of the north pay into the public treasury for licences of hectares pays as follows: 6,820,000 francs. 7,637,000 In the south. 3,599,700 francs. 276,216 do. 3,875,916 "The building when finished will be a quadrangular oblong of nearly 480 feet by 44 feet, containing a double stack of dormitories, or cells built back to back, 100 to the front and 100 to the rear, being 200 on each tier, and 4 tiers high, making a total of 800 cells. These cells are enclosed by an outer wall at the distance of 9 feet; a corridor or gallery of that width, open to the roof, running round the cells. The entrance to the upper tier of cells being by narrow wooden galleries projecting in the corridor, with stairs at each end; by this arrangement, the whole 800 cells are under the watch of only two men in the corridor, one on each side; indeed, they may be said to be under the watch of only one man, as one can hear every thing passing in the prison. The cells are about 3 feet 6 inches by 7 feet, which, with 2 feet, the thickness of doorway, makes the length of each 9 feet; each That is to say, a million of hectares in the north pays excell has a wrought iron door, the upper half a grating, op-actly twice as much as a million of hectares in the south. posite to which in the outer wall is a grated and glazed Now, the north of France sends 740,846 children to window to give light or air of this building one third is school, and the south 375,931, or about half as many as built, the cells, the whole four tier, with the exception the north. of about 30; the outer wall is up to the top of the third tier or floor with a temporary wood roof, which is intend-of the relative progress of the arts in these two great divi"We will now endeavor to point out certain indications ed to be of stone when finished. The whole of this building has been the work of the July 1, 1791, to July 1, 1825, and from this it appears, sions of France. I have examined the list of patents from convicts, from the blasting the rock to the hanging the that the thirty-two departments of enlightened France doors, ready to lock themselves up. Most of the build-have obtained 1,689 patents, and the fifty-four departing is cut stone, and stands as before observed, 10 feet ments unenlightened France 413 patents. above high water; in front, the convicts have filled in a considerable plot of ground, and by the end of this season it will extend 300 feet into the river, having a front of 500 feet in length." means of forming a comparison. The University annu"The colleges of Paris have afforded me another ally bestows on all the colleges of Paris and Versailes an immense number of prizes, second prizes, and accessits. In the University Almanack are printed the names SOUTH AND NORTH OF FRANCE of the pupils rewarded, and the places of their birth. I [From the London Morning Chronicle, of Mar. 19.] commenced by taking away all the pupils born in Paris, Subjoined is a translation which we have made of the so as not to give an undue advantage to the northern demost important passages in a speech on the effects of partments. I then reckoned separately-1, all the pupopular instruction on the prosperity of France, deliver-pils from the thirty-one departments of the north, leav ed by M. Charles Dupin, on the opening of the Normal ing out the Seine; 2, all the pupils from the fifty-four decourse of geometry and mechanics at the conservatory of partments of the south; and the following was the strik arts and trades in Paris, November 29, 1826: The ing result: people of Maryland, and of the more southern states, cannot reflect upon the matters stated with too much earnest-107. ness. The school fund of Connecticut amounts to 1,700,000 dollars, and is increasing, though enough of its income is used to give a common education to every child in the state. Pupils rewarded from the 31 northern departments Pupils rewarded from the 54 southern departments 36. "But another fact has appeared to me still more remarkable. The 143 rewards consisted of 37 prizes and 106 accessits; now of the 37 prizes granted by the University to the children from the departments, 38 were obtained by children from the north, and 4 by the children "I have divided France into two portions; the northern, consisting of thirty-two departments, containing thirteen millions of inhabitants: and the southern, fifty four de-from the south. partments, with eighteen millions of inhabitants. The "The Polytechnic school, which is noted for the equithirteen millions of the north send 740,846 pupils tot of its regulations, requires that the pupils who offer school; the 18 millions of the south send $75,951. Hence, it appears, that out of each million of inhabitants the north of France sends 56,988 children to school, and the south 20,885. So that primary instruction is three times more extended in the north than in the south. themselves from all parts of France, as candidates for admission, should have already acquired a considerable stock of mathematical and literary information. I have examined the lists of pupils admitted during thirteen consecutive years, and have found, that of 1,933 pupils ad"I shall now proceed to show some remarkable conse-mitted, 1,233 were sent from the thirty-two departments quences which result from this disproportion. of the north, and 700 from the fifty-four departments of the south. knowledged, choses its members with impartiality, from "In the north of France, notwithstanding the rigor of the climate, which entirely prevents the cultivation of olives, capers, oranges, and lemons, and scarcely allows the growth of Indian corn and the mulberry-tree in some of the departments; which deprives Normandy, Picardy, Artois, French Flanders, and Ardennes, of the culture of the vine; notwithstanding this absence of natural riches, the mass of the people in the north, havmg more instruction, activity, and industry, obtain from the soil a reve-wards granted by government at the periodical exhibi"I have reserved, as a last mode of comparison, the renue sufficient to pay 127,634,765 francs land tax on tions of the products of national industry. At the exhi18,692,191 hectares; whilst the fifty-four departments bition of 1819, the rewards were in the following proof the south only pay 125,412,969 francs land tax on a superficies of 34,841,235 hectares. portion. "Thus, for each million of hectares the public treasury receives from"Enlightened France "Unenlightened France 6,820,000 francs land tax. 3,599,700 ditto. "The superiority of the public revenues furnished by the enlightened part of France is particularly observable in tax for licences, which is calculated on the same scale throughout the kingdom. The thirty-two departments 32 northern departments. 54 southern departments 293 26 45 36 107 "The exhibition of 1823 presented results not less striking. "Thus, in whatever point of view we regard the two culture or their commerce; at whatever period of life portions of France, whether with respect to their agriwe observe the population of the north and that of the fifths only are employed in books. The rest is employed in printing for private business, or the public administration. south-in tender infancy, at college, at the Polytechnic | in activity was 1,550. These 1,550 presses printing at school, at the academy of sciences, in the invention of im- the rate of two reams a day each, would give, for 300 provements in the arts, and in the national rewards be-days labour, 930,000 reams. But of this quantity twostowed on industry-every where we find an analogous, and almost always a proportionate difference. To men capable of comparing effects with causes, this constant uniformity of results, this pervading superiority in favor of that part of the kingdom where instruction has been the most spread, will demonstrate clearly the advantage of this instruction in promoting trade, arts, and sciences, as well as private and public opulence." PRINTING AND PUBLISHING IN FRANCE. [From the London Times.] The 372,000 reams employed in books amount to 186,000,000 of sheets, or between 13,000,000 and 14,000,000 of volumes. Of this number the press of M. Firman Didot alone produces 400,000 volumes. Statistical researches, respecting the city of Paris, estimate the property of a printing office on an average at 9333 francs each press. The 1550 presses would thus give a capital of 14,466,150 francs. They require an anA private letter from Paris, dated March 3, says-The nual outlay of 2,325,000. Every press employs two pressproject of a law against the press, presented to the cham- men and three compositors, making 7750 workmen, to ber of deputies, had a double object. It was intended to whom we must add the foreman, the correctors of the give the death-blow to the bookselling trade, and to ex-press, and all those employed about a printingoffice. The tinguish the journals. The chamber has subjected it to modifications so numerous, that we still hope books may be printed under it; but the existence of the journals is menaced with destruction. If the chamber of peers does not reject the dispositions which the chamber of deputies has already adopted, three-fourths of the journals of Paris, and almost all those of the departments, will cease to exist at the promulgation of the new law. That which has saved at least in part, the book selling trade, is the great extension which this branch of industry has acquired within the last few years, and the great number of interests involved in its fate. estimate for the whole is 10,000. The foreman and readers gain weekly 45 francs, the compositors 4 francs a day, the pressmen 4 francs. Thus, 4650 gain in 300 days 2250 engravers, foremen, and correctors of the Francs. 6,277,500 3,720,000 5,265,000 15,262,500 The hot-pressing of paper employs 400 persons, who gain annually 202,500 francs; and the stitching 1300, who gain 912,500 francs. To this amount we must add the remuneration given to men of letters, but this amount is comparatively small, as the greatest part of those works are re-impressions of books, the copyright of which has devolved on the public. A member of the chamber of peers, Mr. Daru, has published tables of all the publications which have issued from the French press from the year 1811 to 1825. In these tables he mentions the nature of the work, or the subject of which it treats, the number of sheets of which each work is composed, and the total number of sheets printed off. He likewise describes the various branches The number of binders, including their workmen, of industry connected with the composition or the com- amounts to 1200. The most able gain four trancs a day, merce of books, the number of persons employed in and the rest from two to two and a half francs. For 300 them, and the total value of their productions. The fol-days they thus gain 960,000 francs. Adding to this sum, lowing are the principal results of his researches: the price of the raw materials, and the profits of the masThe first element of which books are composed, is ters, we have 2,240,000 francs. In fine, the annual prorags or old linen. The quantity of this material annual-duce of printing and paper, &c. amounts to 21,588,113 ly used by the paper manufacturers amounts to 81,660,000 francs. This sum divided among 13,500,000 volumes, Ibs. Rags sell at eight franes the quintal, so that the va- gives as the average price of each, 1 fiane and 61 cenlue of the whole quantity absorbed by the paper manu- times. It is here that the trade of the bookseller begins. fcturers amounts to 7,480,000 francs, or near £500,000, At Paris the number of booksellers is 664; in the de sterling. The provinces supply seven-eights of this ma-partments 922. The books that remain unsold, the exterial. At Paris it is collected in the streets. The num-pense of carriage, and the profits of trade, raise each vober of persons who live by collecting it is about 4,000, lume to 24 francs. Thence it follows, that the 13,500,000 each of whom gains about 36 sous, or 1s. 6d. per day. volumes produce annually in trade the value of 33,750,000 The total number of individuals who support themselves francs. by this kind of industry, at the rate of about 500 francs a year, is about 14,960. There are in France 200 paper-manufactories, having in all about 1,200 tubs. Each tub produces a day eight reams of paper, which would amount in 300 days to 2,380,000 reams. Of the paper it is calculated that the quantity used by grocers, upholsterers, and other trades, unconnected with writing or printing, is 850,000 reams. In paper for writing or drawing the estimate is 1,100,000lb. and in printing paper 980,000. The number of persons employed on an average in a paper manufactory is 15, which gives 18,000 for the 200 manufactories. We must ade to this number the paper sellers and the individuals employed in carrying it from one place to another. Having thus explained the material productions of the press in France, it remains to state its intellectual produce. But these details I reserve for another letter. STATE OF CRIME IN FRANCE. Paris, Feb. 17.-On Tuesday, M. de Peyronnet laid before his majesty a collection of tables, published in France for the first time, setting forth the number of accusations which have been brought before the court of assizes, the different judgments which have been pro nounced, and also those brought before the tribunals of simple correctional police. From a review of the first forty-eight tables, it appears that, in the year 1825, 5653 accusations were tried by the court of assizes; of these, The number of type-foundries is 35. The workmen 1547 were for crimes against persons, and 4106 against employed in type founding and in the manufacture of property. The total number accused was 7234. The stereotype, is 1,000. The annual produce of this manu-following tables give a number of interesting comparisons facture is estimated in value at 650,000frs. between the number of accused and the population of each department: in all France, the number of accused is one in 4211 inhabitants. Taking each department separately, the number varies as from one in 27,342 to one in 1001 inhabitants. The first calculation is taken from the Other branches of industry contribute to the manufac-department of the Correze. In the department of the ture of books. Thus at Paris there are reckoned 30 li-Charente there was found to be one in 9929. The dethographic presses, 82 engravers in taille douce, 202 cop-partment of the Seine gave one in 1022; and there was perplate-engravers, 9 wood-engravers, 23 engravers of only one in 1001 inhabitants in Corsica. But a remark. geography and topography, 17 music engravers, 300 card-able difference was established between these two distant makers, and 5 illuminators of parchment. departments. In Paris, out of 100 accused, 10 only The number of printers existing in France is 665; of were for crimes against persons, and 90 against property; that number Paris has 82. In the departments all of whereas, in Corsica, 76 accusations out of 100 were for them are not occupied. In 1825 the number of presses crimes against the lives of individuals. Out of the six The manufacture of ink at Paris alone occupies seven establishments, which make in the year 76,000lb of ink. The average price per lb. is two francs, which raises the value of the whole to 150,000 frs. departments in which the principal towns in France are situated, those of the Seine Inferieure, Rhone, and Bouches du Rhone, exceeded the mean proportion of accusations, whilst on the contrary, in the departments of the Loire Inferieure, of the Nord, and the Gironde, they fell short of it. But in all these departments it is remarkable there are fewer crimes against the lives of individuals than against property. In the 58 departments including those of Amiens, Rennes, Angers, Bordeaux, Limoges, Bourges, Dijon, and Pau, where the royal courts are held, the mean number has not been attained, whilst it has been exceeded in the remaining 29. The mean number of individuals accused of crimes against persons throughout the whole kingdom was 29 in 1000. In 39 departments, including Agen, Montpellier, Nismes, and Aix, the number exceeded this medium. In nine departments, the geographical situation of which is very remarkable, namely, Lot, L'Ariege, Oriental Pyrenees, L'Herault, Lozere, Ardiene, Haute, Loire. Var, and Corse, the number of crimes against life great ly exceeded the number against property. of the establishment, including annuities to the infirm clergy, is estimated at 25,650,000 francs, or $5,130,000! Protestant clergy. The Calvanists have three pastors, who receive yearly each 3,000 francs; 28 who receive each 2,000; 69 who receive each 1,500, and lastly 195 pastors, each 1,000-total Calvanist ministers 295. There are 2 Lutheran pastors, each receiving 3,000 francs; 25, cach 2,000; 21 each 1,500; and 175 pastors, each 1,000total, 220 Lutheran ministers. Sum total paid to the Protestant clergy 623,000 francs, ($124,600), 24,000 francs allowed for their colleges, and 50,000 for places of worship-sum total for the Protestant religion, $139,400. This sum is paid by the French government; but it must also be remarked, that there are many Protestant clergy in France who do not receive any stipend from the government, it being a regulation not to make any grant where the Protestant population does not amount to a thousand. It will be seen by the foregoing statement that the proportion of the expense of the Protestant, to the expense of the Catholic church, is 1 to 14. Comparisons also may be made between the Catholic clergy in France and the Protestant clergy in England, by which it will appear that the English clergy have not much greater emoluments, considering the cheapness of living in France, and that a French ecclesiastic has no family to provide for; his stipend is spent upon himself alone. Some of our bishoprics and large livings may perhaps form an exception, but the inferior clergy in France are decidedly better remunerated than the same body of most laborious and useful men are in England. POPULATION OF FRANCE. Out of the 7234 accused, 2640 have been acquitted, and 4594 condemned: namely, 176 to death, 351 to hard labour for life, 1271 to the same for a fixed term of years, 1370 to close confinement, 6 to stand in the pillory, 1 to be banished, 1359 to imprisonment, with or without fines, and 58 under 16 years of age, to be confined in the house of correction during a certain number of years. On an average, throughout the whole kingdom, 36 out of 100 have been acquitted, and 64 condemned; namely, 44 to capital punishments and the galleys, and 20 to imprisonment and the pillory, &c.; but in the department of the Nord 25 out of 100 have been acquitted, and 75 condemned, namely, 56 to capital punishments, and 19 The average population of France, during the six to lesser sentences. In the court of assizes of the de- years from 1817 to 1823, has been computed at 30,319,414 partment of the Corte d'Or, 19 out of 100 only were ac-souls. The average of the annual marriages, births, quitted, and the rest, of which 77 to capital punishments, deaths, and increase of population, during the same pcwere condemned. In the department of the Lower Alpsriod appears to be as follows: 68 were acquitted, and the rest, of which 23 to capital punishments, were condemned, out of 100. The court of assizes of Haute Loire acquitted 58 out of 100, and 42 condemned, but 19 only to capital punishments. A no less difference is remarkable also in the nature of the crimes. For example, in the accusations for bigamy 15 out of 16 were condemned to the capital punish ents. In rebellions, out of 100, 12 only were capitally condemned, 17 to minor punishments, and 71 were acquitted. For cutting and maiming, 15 capital condemnations, 34 minor punishments, and 51 out of 100 acquitted. For infanticide, 19 were condemned out of 100, to capital punishments, 44 were acquitted, and 37 declared guilty of involuntary homicide, and condemned to correctional punishments, the maximum of which was two ycars' imprisonment. Marriages... 218,917 ..957,856 Female births.. ..424,227 Legitimate births.. Illegitimate births. POPULATION OF NAPLES. By accounts which have been published of the births. marriages and deaths, that took place in the various provinces of the kingdom of Naples during the years 1822, 1823 and 1824, the following appears to be the general In the same year, 96,061 causes came before the tri-result: bunals of correctional police, in which 141,733 individuals were implicated. Out of these 57,002 were for crimes against the forest and game laws, implicating 86,861 individuals. Of the total number, 5110 were condemned to upwards of one year's imprisonment; 17,454 to less than a year, and 95,682 condemned to pay a fine; and five captains of vessels were dismissed from service. THE FRENCH CHURCHI The following statement of the Roman Chatholic and Protestant clergy in France, with their respective stipends, paid by the French government, is extracted from documents laid before the chambers by the minister of the interior: In 1822-218,525 In 1823-221,993 In 1824-255,010 The proportion, therefore, of the births, deaths and marriages, to the whole population, during the three years already mentioned, seems to be as follows: Births. In 1822-1,24 Deaths. 1,35 1,33 1,27 ITEMS. Marriages. 1,111 1,110 1,127 The high-pressure principle! Gen. Alexander Smyth, of Virginia, advertises that he instructs young gentlemen in the science of the law, at his residence, Wythe Court House, Virginia. He says Roman Catholic clergy. The established church of France is composed of four cordinals, one of whom, the archbishop of Paris, has 100,000 francs yearly, about $20,000; the other three, 50,000 each, about $6,000. "Six months of diligent application, under the instrucThere are 13 archbishops, besides the metropolitan, who tion of the subscriber, will probably qualify the student to receive each 25,000 francs, $5,000; 66 bishops, each obtain a license. A gentleman from Mississippi, (who did 15,000; 174 vicar generals, each from 2,000 to 4,000; 660 not confine himself to the study of law only), passed an canons or prebendaries, each from 1,500 to 2,400; examination in five months and a week. Gentlemen from 2,917 cures or rectors, each from 1,100 to 1,600; 22,516 the low country and the south, may become lawyers while deservants or curates, each from 750 to 900 francs per an-they withdraw to pure air, excellent water, and a cool To the colleges for educating the younger clergy, climate, during the sickly season. 940,000 francs, or $188,000; and for repairing and build-1 Ang churches, 200,000, or $40,000. The whole expense num. PRINTED FOR THE ÉDITORS, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS. THIRD SERIES. No. 13-VOL. VIII.] BALTIMORE, MAY 26, 1827. [VOL. XXXII. WHOLE No. 819 THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. EDITED AND PUBIASHED BY H. NILES & SON, at $5 per anNUM, PAYABLE in advance. The article headed "Washington's Papers," will disguise" which is carrying on to impede the progress of Rot fail to attract the attention of our readers. It shews thein, if not to destroy their operation. We know nothing the "father of his country" in a light that must, if it be of what is called politics in this matter. The doctrines possible, increase the general veneration for his memory. of Virginia, as set forth in Mr. Giles' resolutions, are just It is apparent, however, that those who hold the new as unacceptable to us now as ever they were; and we can~. opinions about "state rights," will not be well pleased not avoid resisting their adoption by our formaer friends in with some of the disclosures about to be made; for he Pennsylvania and elsewhere. What cotton is to the was an ardent supporter of internal improvements, and south, wool should be, and yet will be, to several of the thought there was power in the general government to states in other parts of this union. The first was protectpromote the "general welfare." The doctrines held by ed and its cultivation is extended by the tariff, as many one party of the political warriors of the present day, are of the late most ardent opponents of that law now very hardly less dangerous to the confederation and indepen-plainly discover-and for wool and woollen goods we dence of this country, than were those of another party ought soon to be as independent of Europe and the rest which, in 1814, denied the right of the United States to of the world, as we are for cotton and many of its manurequire the services of the militia of the several states, to factures, large quantities of which goods are now exrepel invasions of our soil! Lite, without the means of ported by us. living, is a worthless gift. A reconquest of our country A QUESTION TO "STATE-RIGHTS" FOLKS. If Cuba by Great Britain, would not be a great deal worse than to were to pass, (as it has been oftentimes feared that it would) cause the profits of our labor to centre in the British into the dominion of Great Britain, and of which we exchequer, by breaking up our manufactories, as the could not dispossess her-would the advocates of "statestate-rights-folks themselves would do-if they could.rights" rather permit a cutting of the United States into It would make no difference to the people where the king two parts, by the position of that island, than find constitu might live, or by whom their pursuit of happiness was ob- tional law, to make a canal through Florida, by which structed. But the majority shall rule. The construction the strong power holding Cuba, to divide us, might be renof the constitution must not be with a small minority-dered nugatory and void? What would the agriculturalwhich, laboring not itself, is so reckless of benefit to the lists of the west and south-west, and the manufacturing laboring classes. The power, blessed be Gop for it, we and commercial people of the middle and eastern districts reverentially yet triumphantly say, is in the hands of those who labor, and they will maintain their rights. A fair, honest, open war against the productive industry of the free people of the United States, would last about as long as one might count ten. of the union, say in this case and in the contingency stated? And who would oppose a proceeding so necessary to the "general welfare," if not even to a preservation of the confederacy, in keeping its parts linked together? We should like to hear "argument" on this proposition, provided that no single essay shall fill more than twenty of the heavy columns of the "Richmond Enquirer." EXPORTS. We have already noticed the export of Prussia and Great Britain! In reference to this, the "Baltimore Gazette" says Another singular fact has come to our knowledge. Some of the celebrated carding making machines invented by Mr. Whittemore, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, were sent to England and France, with most explicit directions about putting them up, with drawings, &c. No mechanic could be found in either country who could put them together, and they were obliged to send to Boston for a man to go out and put them up. The "Pittsburg Gazette," speaks of certain quotations from the "Register" into the Pittsburg "Mercury" as being "disingenuous." Indeed, a writer in the last named paper on the wool bill, has quoted us careless-home-made machinery for the manufacture of cloth in ly or ungenerously, and, among other things, seemingly put forward Mr. Cambreleng's statements as our's. That gentleman is a member of congress-we are humble mechanics; but we have "had the honor to differ" with him in opinion on almost every subject of politics or political economy, and never placed faith in his prophecies or much valued his statenients concerning the present tariff, or the proposed alteration of it in favor of the wool growers and wool manufacturers. This is our misfortune; and we made it known on publishing his article which has been quoted as if expressing our sentiments. We pre- The Baltimore Chronicle," further tells us that Mr. tend not to any particular authority, but are desirous Richardson, mill-wright of this city, is constructing the that our opinions should be fairly stated, that they may works for a steam flour milí, to run four pairs of stones, pass for what they are worth; and the merit of consisten-under orders from the government of the Netherlands. cy should, at least, be our's. We have had but one opinion as to the protection of domestic industry from GLASS MANUFACTORIES. There are three of these in the days of our youth, and have thought that that degree the immediate neighborhood of the city of New York, of public patronage which was given to navigation and commerce at the very start of this government, should be given and extended to every other branch of business carried on by the productive classes, who are the wealth, the strength and the shield of their country. On this matter we never have wavered-we never shall. We would mete to all nations as they mete unto us. And while Great Britain, for example, will not receive our bread stuffs, we would not receive even buttons from her, though compelled to fasten our clothes with strings. all on a very extensive scale. One of them employs more than one hundred workmen. The value produced in these establishments is not stated, but glass of almost every desirable quality is made at them, and ornamented in the best and most approved manner. Stained glass is made in great perfection. NAVAL. The U. S. sloop of war Lexington, captain Booth, recently sailed for the Mediterranean. All the vessels on that station are to be speedily relieved. The Java, capt. Crane, will supply the place of the North Carolina, com. Rodgers. On account of the quotations from or references to the REGISTER above alluded to, and because of the conduct and proceedings of some of our old friends and old fellow Jaborers in Pennsylvania concerning the wool bill, et *A letter just received from a kind friend in one of the cetera, we have prepared an essay of considerable length most flourishing cotton-growing districts in South Caroon the subject-which it was not convenient to insert this lina, who had, at different times, procured us several subweek, and may be further postponed, in expectation of obscribers, says "I am fully persuaded that your, [former] taining the knowledge of additional facts that may have subscribers in the south will soon generally return. a bearing upon it. We feel ourselves seriously called Some have returned, because of the advantages felt by upon to defend our old principles against the war in them in the home market for cotton." VOL. XXXH No. 14. ELECTIONS AND ELECTIONEERING. The political discussions in Virginia are very animated, and, as usual, vasily long. Meetings of ten or twenty freeholders put forth declarations occupying twice the space of that which set forth the reasons why the United States ought to be "free sovereign and independent." There is much of a spirit of opposition to Mr. Adams, but no great shew of at-mercial monopoly exists no longer, and thousands of our tachment to gen. Jackson, though both have many and powerful friends. Either party have cause to regret that the presidential question has been agitated at such an early period, and especially for the probability that it will be discussed with exceeding bitterness, and severe impeachments of motives. Mr. Baylies, of Massachusetts, the only member of the delegation in congress who voted against our present president, as before stated, declined a poll for re-elcetion. Several new candidates were started, and two trials were had without making a choice. Mr. Baylies was then again brought forward, and has received about one-sixth of the votes given-Mr. Hodges being elected by about two for one over all others. state of this country, without more than apprehension and alarm. Twelve years of peace, and what is the situation of Great Britain? We have a ministry without a head! Its members, the antipodes of each other in principle, and equally devoid of confidence. The shipping interest, the cradle of our navy, is half ruined our commanufacturers are starving, or seeking hope and redemption in distant lands. We have a debt of near 800 millions!-an incubus that rides the country like a nightmare. Taxation to meet the interest of this debt and our public establishments, swamp near 60 millions annually! England is flooded with pauperism, and Ireland in all but open revolt. Last year's revenue was deficient two millions, and no sensible improvement has since occur red. Such is the domestic state of this empire. Do not hostilities in western Europe hang on a hair? Does not Spain already front as in arms? And is not her gothie trumpet sounding from Badajos to Seville? We have closed the western Indies against America from fecungs of commercial rivalry. Its active seamen have already The Boston Courier says, that there is no opposition in engrossed an important branch of our carrying trade with that city to be encountered by the administration of the the eastern Indies. Then comes an embargo and a nongovernment. As illustrative of the truth of this state-intercourse act, from which America would now have ment, it says, "on all the five tickets [thirty names on less to fear than formerly, for she is no longer dependent each for representatives, as we have been informed, on Britain for the supply of her domestic wants. In a few there were only THREE names supposed to be opposed to years they will entirely supersede Brtish productions, with the national administration." the exception perhaps of silk, and the finer cotton fabrics. Even now they interfere materially with our manufac tures in Upper Canada, and South America. They have even reached the Mediterranean, to one point of which, within a few months, 1500 bales of American cotton goods were shipped from Boston. A second attempt has been made to elect representatives for Boston, and failed. Four tickets were run as before -1,883 votes were necessary to a choice. The tickets were supported as follows-1,729, 1,311, 593 and 307. Another trial to choose a member to represent. Mr. Lathrop's late district in Massachusetts, has been had, and Mr. Bates has been elected by a large majority. Peace or war, our commerce, and manufacturing monopoly are no more! Already multitudes of our best workmen have emigrated, bearing their arts and industry to ROBBERY. The treasury of Ohio, (at Columbus,) other shores. They swarm through the northern states was robbed of its contents on the night of the 7th inst. of America. Her starred flag is now conspicuous on eveamounting to about $15,000. One of the robbers (Wm.ry sea, and will soon defy our thunder. Her fisheries H. Price) has been detected, and about 12,000 dollars of were formerly the nursery of our seamen. Those of the money recovered, and two other persons suspected New Foundland and Labrador are almost exclusively enare in custody. It is expected, the Columbus papers say, grossed by the Americans. They send annually more that the whole of the money will be recovered in a short than 4000 vessels to these shores, and employ 50,000 seamen in the trade. They are nursed amid the fog and tempests on those inhospitable shores, familiar with every rock and quicksand in that difficult navigation, impenetrable to cold and insensible to hardships." time. - KEESVILLE, N. Y. Cottou factories are not built at this village, as stated, but are intended to be-and the population is 650, instead of 1500 souls, as we said on the Let England then look well to herself, and tremble for authority of a newspaper published near the place. the fate of Ireland! That island is now a sleeping volThere is a rolling mill, forge, nail factory, woollen fac-cano, the first eruption of which may be terrible. Should tory, and grist mill, various other machinery in operation, an American fleet ride the channel, bayonets and ball extensive carriage makers shop, and all, however, the cartridges will not keep down the Irish people. Differ growth of five or six years. Our letter adds, that ent legislation must then be tried. The safety of Eng300,000 pieces of "market boards" are made there and land may be compromised, and the justice now denied sent to New York through the Champlain canal. will then be rendered from fear. Such a sway is never secure or permanent; its apprehensions are continually awake. Never was there a period when the efforts of a wise and well constituted ministry were more necessary." ALTERED LANGUAGE AND MANNERS. A little while since, whatever was American was laughed at by all loyal Englishmen, except our cotton and our money, and a few other things which they found it profitable to honor us by accepting in exchange for their calicoes and other buckram articles. Our navy was composed of a few "fir built frigates, with hits of striped bunting at their mast heads"-Ross and Packenham did not care if it “rained militia;" and "brother Jonathan" was in all respects treated as when "Yankee Doodle" was first played to him, in ridicule, as a "nation fine" composition. The joke took well; "Jonathan" played it at Saratoga and Yorktown, and was so hugely pleased with it that he has often played it since and will play it still. It is heard at his "milit a" musters and on board his ships, and the ponderous hammers of his forges, with the lively spindles and looms of his workshops, all go to that tune; so "John Bull," who made it, begins not to like it; and his jokes are turned into melancholy groans. "Alas poor York-where now are thy gibes and jests that were wont to set the table in a roar?” The London Sunday Times, in speaking of the situation of Great Britain says; "It is not our habit to sound the tocsin on light occassions but we conceive it impossible to view the existing EMIGRATION FROM ENGLAND.' It has been raentioned on the authority of the English papers, that 10,000 settlers, all of them weavers, were to be sent out from Great Britain to Canada this year-6,000 are to come from Scotland, an equal number from Ireland, and 4,000 from England. Besides these, a large number of other emigrants is to be expected, as the law restricting the numher of passengers in vessels has ber repealed, and 18,000 persons in Scotland have petitioned to be sent to America. A greater number than usual may therefore be expected in this state, from Canada. We observe by the list of arrivals at Quebee, that from the 1st to the 3d inst. five vessels arrived with 1115 emigrants, almost all from Ireland. [N. Y. Daily Adv. United States, and enable us to make handsome additions [The weavers will pretty soon find their way into the to the value of our manufactures exported; which is already as large as that of our flour or tobacco, and will soon, in all probability, be equal to the value of both.] *Not so many, by a great number; but still very ma→ ny.-ED. REG. |