respective parties shall be submitted to it, and shall make rules regulating the proceedings under which that controversy shall be heard.

8. The tribunal as first constituted, for the determination of a controversy, may establish general Rules for practice and proceeding before all tribunals assembled for the hearing of any controversy submitted under the provisions of these articles, which rules may from time to time be amended or changed by any subsequent tribunal; and all such rules shall immediately, upon their adoption, be notified to the various signatory powers.

SIXTH.-If any of the parties to this treaty shall begin Hostilities against another party without having first exhausted the means of reconciliation herein provided for, or shall fail to comply with the decisions of the Tribunal of Arbitration, within one month after receiving notice of the decision, the chief executive of every other nation, party hereto, shall issue a proclamation declaring (such) hostilities or failure, to be an infraction of this treaty, and at the end of thirty days thereafter, the ports of the nations from which the proclamation proceeds shall be closed against the offending or defaulting nation, except upon condition that all vessels and goods coming from or belonging to any of its citizens shall, as a condition, be subjected to double the duties to which they would otherwise have been subjected. But the exclusion may be at any time revoked by another proclamation of like authority, issued at the request of the offending nation declaring its readiness to comply with this treaty in its letter and spirit.

SEVENTH.-A Conference of representatives of the nations, parties to this treaty, shall be held every alternate year, beginning on the first of January, at the capital of each in rotation, and in the order of the signatures to this treaty, for the purpose of discussing the provisions of the treaty, and desired amendments thereof, averting war, facilitating intercourse, and preserving

peace.

fixés et des règles seront établies pour déterminer la procédure à suivre.

h. Le Tribunal constitué le premier pour juger un litige peut établir des règles générales de procédure pour tous les Tribunaux appelés à arbitrer des différends en conformité des dispositions ci-dessus. Ces règles peuvent être modifiées ou changées en tout temps par des tribunaux subséquents; elles doivent être notifiées aux pouvoirs signataires aussitôt après leur adoption.

6o Si l'une des parties signataires du présent traité entamait des hostilités contre une autre partie avant d'avoir essayé des moyens de réconciliation prévus dans ce traité, ou si elle refuse de se soumettre aux décisions du Tribunal d'arbitrage dans le délai d'un mois après que ces décisions lui ont été notifiées, le pouvoir exécutif de chacune des autres nations en cause lancera une proclamation déclarant que les hostilités ou le refus constitue une infraction au traité, et à l'expiration du 30 jour après cette proclamation, les ports de la nation de laquelle provient la proclamation seront fermés à la nation agressive ou réfractaire, en ce sens que tous les vaisseaux et toutes les marchandises en provenance ou à destination des citoyens de cette dernière nation seront frappés d'un droit double de celui auquel ils auraient été soumis sans cela. Toutefois cette exclusion peut en tout temps être révoquée par une autre proclamation de la même autorité, faite à la requête de la nation agressive se déclarant prête à se soumettre au traité dans sa lettre et dans son esprit.

7o Une conférence de représentants des nations signataires du présent traité se tiendra tous les deux ans ; elle s'ouvrira le 1er janvier alternativement dans la capitale de chacune de ces nations en suivant l'ordre des signatures, en vue de discuter les mesures d'application du traité et les amendements au traité qui peuvent être proposés, de prévenir les guerres, de faciliter les relations et de sauvegarder la paix.

MEMORIAL OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

Adopted in the City of Albany, 22nd January, 1896.

To the President :

The Petition of the Bar Association of the State of New York respectfully shows:

That, impelled by a sense of duty to the state and nation and a purpose to serve the cause of humanity everywhere, your Petitioner at its annual session held in the city of Albany on the 22nd day of January, 1896, appointed a committee to consider the subject of International Arbitration and to devise and submit to it a plan for the organisation of a tribunal to which may hereafter be submitted controverted international questions between the Governments of Great Britain and the United States.

That said committee entered upon the performance of its duty at once, and, after long and careful deliberation, reached the conclusion that it is impracticable, if not impossible, to form a satisfactory Anglo-American Tribunal, for the adjustment of grave international controversies, that shall be composed only of representatives of the two Governments of Great Britain and the United States.

That, in order that the subject might receive more mature and careful consideration, the matter was referred to a sub-committee, by whom an extended report was made to the full committee. This report was adopted as the report of the full committee, and, at a Special Meeting of the State Bar Association called to consider the matter, and held at the State Capitol in the city of

Albany on the 16th day of April, 1896, the action of the committee was affirmed and the plan submitted fully endorsed. As the report referred to contains the argument in brief, both in support of the contention that it is impracticable to organise a court composed only of representatives of the Governments of Great Britain and the United States, and in support of the plan outlined in it, a copy of the report is hereto appended, and your Petitioner asks that it be made and considered a part of this Petition.

That your Petitioner cordially endorses the principle of Arbitration for the settlement of all controversies between civilised nations, and it believes that it is quite within the possibility of the educated intellects of the leading Powers of the world to agree upon a plan for a great central World's Court that, by the common consent of nations, shall eventually have jurisdiction of all disputes arising between Independent Powers that cannot be adjusted by friendly diplomatic negotiations. Holding tenaciously to this opinion and, conscious that there must be a first step in every good work, else there will never be a second, your Petitioner respectfully but earnestly urges your early consideration of the subject that ultimately—at least during the early years of the coming century-the honest purpose of good men of every nation may be realised in devising means for the peaceful solution of menacing disputes between civilised nations. Your Petitioner therefore submits to you the following recommendations:

FIRST.-The establishment of a permanent International Tribunal, to be known as "The International Court of Arbitration."

SECOND.--Such Court shall be composed of nine members, one each from nine independent states or nations, such representative to be a member of the Supreme or Highest Court of the nation he shall represent, chosen by a majority vote of his associates, because

of his high character as a publicist and judge, and his recognised ability and irreproachable integrity. Each judge thus selected to hold office during life or the will of the Court selecting him.

THIRD.-The Court thus constituted shall make its own rules of procedure, shall have power to fix its place of sessions and to change the same from time to time as circumstances and the convenience of litigants may suggest, and to appoint such clerks and attendants as the Court may require.

FOURTH.-Controverted questions arising between any two or more Independent Powers, whether represented in said "International Court of Arbitration" or not, at the option of said Powers, may be submitted by treaty between said Powers to said Court, providing only that said treaty shall contain a stipulation to the effect that all parties thereto shall respect and abide by the rules and regulations of said Court, and conform to whatever determination it shall make of said controversy.

FIFTH.-Said Court shall be opened at all times for the filing of cases and counter cases under treaty stipulations by any nation, whether represented in the Court or not, and such orderly proceedings in the interim between sessions of the Court, in preparation for argument, and submission of the controversy, as may seem necessary, to be taken as the rules of the Court provide for and may be agreed upon between the litigants.

SIXTH.-Independent Powers not represented in said Court, but which may have become parties litigant in a controversy before it, and, by treaty stipulation, have agreed to submit to its adjudication, shall comply with the rules of the Court and shall contribute such stipulated amount to its expenses as may be provided for by its rules, or determined by the Court.

SEVENTH.-Your Petitioner also recommends that you enter at