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Lawler wheat was not hurt. The next year I sowed seventy-five of the mountain white wheat, and now find the latter very much bushels of it, and one hundred and ninety-five of other kinds, injured by the fly, and the Lawler not at all injured; and although (making 270 bushels.) I made more from the Lawler wheat than the land which was fallowed is much richer than the corn laud, it all the rest. The third year I sowed of it nearly my whole crop, will not make as much per acre from the present appearance. which in respect both to quantity and quality was the best I ever Last year I had four kinds of wheat in the same field, and now I made from the same number of acres. The last fall I sowed nine-find no volunteer wheat, only where the Lawler wheat was sown, ty bashels of the bearded, and three hundred and seventy-one of and believe that the fly took the whole of the other volunteer wheat the Lawler wheat, and I think there is no part of the Lawler wheat last fall, and did not touch the Lawi. of ninety bushels seeding, which will not, if present appearances are realized, produce three fold more than the bearded.

May 31. 1817.

JOHN HAMPTON.

I, Joseph Ball, of Fauquier county, hereby certify, that in 1816, The product of the Lawler wheat in flour, is as great I think as I ploughed in, in the month of August, my stubble, a part of which any other of the white wheats, and the quality as excellent as any was of the Lawler wheat and a part of the purple straw, with an I have seen. There were ground at my mill last season upwards intention to sow it again in wheat; that the wheat which came of five thousand bushels of it, to a good profit, after giving a bar-up in the purple straw stubble was destroyed by the Hessian fly, rel more of superfine flour for each one hundred bushels, than is but that which came up from the Lawler wheat stubble was not JOHN LOVE. injured. Both these kind of wheat came up about the last of August customary for red wheat. In 1812 or 1813, I obtained one bushel and three pecks of the or first of September; from this circumstance, and the general es Lawler wheat, sowed it late, and although apparently injured by perience I have had in the cultivation of the Lawler wheat, I am the rust, made twenty one and one half bushels of merchantable convinced it may be sowed at an earlier period, without risk from JOSEPH BALL wheat; my crop that year was materially injured by the fly, except the fly. I have made one crop of the Lawler wheat which was of exthe above smali quantity. Last year commenced sowing about the 15th of September, that is now the most promising part of my cellent quality; but I thought the yield was not quite so great as crop, and appears to be entirely exempt from the fly; and although that of some other wheat. The Hessian fly did not injure it in the I have found occasionally a fly in the wheat, on strict examination slightest degree. My present erop is chiefly of the Lawler whest, I am left to doubt, whether it is confined entirely to the mixture and very slightly injured by the fly, as there can only here and there which is generally found in the wheat; neither has it ever been be found an affected bunch after the strictest search, and my other injured since by the rust. Numerous instances and experiments wheat, the mountain white and the Baltimore bearded, is so injured made by different persons near me, in several years past, are such as not to leave room to expect any thing like a half erop. I am of as constrain me to believe that the Lawler wheat is providentially opinion that the Lawler wheat will bear sowing early in September, from some cause, almost if not entirely exempt from the ravages without danger of material injury from the fly. I will add, that my of the Hessian fly; I have sowed last fall about four hundred seed wheat was a little mixt, and the quantity of fly-injured is not, bushels of the Lawler kind, and twenty of the bearded; I think II think, greater than the mixture of other wheat. ISAAC FOSTER. shall not make more than a third of a crop from the bearded wheat, owing to the depredations of the fly, and calculate on a loss of two hundred bushels, from having seeded the twenty of bearded, instead of Lawler, as the ground is of good quality.

THOMAS HUNTON.

May 28, 1817.

I obtained from my neighbor, James Lawler, in the fall of 181, a half bushel of wheat, which he brought the seed of from Chester county, Pa. on account of its resisting the Hessian fly. I sowed it Having sustained, in common with my neighbors, almost the in November, and raised seven and a halt bushels, which I sowed in entire loss of my growing crop of wheat from the ravages of the 1812, and raised one hundred and ten, and have since continued to fly, I was induced to visit the neighborhoods of Haymarket and sow said wheat; my crops last year and this are entirely of that Backland, for the purpose of examining the fly-proof wheat, known kind; I would so no other, being satisfactorily convinced, from in these parts of the country by the name of Lawler wheat, and experiment and observation, that the fly would not affect it.' I be cultivated this year in considerable quantity, by Messrs. John lieve said wheat is of superior quality to any raised in this neigh Love, Griffin Stith, Wm. and Thos. Hunton, and others; I was borhood for some years; as a proof. Mr. Love gave me for my last fully satisfied, upon viewing the respective farms of these gentle crop a barrel of flour, in the hundred bushels, more than for other men, that this wheat is entitled to the character of fly-proof, the wheat, and told me notwithstanding his profits were more than they fields of each of them exhibiting the most abundant crops of were in the red wheat; also, I lately sent nine bushels and three wheat I have ever seen, below the Bullrun mountain, and unless pecks by measure, weighing at the mill ten bushels and twenty-six some future disaster shall befal them, will probably yield an ave- pounds, had it ground for family use, from which I got, after the rage of from fifteen to twenty bushels per acre; it is proper to re-common toll (the tenth) was taken, four hundred and fifty-four mark that on each of the farms of the above gentlemen, except pounds excellent flour. Said wheat has not been injured since I Wm. Hunton, I found several of the other kinds of wheat, usu- raised it by any disaster, except the second crop injured a little by ally cultivated in Virginia-such as the golden bearded, purple rust, as was my crop of other wheat the same year. straw, and white wheat, growing on some farms in the same field with the fly-proof or Lawler wheat; on others a fence or road only separating them, and in every instance the fly had injured the for mer very materially; while the latter or fly-proof was left unhurt; 1 have therfore no hesitation in recommending this wheat to the attention of every farmer in Virginia, to be sowed in preference of any other; for myself, I am fully convinced, under present cir cumstances, of the futility of sowing any other kind known among us in this state.

GERRARD ALEXANDER, Sen.

I

I, Owen Thomas, do hereby cortify, that in Dec. 1811, I was in Chester county, Pennsylvania, on a visit to my friends, where I uuderstood that the Jones's white wheat was cultivated, and was told that since the introduction of that wheat there, they had not experienced any injury from the Hessian fly. I intended to have brought some of it to Virginia, but by different occurrences was prevented; after my return I found Mr. James Lawler, of the same county lived in, had brought a small parcel in from the saine place, and had seeded it; I got seed of that, and have sowed it for four years my past; it has never been injured by the fly. I sowed a part of crop of Lawler wheat last fall in the first week in September; it is How the best wheat I have, in proportion to the quality of the land, and has not been at all injured by the fly: a part of my crop last year was injured by the rust, and I am satisfied it was owing to a particular cause, as some of it was not injured; and I do not believe that the Lawler wheat is more subject to rust than other kinds; I OWEN THOMAS. have sowed last fall my whole crop of it.

WM. HUNTON. Buckland, Kinsley Mills, May 26. Having been, during the last and present year, principal miller in Mr. Love's mills, called Kinsley, I hereby certily, that I have ground, during the past season, upwards of five thousand bushels of the Lawler wheat, and for the portion of it ground for others, have given at the rate of 21 barrels of superfine flour for each 100 bushels: and I am satisfied a better profit has been made on that than the average of red wheat, ground at the rate of 20 barrels of superfine flour to the 100 bushels, and that it will yield as much flour as any other white wheat I have ever ground; it having been mixed with red wheat as it came into the mill, I cannot state what was the product of the whole, but I think it has exceeded 196 lbs. of Bour for four bushels 20 lbs. of wheat. Mr. William Hunton lately brought ter bushels and twenty-six pounds, it was prepared for family use, and particularly well cleaned, not necessary to be screened or fanned I ground it after taking toll, a tenth, and what remained produced two barrels of 196 lbs. each, and 62 lbs. of superfine flour. WM. FLORENCE.

Mr. Love having stated, that he has had the mor tification to hear that reports have been circulated that he intended to demand an exorbitant price, or exchange, for his Lawler wheat: on his motion it

was

Resolved unanimously, as the opinion of this meet1, John Brown, of Fauquier county, do hereby certify, that on the 11th of September, 1813, I mixed three bushels of the Lawier wheating, thst it would be improper and might justly be with three of the purple straw, and sowed them together, and sowed deemed illiberal, in those who have been so favored, adjoining wholly of the Lawler; that the purple straw was almost

wholly destroyed by the fly, and the Lawler mixed with it unin- as to be possessed of a species of wheat satisfactojured by it, and made as heavy a erop as might have been expected rily shewn to resist the ravages of the fly, to refrom the quantity of seed, but not near so heavy as the Lawler wheat adjoining it, which was unmixed with any other. I have continued quire of such of their less fortunate fellow-citizens to sow of the Lawier kind, and have not had any of my crops of that as are desirous of obtaining seed, a price for it bekind injured by the fly. I ground a part of my crop at Mr. Love's yond an equal exchange, and a fair compensation in mill last season, and got twenty-one barrels of flour to the hundred bushels, and flour of excellent quality. I found among the Lawler addition, for the risk and trouble of getting out wheat some heads of red chaff wheat, the grain of a deep red; I their crops in the summer season; and that from picked out in the fall of 1814 a pint of that wheat, and sowed it by itself-the Hessian fly depredated on that and entirely destroyed it.

JOHN BROWN.

I commenced sowing the Lawler wheat in 1813, and have continued to cultivate it ever since, sowing generally several kinds, and have found it always to resist the fly, and not more subject to other disasters than the other wheat, but it is about a week later. Finding the Lawler wheat foul with cockle and cheat, (the cause of which I know not) I bad determined not to sow any last fall, but at length concluded to sow forty bashefs in my earn land, and sowed my

fallow

these considerations the price required by any
member of this meeting shall not exceed the value
(when a price is agreed on, or exchange, when ex-
change is made) of one bushel and an half of com-
mon wheat for one of Lawler wheat.

MARTIN MADDUX, Sec'ry.
WM. S. MOONEY, Clerk.

Foreign Articles.

ENGLAND, &c.

We have London dates of May 1. The distresses of the people still occupies the papers. The princess of Wales was expected at Paris.

London May 1.-We received yesterday the Paris papers of Sunday last. The following from one of them dated Madrid the 14th ult. serves to shew the impression upon the continent as to the negociations between this country and Spain, with relation to Spanish America:Our department for foreign affairs has been for some time much occupied. Important negociations with England are publicly talked of, and an arrangement is spoken of with our insurgent colonies, through the mediation of that power. It is also said that negocia tions are on foot respecting the Floridas, and that we are to cede those countries to the United States, on receiving a suitable indemnity."

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for St. Ander, the capital of the province, being joined by 7 or 800 of the militia of the country. Strength to the arm that strikes for freedom. May complete success attend him, while he wars against SOUTH AMERICA, &C.

Ferdinand and his monks.

We have a report that Monte Video and Rio

Grande have been taken by a Buenos Ayrean army. Accounts from Bahia (Brazil) say-"A native priest had been detected and executed as a spy and emissary, a few days after being landed in the night, near that place, from a vessel dispatched letters to individuals in that provice were taken, by the government of Pernambuco.-Numerous but being directed in cypher, and the priest refus last words were, "I die for liberty, my country and ing to name them, the secret died with him-his her Independence."

If such a spirit is abroad, the king of Portugal cannot lay it. Will the "holy alliancers" help him? They appear perfectly indifferent as to the fate of the colonies claimed by Ferdinand, and, indeed, seem rather to wish them emancipation than other. wise.

Some troops were to sail for Rio Janeiro from

Pernambuco on the 17th of April, to suppress the rebellion." They were only about 2000 in num

ber.

Our last accounts from the Brazils speak of disaffection at the capital, Rio Janeiro, where it was also understoood that the blockading squadron "gave very little trouble" to the people of PernambuCO The provisional government of this new republic is composed of men of talents.

From the Oronoko.-By a vessel arrived at Salem

Arrests are so numerous in most parts that the prisons and castles can no longer hold the loving-That on the 10th of March, the royalists, about subjects of the "adored" Ferdinand. Would that he were the tenant of the deepest dungeon he has Don Antonio, the uncle of Ferdinand, died about the 22d of April last.

ITALY.

This country abounds with robbers and assassins. Picquets are placed along the great roads for the protection of travellers, to little purpose. Pesti lence and almost famine prevail at Milan and the parts adjacent-373 persons died in one street in 24 hours. The disease is called febra apopheticha, considered highly contagious, and said to have had its origin in the bad living of the poor.

2000 strong, under Morales, who had proceeded from Angostura, to attack the patriots at a place called the Missions, 100 miles below Angostura, were totally defeated and cut to pieces, only six men escaped, including Morales, and 2 other offcers. All who were not killed on the field of battle were afterwards shot, and among them, Sheruty, formerly governor of Angostura.

After the battle, the patriots under gen. Piar, approached Angostura, where they threw up a breast work, upon which the guns of the fort could not be brought to bear, and immediately commenced firing upon the town within half musket shot, and the firing had been continued day and night. They had It was reported at Paris that the Nain Jaune, and made several attacks upon the place, but without the Liberal, two newspapers, had become objects great loss on either side. One of the officers had of jealousy to the alfied powers, who had request-gone for cannon, more effectually to attack the ed that they might be suppressed!

NETHERLANDS.

PORTUGAL.

works.

The patriots had completely surrounded the We have a renewed report of a misunderstand-place and the inhabitants and garrison were reducing between Portugal and Spain. It is said thated to the most wretched and pitiable condition for great warlike preparations for defence are making want of povisions. Great numbers had actually by the regency of the former. The king seems in died of starvation. Horses, mules, jackasses, dogs, a bad way-rebelled against in the country he ho- &c. had been consumed, and the governor himself nored by making a kingdom of, and threatened in had actually paid 3 dollars for a Cat! his old possessions by his dear son in law, Ferdi

rand.

FLORIDA.

A great number of the inhabitants had left Angostura and fifteen hundred, principally women and children, in the most pitiable condition, sailed The governor of Pensacola has not yet permitted the same day the vessel left, in Spanish vessels. the provisions destined for the U. S. troops in the The men were not allowed to depart. Our ininterior, to pass. He received 10 per cent. from formant thinks it impossible that the place could the contractors for permission to land them, and have held out more than two or three days after demands.3 per cent. more as an export duty. he left, unless relieved in some unexpected manner. Guayana was still in possession of the royalists Gen. Mina, with a supposed force of about 1000-it was strongly fortified, and no probability of its men, landed at Soto la Marine, in Mexico, 35 being taken except by starvation. leagues north of Tampico, on the 22nd April-from

MEXICO.

Fitzgerald, the governor of Angostura, who had whence he is said immediately to have marched 'been arrested and sent to Carracas, on suspicion of

treachery, had been ordered back, and was still in tee of the legislature "that the state treasury is command of the place. The most sanguinary mea-entiely out of debt, and has a permanent fund of sures were adopted at Angostura in regard to sus-nearly four hundred thousand dollars, besides their pected persons. Eight men were shot at one time great "school fund," the capital of which is ONE about the first of May, on suspicion of being friendly MILLION FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS-and the to the revolutionary cause. committee add, that on a full examination, they find that the accounts of the state are kept in a correct and perspicuous manner.”

The forces of the patriots were estimated at from four to six thousand men, all mounted, and they had complete possession of the surrounding country.

The Tiger, of Salem, was the only American vessel at Angostura; she carried out a small quantity of provisions, which were immediately taken possession of by the government.

The city is now reported as having surrendered to the patriots.

[Angostura, is a city in South-America, nearly 400 miles up the river Oronoko. It is the only port of entry on the river. It stands on a high point of land, and commands a beautiful and extensive prospect of the river and country. The place contains about 1000 houses, built of stone.

CHRONICLE.

Morse's Gaz.

The Canal Carindole has been completed at New Orleans. It was ascended by a large topsail schooner on the 19th ult. It is spoken of as a very useful work. This canal opens an immediate navigation with the lakes.

NAVAL. Washington City, June 23. In addition to the duty of directing the necessary surveys and examinations preparatory to the selection of a suitable site for a naval depot and dock yard on our northern coast, we learn that the commissioners of the navy are also charged with the general survey of our coast, and that they have issued orders to the officers employed on both those services.

With a view to the instruction of our young officers, the vessels employed in these surveys are to be wholly manned by them.

MILITARY. Col. M'Ree, of the engineers, and major Thayer, distinguished and accomplished offiIt appears that Mr. Bibb has not been appointed cers, have just returned to their country from Eugovernor of the Alabama territory, as was confident-rope, whither they went to perfect their science ly stated.

Jeremiah Mason, Esq. (fed.) of New Hampshire, has resigned his seat in the senate of the United States. He will be succeeded by a republican.

A drove of cattle has arrived at New-York from Chilicothe, in fine order! An ox, bred at Spring field, Mass. weighs on the hoof, 3,100 lbs. His length from the top of the nose to the root of the tail is 10 feet 7 inches; circumference 8 feet 9 inches.

The propriety and practicability of cutting a canal in New-Hampshire to connect the waters of lake Winnipisecgee with the Piscataqua, is discussing in the papers of that state.

A steam boat plying on the Delaware, between Philadelphia and Burlington, has run the distance (19 miles) between them, in 1 h. 40 m.

Indian warfare. The indians on the frontiers of Georgia have lately committed many depredationsstealing cattle, horses, &c. and sometimes murdering the people. A small party assembled at Clark's Mills, in Camden county, to pursue a body of them, who came up with the Indians, and killed three of them. The whole frontier is in a state of alarm; and this rencontre may lead to an open rupture.

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and enlarge their knowledge.

Kidnapping. Two men of respectable connections, lately convicted of kidnapping negroes in De laware, have been publicly whipped and cropped.There is no penitentiary in that state. Well as these men may have have deserved the severest punishment, we regret that they have thus been patented for villains the remainder of their days: but this vile business must be stopped, if possible.

Ship timber. The government of the U. States, has purchased of Richard Hartshorne, Esq. what is commonly called Sandy Hook, a very large and valuable peninsula, extending from the Portland Highlands to the sea, a distance of seven miles. On this large tract of land there is a considerable quantity of valuable cedar, which, in time, must become useful in ship building. The sum paid, we understand, was 20,000 dollars.N. Y. Gaz.

Fayetteville, N. C. June 17. New wheat was sold yesterday for two dollars per bushel.

WOODBINE-AGAIN.

Specie flows in abundantly. The British sloop of war Cherub, with $600,000 on board from Jamaica and Havana, stopped on Charleston on the 16th inst. to land 300,000-the rest is for England. A vessel has arrived at Baltimore from Jamaica, with 96,000 St. Stephens, Miss. Ter.) May 23.-Our readers -and many others with smaller sums at different will be able to judge when they read in this day's ports. paper, the late talk of the arch villain Woodbine to the Creek Indians, which has been the cause of the late murders committed on our unoffending citizens of the frontier, by the lower Creeks. The Talk alluded to, was handed us for publication by a gentleman of veracity from fort Jackson, who was called on by the Big Warrior to consult and return an answer. He informs us, that every word and deed of the Big Warrior, on this occasion, has Divine Providence has thus far fa- been that of a patriot and a true friend to the Unit vored us with the most delightful season for vege- ed States. It is not our wish to implicate the Britation that we have seen for several years. In oppo tish government in this business, but we would sition to all the reports about Hessian flies and cut only remark, that it would be well to watch more worms, all accounts agree in assuring us of the narrowly, the conduct of some of their agents, or prospect of the greatest crops of all sorts of grain rather that they select men for such important ever raised in the United States. The late wet wea-stations of more honesty and truth than col. Woodther has, however, caused some uneasiness.

The season

Sheep. A merino buck, at a place called Waterloo, in New-York, was sheared on the 23d ult. of a fleece weighing fourteen pounds.

Connecticut. It appears by a report of a commit. The captain receives a certain per tentum as freight-his own perquisite.

bine.

[Halcyon. Copy of a Talk sent from the British. agent in East Florida, to the Big Warrior, head chief of the Creek nation of Indians.

When the English made peace with the Americans, they included the whole of the Indian nations, viz. Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Chero

kee; those nations were guaranteed in the quiet me know who they are, and send me an answer as possession of their lands, and the Americans engag-soon as possible, to the present talk. ed to give up such lands of the Indians as they had taken possession of during the war.

OPONEY, his x mark. Written by order of the aforesaid Oponey, the 11th March, 1817.

A. ARBUTHNOTT.
Witness-ARON MORIS.

If they have not done so, or if they have been making further encroachments, the chiefs have only to represent their complaints and the aggressions of the Americans, to the governor of New-Provi- New-Orleans, May 7.-The following letter will dence, who will forward them to England, or get be read by the public with deep and serious attenthem conveyed to the British minister at Washing- tion.

toches to the commanding officer on that frontier, dated

ton, who has orders from the king of England to Extract of a letter from an indian agent at Natchisee that the rights of the nations above mentioned are protected, and the stipulations contained in the treaty, IN THEIR FAVOR, are faithfully carried into Indian agency, Natchitoches, March 25th, 1817. execution. The Americans have no wish to go to SIR-The enclosed exhibits the names, the numwar with Great Britain; they will not, therefore, do ber of warriors, and the geographical position of any thing contrary to the treaty, and what encroach- the several Indian tribes connected with this agency, ments have been made, must be without the know- taken from the best source of information I am able ledge of the chief of the American government: to obtain. Those marked thus are supposed to be and so soon as he is informed thereof by the Bri-under the influence of Tooling and the Caddo chief. tish minister at Washington, he will order the Ame- On his (the Caddo chief's) return from St. Antorican people who have taken possession of Indian nio, not long since, he delivered a speech to the lands, to DRAW BACK to their own possessions. Haines and Natchitoches to the following effect: The Indian nations are all one great family; they "You recollect when our old friend Tooling told possess lands their great forefathers handed down us not to permit the Americans and their Indians to them, and they ought to hand them down entire to come into this country, they would kill all our to THEIR children. If they sell their land, what do game. We were fools and did not believe him; they receive for it? Nothing that will last-it is now you see his words were true: the Americans wasted away in a few years. Whether, therefore, and their Indians have killed all our deer and bufthey sell or give it away, they are robbing their faloe, and it is difficult to get meat for our families: children of the inheritance they had a right to ex-I am just returned from St. Antonio, and my advice pect. As a great family they ought to live as such is, that you have your bous and arrows ready. with each other: let the four nations join in bonds "Our old father, the king of Spain, will soon be of brotherly love; let them smoke the pipe of peace; here and drive all the Americans to their own counlet the cultivation of their lands be their chief ob-try; and when any of their traders come among you, ject during the spring and summer, and hunting if you cannot get goods at your own prices, seize their diversion during winter; and the produce of and carry them to St. Antonio." their labor will be bought by good people, who Similar talks have been given on Red river, and will come and deal with them, when they know some of our traders have been mal-treated: their there is any thing to be purchased for goods or mo- licenses have been torn, and they were threatened to be driven out of the country: The Indians said it was Tooling's and the Caddo chief's orders to do so. I have also seen a letter signed Morphy, who is said to be the Spanish consul at New Orleans, to the chief of the Appaches, inviting him to Havana without a moment's delay.

ney.

If the Americans, or other nations, live near them, let them live in friendship with them, and keep up a good understanding; but on no account sell or give away any of their lands.

I recommend this as a friend of humanity and of good order.

A. ARBUTHNOTT."

Okolokne, March 11, 1817.

The simultaneous circumstances induce a belief. that the Spaniards are attempting to engage the attention of the Indians for some future operations in this quarter.

The head chiefs of the Upper Creek nation, have desired me, Oponey, to get the straight talk for Mr. Crowinshield, in his incomparable vessel, them; what is written in the foregoing, I believe to Cleopatra's barge, was at Madeira on the 1st of May be the true and straight talk, received from an Eng--from thence he was about to proceed to coast and lishman, who carried two deputies to New-Provi- visit the whole shores of the Mediterranean. dence, and has returned with them to Okolokne.

I Oponey, have been sent by you, the head chiefs of the Upper Creek nation, to see the Seminole Indians; I have done so; they live quietly and peaceably, and wish to do so with all their red Brethren in every part of the nation.

The report that Mr. Webster had sold the copyright of his spelling book to the Messrs Goodwins, of Hartford, (see page 240,) is not true.

Towns and villages jump up so suddenly in some parts of the United States that it is at times no easy matter to know where they are by their names. Opoy Hatcho has desired me to see those things; We have received the first number of a well lookI have done so, and see all quiet, and had the talking newspaper published at the "upper end of In

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I now send you, and shaken hands with the friend dependence street,” in Perrypolis, which we believe who gave it me. is in Pennsylvania, near Connelsville. It is not noted in any of our books as a town, or mentioned in the post office lists.

That the friend I have met came over with goods, by desire of the chiefs of the Lower-towns, and is a true friend to the Indians. The various and untrue talks that you send me from time to time, must be made by some person, an enemy to all us Red Brethren, and ought not to be listened to; let

*Alias, the notorious Woodbine,

Erie. Penn. June 7. A considerable quantity of plaister of paris has lately been brought across the lake to this place. It is said the quality is superior.

*This enclosure, for obvious reasons, it is deemed improper to publish at this moment.

No. 19 of VOL. XII.]

BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, JULY 5, 1817.

[WHOLE NO. 325.

Hac olim meminisse juvalit.--VIRGIL

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES. AT TAX HEAD OF CHEAPSIDE, AT $5 PER ANNUM. "POLITICAL ECONOMY, No. 3," is inserted in the fand its commerce with the West-Indies, are too present sheet. The subjects proposed to be no obvious to need enumeration. ticed will occupy two numbers more.

Secret Papers.

The editor is indebted for the following papers to the politeness of President ADAMS. They afford us some light to the history of our own times, and, on that account, as well to comply with the wishes of the venerated gentleman that they should be preserved in this work, are gladly inserted. At the date of these papers Mr. ADAMS was vice-president of the United States-and his opinion being required by President WASHINGTON goes to shew a state of things then existing, different, we believe, from what has been the practice since. In communicating these papers Mr. Adams says"Inclosed are four papers.-No. 1. A letter from President Washington, Aug. 27, 1790; No. 2. Ang ther letter on the same subject, on the same day, Aug. 27, 1790. No. 3. First rough draught of an answer, in my hand writing. 4. A copy of my an swer to the president, which was sent to him, dated August 29, 1790, and which, if it was not consumed in the Vandalion combustion of Washington, is probably now in being among the archives of the president.

"I have motives of private honour and public duty for wishing to preserve these papers in print. Your. repository is the best: and if you will insert them you may. But, whether you print them or not, pray you to return them to me, as I find it is necessary for me to preserve voucHERS."

(No I.)

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NEW-YORK, August 27th, 1790. SIR-Being very desirous of obtaining such aids and information as will enable me to form a just opi nion upon the subject of the enclosed paper, in case the events therein mentioned should take place; I have taken the liberty to submit it to you for your consideration, requesting that you will favor me with an opinion thereon.

With very great esteem and regard, I am, sir, your most obedient humble servant,

Mr. ADAMS.

(SECRET.)

GEO. WASHINGTON.

(No. II.)

UNITED STATES, August 27, 1790. Provided the dispute between Great Britain and Spain should come to the decision of arms, from a variety of circumstances (individually unimportant and inclusive, but very much the reverse when compared and combined) there is no doubt in my mind, that New-Orleans and the Spanish posts above it, on the Mississippi, will be among the first attempts of the former, and that the reduction of them will be undertaken by a combined operation from Detroit.

The consequences of having so formidable and enterprising a people as the British on both our flanks and rear, with their navy in front, as they respect our western settlements, which may be seduced thereby, as they regard the security of the union VOL XIL

T

What then should be the answer of the executive of the United States to lord Dorchester, in case he should apply for permission to march troops through the territory of the said states from Detroit to the Mississippi?

What notice ought to be taken of the measure, if it should be undertaken without leave, which is the most probable proceeding of the two?

Mr. Adams will oblige the President of the United States by giving his opinion in writing on the above statement.

Mr. ADAMS.

GEO. WASHINGTON.

(No. III.)

Omitted-being the rough draft of No. IV. (No IV.)

NEW-YORK, August 29, 1790. SIR-That New-Orleans, and the Spanish posts on the Mississippi, will be among the first attempts of the English, in case of a war with Spain, apPears very probable: and that a combined operation from Detroit, would be convenient to that end cannot be doubted. The consequences, on the western settlements, on the commerce with the West-Indies, and on the general security and tranquility of the American confederation, of having them in our rear,

and on both our flanks, with their navy in front, are obvious. The interest of the United States duly weighed, and their duty conscientiously considered, point out to them, in the case of such a war, a neutrality as long as it may be practicable. The people of these states would not willingly support a war, and the present government has not strength to command, nor enough of the general confidence of the nation to draw the men or money necessary until the grounds, causes and necessity of it should become generally known and universally approved. A pacific character, in opposition to a warlike temper, a spirit of conquest or a disposition to military enterprise, is of great importance to us to preserve in Europe: and therefore we should not engage even in a defensive war, until the necessity of it should become apparent, or at least, till we have it in our power to make it manifest in Europe, as well as at home.

In order to preserve an honest neutrality, or even the reputation of a disposition to it, the United States must avoid as much as possible, every real wrong, and even every appearance of injury to either party. To grant to lord Dorchester, in case he should request it, permission to march troops through the territory of the United States, from Detroit to the Mississippi, would not only have an appearance offensive to the Spaniards, of partiality to the English, but would be a real injury to Spain.. The answer, therefore, to his lordship should be a refusal, in terms clear and decided, but guarded and dignified; in a manner, which no power has more at command than the President of the United States. If a measure so daring, offensive and bostile, as the march of troops through our territory to attack a friend, should be hazarded by the English, without leave, or especially after a refusal, it

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