and a home competition with the skill resulting from VOL. XXX!!No. 18. the experience that will soon be acquired, must, in a very short time, bring down the prices of cloth greatly below what we now pay. I therefore, as a "farmer and wool grower," do not fear the alarming prognostications of Mr. Cambreleng's feverish imagination; but, on the contrary, feel perfectly assured that immense benefits will result to the farmer, the wool grower, and to every class of the community by the passage of a law upon the principles of the woollens bill. Want of room prevents me from making any remarks in relation to domestic wool. You have my hearty thanks for your valuable labors in support of the "American system," and my prayers that no obstacle may prevent you from persevering in the good work, until your labors prove triumphant, (as they certainly will do), over all opposition." We recommend the preceding to our Pittsburg friend. As far as it goes, it is just about what we in tended to say to him, though better said, perhaps, than we should have said it, and exactly comes up to our notions about Mr. Cambreleng's calculations. SLAVERY will cease in the state of New York on the 4th of next month, the anniversary of the Independence of the United States-persons, however, the children of slaves, who shall be born before that day, will remain as servants to the owners of such slaves until they shall arrive at 21 years of age; but all born after the day stated will be absolutely free. On the 5th day of July, in the present year, slavery will then be unknown to the laws of New York. Would that, with equal propriety, we might announce that such was the condition of every other state; and that a decline or retirement of the colored population could be brought about, to make room for free laborers to defend their country, instead of that class against which the country requires to be defended, by the presence of at least as many free white persons as there are slaves within it. On this principle, a writer in the "Genius of Universal Emancipation," shews that the disposable arms-bearing force of the state of New York, only, is superior to that of all the states north of the Potomac and Ohio, together with that of Maryland and Delaware. The exhibit is as follows: All the states, south of the Ohio and Potomac rivers, have a free white population of 2,494,455 From these extract a number equal to the united black population 1,476,608 This leaves The surplus militia, at 19* per cent. will amount to, men The state of New York alone has a free white population of 1,333,622 Extract a number equal to the united black population Leaves The surplus militia at 19 per cent. equals, men 39,367 1,294,255 245,909 From the above, it appears that New York alone is stronger than all the slave states south of the Ohio and Potomac, by a force equal to 52,518 militia. And to complete the picture, we will show the whole force of Maryland and Delaware, computed on the same principle, (and is it not a just principle?) with the southern states, and the disposable militia of New York will exceed them all by 23,854 men. NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. A letter from an officer of the United States navy, dated Valparaiso, Feb. 12, says: "We are quite anxious to know the result of the race between the United States and the Brandy wine; the former weighed anchor and stood out for sea under top-gallant sails, the latter keeping under topsails until the United States had passed ahead, and dropped her near mile; before both ships got under full sail, they were distant about five miles, and it was the general impression of the gentlemen in the tops of the Vincennes, and the officers of the English squadron, that the Brandywine was coming up with her rapidly; they were hull down" however in a very short time and we have no assured grounds upon which to form a positive opinion. The United States has beaten every thing in this sea, and there can be no doubt of her heels. Our great anxiety is to know whether in the rage of modern ship building, we have improved upon the ancient model. It is with me a matter problematical, whether the ships of the old school, to wit: Constitution, President, United States, &c. are not the ne plus ultra of the art." [The writer proceeds to notice the great courtesy which exists between the officers and crews of the British vessels in those seas and our own. The British vessels were gaily dressed and their yards manned, to bid adieu to the United States, and she was saluted by the Cambridge 74, which was returned gun for gun.] UNION CANAL. We take great pleasure in announeing, that, on Tuesday last, the 12th of June, the first canal boat passed from Womelsdorf, westward, through the tunnel, to the water works, and on the day following to Middletown, on the Susquehannah. The canal is regularly navigated from Middletown to the water works, and anthracite coal conveyed to the latter point. Personal inspection enables us to say, that the canal, through the limestone region lying between the tunnel and the mouth of the Tulpehocken, appears to be completely water tight. These simple facts dissipate the gloomy forebodings which have been insinuated into the public mind for the last seven years. We congratulate the stockholders in The writer proceeds, and concludes his article with the this canal upon the success of their enterprise, and confollowing table, which may interest some who are curi-gratulate the people of Pennsylvania who are to reap the ous in such things: chief benefit of it. I shall conclude by giving a comparative view of the strength of the several states and territories, on the above principle. Of the whole strength of the country. Population. 1,372,812 1,049,398 581,434 523,287 Per cent. 21,14 16,15 9,34 8,36 *Twenty per cent. on one 5th of the whole population of a country, are usually supposed capable of bearing arins.-E. REG. [Har. Chron. CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL. The citizens of Georgetown and its vicinity have, with a laudable zeal, lately held two public meetings, for the purpose of deciding on the amount of shares which they deem it praeticable or expedient for that town, in its corporate capacity, to subscribe for, in the capital stock of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal company. The final meeting, *Those marked thus (*) are slave states. +In South Carolina, the blacks exceed the whites, in the proportion of 35 to 31; and in Louisiana in the proportion of 34 to 31. THE "BIG DITCH." We were presented with a fine bunch of radishes, of which several barrels arrived yesterday in a western packet boat, for the Rochester inarket, from Detroit! They are preserved in ice, and are fresh and green. Let the enterprize be handsomely re[Rochester Daily Telegraph. warded. which was very numerously attended, was held on Saturday last, the proceedings of which, as well as of the preceding, we have obtained for publication, and will give in detail as early as practicable. In the mean time, we state the result of their consultations, which was highly creditable to the public spirit of the meeting. They resolved that it is expedient for the several corporations AMERICAN MANUFACTURES. The New York Courier and the citizens generally of the District of Columbia to promote the immediate commencement of the eastern says:-The first bell made from blistered bar steel meltsection of the canal; and, by a unanimous vote, they re-ed, (generally called cast steel), and cast in a mould, commended to the corporation of the town to procure a loan of 250,000 dollars, for the payment of which specific funds shall be pledged, and to subscribe that sum in the stock of the eastern section of the canal; and we learn that it is probable that this amount will be incrcased by private and corporate subscriptions in Georgetown, to the sum of half a million. Doubtless, the other corporations of the district will follow this spirited example to the extent of their ability. [Nat. Intel. CANALS IN VERMONT. was made on Thursday, the 7th inst. at the New York Steel Manufacturing Company's works, under the superintendence of a gentleman lately from Baltimore, who has secured a patent. Dr. Mitchell has examined the above bell, and pronounces it equal in sound to any bell made of composition. The cast steel bell is manufactured in the usual form, and can be made for 20 to 25 cents per lb. and weigh no more than bells made of the usual metal. WATER POWER. The "Petersburg Intelligencer," A number of engineers are speaking of an extract of a letter to the editor of the engaged, by the direction of the national executive, in "Register" concerning the water power at Petersburg, Va. corroborates the statement, and says "should not making surveys and ascertaining the practicability of connecting the waters of Connecticut river and Lake Cham- those upon whom nature has bestowed this good gift, atplain by a canal. Accompanied by the governor of Ver-tempt at least to improve it otherwise, will they not show themselves unworthy of the bounties of Provimont, they have already made an excursion to the height dence." [Certainly-provided it shall be done in a conof land in Williamstown, and found appearances more stitutional manner!] favorable than was anticipated. Another route is by way of Northfield to White river, and a third by way of Wells' river to the Connecticut. Another party of engineers are on the survey of a route from Magog lake, by way of Samoile river to Lake Champlain. [Hartford Times. PORCELAIN CLAY. The New York Times, says-A beautiful white clay has been discovered in Vermont, which will probably be suited to the manufacture of porcelain. It has not been ascertained how it proves in experiment, but there can be no doubt that it is porcelain clay, even though it should require modifying in the manufactory. It is stated to be very white, and as fine as flour, melts readily under the blow pipe, forms a paste with water, and when used like lime for a wash or paint, adheres strongly to wood, and gives it a fine white color. There are several varieties of clay used in porcelain ware in the European manufactories, and it will be an easy matter to ascertain whether this will require any material modification for use. A gentleman from Nantucket lately showed us a specimen of porcelain clay found there in great abundance, very fine and white. GREAT CANAL PROJECT. The great and important work of a grand ship canal from London to Portsmouth, it is understood, is certainly to take place; supported by several government officers, the East India company, the bank of England, several other public establishments, and the commercial and shipping interests. Two surveys have been made for that purpose; one by Mr. Cundy and another by Messrs. Rennie and Giles--the survey of the former begins at Deptford, opposite the London docks, through Kennington, Wandsworth, by Morden church to Epsom Common, Leatherhead, Dorking, Ock- And it is stated in a Pittsburg paper that a company of ley church, Arundel, and from thence to Spithead; mak- practical mechanics have arrived from England, and are ing a distance of about 75 miles, of which 46 miles are about to establish a PORCELAIN MANUFACTORY, in the vitide level, raising 120 feet, with only four locks up to the cinity of that city. Clay suitable for that purpose, is summit level of 26 miles. The principal difference be found in any desirable quantity, in the immediate neightween Messrs. Rennie and Giles' survey and that of Mr.borhood-we wish the enterprising individuals success. Cundy, is that the former gentlemen would take the canal from Leatherhead Common through Guilford, instead of Dorking, the objection to which is that it is five miles further; but both surveys are equally practicable. This canal is to be 150 feet in width and 30 feet in depth; the expense is estimated at £4,000,000, and it will employ 20,000 workmen for four years. RAIL ROADS. There is an extensive porcelain manufactory established at Philadelphia, which promises complete success. That near New York is doing well. We shall soon drink our own coffee out of our own cups, sweetened with our own sugar; and we are of those who do not think it best to import all these things. AMERICAN SYSTEM. A carpet and shawl manufactory A meeting of the citizens of Chillicothe, is in operation at Tariffville, Conn. under the direction of took place on the 2d instant, for the purpose of taking H. R. Knight. A company has been incorporated to into consideration the propriety of adopting measures carry on the business, and the specimens produced are for having the railway continued through Ohio, which the said to be elegant. Perhaps it will not be long before citizens of Maryland contemplate erecting from the city we shall not only tread American soil out of doors but American carpets in our houses, to the exclusion of the foof Baltimore to some point on the Ohio river. reign article. Many already do this. The resolve authorising the appoinment of an engineer and commissioners, for surveying a route or routes for a "OLD DOMINION." It is a pity that old Virginia should rail road from Boston to the Hudson river, and appro- not be inclined at this day to adhere to the wise and virpriating a sum not exceeding ten thousand dollars for de-tuous resolutions of her patriots and statesmen, as adoptfraying the expense, has passed the house of representa- ed in a general convention, held in Williamsburg, on the tives of Massachusetts, by a vote of 166 to 47, and re- 1st of August 1774, when Great Britain was using vioceived the sanction of the senate by a large majority. COAL AND IRON. Another extensive bed of coal has, within a few days, been discovered in Pennsylvania, on Big Mahony creek, about eight miles from the Susquehannah. The bed was found accidentally, the coal appearing upon the surface. About three weeks since a mine of very rich ore was found in the Mahony mountain about six miles from the river. It is supposed by the farmers to be iron, but has not yet been submitted to scientific examination. lence to effect what she has since supported by a subtle and crafty policy. Extracts. "We do hereby resolve and declare, that we will not, either directly or indirectly, import from Great Britain, any goods, wares, or merchandise, nor any of her manufactures," &c. "We will endeavor to improve our breed of sheep, and increase their number to the utmost extent, and to this end, we will be as sparing as we can in killing sheep, especially those of the most profitable kind." "We will turn our attention from the cultivation of tobacco, to the cultivation of such |