wards Protestant doctrines. The inference relied on by De Castro and others, that if he had remained Catholic he must have shared his father's extravagant bigotry, is lame. Don Carlos did no more than follow the usual course of heirs apparent when he disapproved of his father's tyranny; and his sympathies with Aragon are not less marked than those with Flanders. A WORK to create some surprise, coming over is necessarily much the same as in M'Crie's from Spain, is the Persecution of the Spanish History of the Reformation in Spain, a work Protestants by Philip the Second, by Don which possibly suggested the undertaking, and ADOLPHO DE CASTRO. The name of Castro is to which De Castro gives due credit for learnhonorably distinguished in Spanish literature. ing and ability. His advantage over the ScotThe present author is a grandson, we believe, tish historian consists in his command of a vaof Rodriguez de Castro, who wrote the Biblio- riety of documents in print and in manuscript, teca Española. He displays abilities and a to which access could be had only in Spain, temper suitable for the task he attempted; he especially the publications of the Spanish rehas joined to careful and intelligent research formers themselves, which are exceedingly rare a bravery of characterization which quite re- in consequence of the pains taken to destroy lieves his work from the censures which be- them by the Inquisition. The most remarkalong to most Spanish compositions of its class. ble result obtained by De Castro's researches, That he could print in Madrid a work in which and the feature in his work for which he claims statecraft and ecclesiastical persecutions are so the greatest credit is the new light he has frankly dealt with, is a fact of more signifi- thrown on the history of Don Carlos. But cance than a dozen such revolutions as have unfortunately the question as to the Protestvexed the slumbers of other states. In Spain, antism of that prince remains in much the same above all countries, the spread of a taste for obscurity as before. His having been tainted historical studies must be regarded as preg- by heretical opinions would aid certainly in nant with important consequences. It shows accounting for his father's malignity towards that the barriers of ignorance and self-conceit, him; but otherwise there seems to be no proof which have so long isolated that country from of the fact; and our own opinion is, that his the rest of Europe, are beginning to be effec- tolerant views as to the treatment of the Flemtually broken down. To the common Pro-ish provinces were misconstrued into bias totestant reader, indeed, De Castro's work will appear studiously moderate, or perhaps timid. But it should be remembered that it was written for a public which is four or five centuries behind our own, in all that constitutes true liberty and enlightenment; and what would appear most gratuitous cowardice here may easily enough be remarkable courage in Spain. To speak in favor of Protestantism at all, still more to become the biographer of the Protestant martyrs, is an undertaking which demands from a Spaniard, even of the present day, no ordinary amount of resolution. And we should be by no means surprised to hear that De Castro has been, in one way or another, made to pay some penalty of his rash enterprise. That it is both a dangerous and an unpopular one is manifest from the caution with which historical as well as religious topics are treated. Compiling what we cannot better characterize than as a Spanish supplement to Fox's "Book of Martyrs," the author nowhere professes himself a Protestant. And the slow and gradual way in which he unmasks the character of Philip II., shows how haughty and sensitive are the public whom he has undertaken to disabuse of a portion of the inveterate pride and prejudice which they nourish on all subjects affecting their church or their country. On the whole, however, though the Protestant reader will occasionally desiderate a little more warmth and indignation when chronicling such atrocities, we should say that the book rather gains than loses by this studied moderation both in tone and opinions. It certainly gains in dignity and impressiveness; and it is vastly better adapted to make its way with the author's countrymen, than if he had betrayed at the outset a sectarian bias, which would have revolted them, before they had time to make acquaintance with the sad and sanguinary events of which he is the historian. The ground gone LONGWORTH, who distinguished himself in the Hungarian troubles, is writing a history of them. There is promise of so many books upon the subject that we shall be able to find out nothing about it. By the way, we wonder that no one has yet chosen for a motto to place upon his title-page, this sentence, which Lord Bolingbroke wrote more than a hundred years ago: "I mean to speak of the troubles in Hungary. Whatever they became in their progress, they were caused originally by the usurpations and persecu tions of the emperor. And when the Hungarians were called rebels first, they were called so for no other reason than this, that they would not be slaves.” It is from his Letters on History, and occurs where he has been speaking of the hostility of foreign powers to Austria. A PENNY MAGAZINE, in the Bengalese language, is to be established in Calcutta, under the editorship of Baboo Rajendralal Mittra, the librarian of the Asiatic Society. It is to be illustrated by electrotypes executed in England, of woodcuts which have already appeared in the Penny Magazine, the Saturday Magazine, and the Illustrated News. A NATIVE of India has translated the tragedy of Othello into Bengalee. Othello's cognomen in the Oriental version is Moor Bahadoor (General Moor). bly, from a priest who had heard it in confidence, that he was to be attacked, and he must have known the Italian, and especially the Roman character, sufficiently to have felt assured of his fate. After hearing the priest, Rossi said to him calmly: "I thank you, Monseigneur, the cause of the Pope is the cause of God," and stepping into his carriage drove to the palace of the Cancelleria, at whose door he fell dead, by a stroke that wounded much more mortally the cause which condemned him, than the cause he espoused. In Italy, at Turin and Florence, a great num-fate there was something extremely heroic, beber of valuable works have been issued, illus-cause he had received information, just as he trative of the recent revolutions. They do not quitted the Pope's palace to go to the assemclaim to be histories, for history is impossible, while events are contemporary and cannot be contemplated from a universal point of principle and analysis. But these volumes are what the French with their happy facility would call studies for history. They are the material from which the great historic artists must compose their pictures-they are the diary of the movement-they follow all the changes of the time, hopeful or despondent, with the fidelity and closeness of an Indian upon the trail. We have seen several of these publications, and hope ere many months to see a treatise upon the republican movement in Europe from a pen well able to sketch it, and which is fed by ink which is never for a mo ment red. The largest and most important of these works is that of M. Gualterio, just published in Florence, which comprises several letters of the Austrian lackey, Francis IV., Duke of Modenas, and throws light upon many of the darkest passages of the dark Austria-Italico policy. Among other letters, also, one of the most remarkable is that of the Cardinal Gonsalvi, well known as the able and humane Prime Minister of Pius VII., and to whose memory there is now upon the walls of St. Peter's a monument by Thorwaldsen, of which a statue of the Cardinal is part. This letter speaks of the miserable conduct of the political trials, and "justice," he says, "charity, the most ordinary decency demands that all humanity shall not be so trampled under foot. What will the English and French journals say-not the Austrian, when they learn of this massacre of the innocents." This was thirty years ago. But at this moment, were there an able and humane minister at the Vatican, how truly might he repeat Gonsalvi's words! WITH all our waste of money, and continual boasts of encouraging individual merit, we have not yet a single pension in this country except to homicides. "They manage these things better in France." A return just published in the official Moniteur, shows that one department of the government, that of Public Instruction, distributes the following pensions to literary persons: five of from $400 to $480 a year; nine of $300 to $360; twenty-nine of $200 to $240; thirty-four of $120 to $180; and fifteen of $40 to $100. To the widows and families of deceased authors, two of $400 to $450; six of $300 to $360; seventeen of $200 to $240; twenty-five of $120 to $180; and thirty-one of $40 to $100. In addition to this, it may be mentioned, that the same department distributes a large sum annually, under the title of "Encouragements," to authors in temporary distress, or engaged in works of literary importance and but small pecuniary profit. It also awards several thousands to learned societies, for literary and scientific missions, purchases of books, &c. The department of the Interior gives $2,500 a year in subscriptions to different works, and nearly $30,000 for "indemnities and assistance to It is in works like these, and in the journals authors." The other departments of the govand pamphlets published during the intensity ernment also employ considerable sums in purof the struggle, that the still-surviving Italian chasing books, and in otherwise encouraging genius, which it has been so long the northern literary men. It is said indeed to be no unusupolicy to smother and repress, betrayed itself. al thing for an author, laboring under temporary Nor among these works, as striking another inconvenience, to apply for a few hundred, or, in key, ought we to omit the Souvenirs of the some cases, thousand francs, and they are alWar of Lombardy by M. de Talleyrand-most always awarded. No shame whatever is Perigord, Duke of Dino-and the history of attached to the application, and no very extrathe Revolution of Rome by Alphonse Balley-ordinary credit to the gift. Surely, France dier. The Souvenirs are devoted to the glory must be a Paradise for authors. of the unhappy King Charles Albert, the dupe of his own vanity and the victim of his own weakness. Upon the pages of M. le Duc de Dino, however, he blazes very brilliantly as a martyrmartyr of a cause hopeless even in the first flush of success-martyr of an army without enthusiasm, of a liberalism without freedom or heroism. The English royalists, the reader will remember, were fond of the same title for the unhappy Charles I. In M. Balleydier's history of the Roman revolution, Rossi is the central figure, in whose VOL III.-NO. III.-21 A BOOKSELLER in Paris announces: “Reflections upon my conversations with the Duke de la Vauguyon, by Louis-Augustus Dauphin, (Louis XVI.,) accompanied by a fac simile of the MS., and with an introduction by M. FAL LOUX, formerly Minister of Public Instruction." Falloux is a churchman of the stamp of Montalembert. We are apt to doubt the genuineness of these luckily discovered MSS. of eminent persons. We have no more faith in this case than we had in that of the Napoleon no vels, mentioned in the last International. THE late M. De BALZAC, who, besides being one of the cleverest writers of the age, was a brilliant man of society, and a very notorious roué, left, it appears, voluminous memoirs, to be printed without erasure or addition, and his friends are much alarmed by the prospect of their appearance. It is said that his custom of extorting letters from his friends upon any subject at issue, under pretence of possessing an imperfect memory, and his method of classing them, will render his memoirs one of the completest scandalous tableaux of the nineteenth century that could ever be presented to the contemplation of another age. Opposition to the publication has already been offered, but without success, and the princess-widow is busily engaged with the preparations for printing, intending to have the memoirs before the world early in June. They extend minutely over more than twenty years. body; the other is scattered, loosely put to- A HISTORY of Marie Stuart, by I. M. Dargaud, has just been published in Paris, and for its brilliancy, completeness, clearness, and impar tiality, attracts much attention. Queen Mary of Scotland was one of the famously beautiful women whose history is romance. She must be named with the heroines of history and the figures of poetry, with Helen, and Aspasia, and Cleopatra. Certainly, we trace no more sparkling and sorrowful career than hers upon the confused page of history, and our admiration, condemnation, surprise, sorrow and delight, fall, summed in a tear, upon her grave. In this work it appears that she was undoubt edly privy to the death of Darnley. During his assassination, she was dancing at Holyrood. The fearful fascination of a brigand like Bothwell, for so proud and passionate a nature as Mary's, is well explained by M. Dargaud. He is just, also, to her own tragedy, the long and bitter suffering, the betrayal of friends; the final despair, and the laying aside two crowns to mount the scaffold. She died nobly, and as most of the illustrious victims of history have died; as if nature, unwilling that they should live, would yet compassionately show the world in their ending, that heroism and nobility were not altogether unknown to them. M. E. QUINET, who was long associated with Michelet, in the College of France, and who is known as a writer by his Alemagne et Italie, Ultramontanisme, Vacances en Espagne, etc. has published in Paris L'Enseignement du Peuple.*“On the 24th day of February, 1848," he says, "a social miracle places in the hands of France the control of its destiny. France, openly consulted, replies by taking up a position in the scale of nations between Portugal and Naples. There must be a cause of this voluntary servitude; the object of these pages is to discover this cause, and, if possible, to protect futurity against the effects of its operation." This is the problem he proposes to solve, and he concludes that the important secret is in the fact, that the "national religion is in direct contradiction with the national revolution." "Chained by the circumstance of its religion to the middle ages, France believes that it can march onward to the end of a career opened to it solely because of its protest against every great principle of government which those ages held sacred." He has worked ten years, he tells us, to demonstrate two things: The first, that catholic states are all perishing; the second, that no political liberty can be realized in those states. "I have shown," he continues, "Italy the slave of all Europe, Spain a slave within, Portugal a slave within and without, Ireland a slave to England, Poland a slave to Russia, Bohemia, Hungary, slaves of AustriaAustria herself, the mother of all slavery, a slave to Russia. Looking for similar proofs out of Europe, I have shown in America, on the one hand, the increasing greatness of the heretical United States; on the other hand, the slavery of the catholic democracies and monarchies of the south: in the former a WASHINGTON, in the second a ROSAS." M. Quinet considers that the only remedy applicable THE COUNT MONTALEMBERT, the fervid chamto an evil of this magnitude is the utter sepa- pion of Catholicism in the French chamber, has ration of church and state. Leave but the just published a work, entitled The higher and slightest connection between the two, and the lower Radicalism: in its enmity to Religion, former will inevitably overpower the latter. Right, Freedom and Justice, in France, Switz The one is a compact, organized, single-mindederland and Italy. Apropos of this history of Queen Mary, Lamartine has written a letter to Beranger, which praises the work exceedingly, but much more glorifies himself. The letter is a perfect specimen of that vanity, wherein only Lamartine is sublime: "Ah! if you or I had had such a heroine at twenty years, what epic poems and what songs would have been the result!" ALTHOUGH M. GUIZOT appears to be as busily engaged as ever in politics, the advertisements of the booksellers would induce a belief that his whole attention is given to literary studies. He has just published Etudes Biographiques sur la Révolution de l'Angleterre, which, with his sketch of General Monk, he says, "form a sort of gallery of portraits of the English Revolution, in which personages of the most different characters appear together-chiefs or champions of sects or parties, parliamentarians, cavaliers, republicans, levellers, who, either at the end of the political conflicts in which they were engaged, or when in retirement towards the close of their lives, resolved to describe themselves, their own times, and the part they played therein. In the drawing together of such men," he adds, "and in the mixture of truth and vanity which characterize such works, there is, if I do not deceive myself, sufficient to interest persons of serious and curious minds, especially among us and in these times; for in spite of the profound diversity of manners, contemporary comparisons and applications will present themselves at every step, whatever may be the pains taken not to seek them." The studies here collected we suppose are not new; they are doubtless the articles which the author contributed to the Biographie Universelle and other works before he became a minister -perhaps, as in the cases of his "Monk" and "Washington," with scarcely a word of alteration. The work is, however, interesting. The period of English history to which it refers has been profoundly studied by Guizot, and it would probably be impossible to select a mode of treating it that would admit of more effective or attractive delineation. The life of Ludlow appears as the first of the series. A FRENCH traveller in upper Egypt has collected for the Parisian Ethnological Museum copies of many curious inscriptions upon the walls of the great temple of Philæ. Among others, there is the modern one of Dessaix, which the Parisians think "reflects the grandiose simplicity of the Republic." "The sixth year of the Republic, the thirteenth Messidor, a French army commanded by Bonaparte descended upon Alexandria; twenty days after, the army having routed the Mamelukes at the Pyramids, Dessaix, commanding the first division, pursued them beyond the Cataracts, where he arrived the thirteenth Ventose of the year seven, with Brigadier-Generals Davoust, Friant, and Belliard. Donzelot, chief of the staff, La Tournerie, commanding the artillery, Eppler, Chief of the twenty-first Light Infantry. The thirteenth Ventose, year seven of the Republic, third March, year of J. C., 1799. Engraved by Casteix." The last date, however, strikes us as a base compromise to the temporal prejudices of the world, on the part of the author of this "simple and grandiose" inscription. M. DE SAINT BEAUVE has published in Paris some hitherto inedited MSS. of MIRABEAU, consisting of Dialogues between the great orator and the celebrated Sophie (Madame de Monnier), written when Mirabeau was confined in the fortress of Vincennes, principally, it seems, from the pleasure he had in reflecting on the object of his passion. He gives an account of their first meeting, the growth of their love, and their subsequent adventures, in the language, no doubt, as well as he could recollect, that had passed between them, in conversation or in letters. There is not much that is absolutely new in these papers, or that throws any peculiar light on Mirabeau's character, but nothing could have been written by him which is without a certain interest, especially upon the subject of these Dia a morbid desire to see illustrious personages while under the influence of the tender passion. FRENCH Literature tends in a remarkable degree towards monarchical institutions. Guizot and his associates publicly advocate the Res-logues. Circulating-library people had always toration. M. Cousin has published a new argument against Republicanism, and M. Romieu, whose curious book, which men doubted whether to receive as a jest or an earnest ar- Progression Constante de la Démocratie pengument, The Era of the Casars-in which he dant soixante ans, is the title of a new Parisian declared his belief that the true and only law brochure well noticed. Of the same character for France is force-is before the public again, is the Le Mont-Saint-Michel, by Martin Berin a volume entitled Le Spectre Rouge de 1852. nard, a serial publication devoted to the details He predicts the subversion of all order, and of the sufferings of Democratic martyrs. The such terrible scenes as have never been wit-author is now in exile, having shown himself nessed even in France, unless some one bold, too republican for the present Republic. resolute, scorning all "constitutional" figments, and relying solely on his soldiers-some one who shall say L'état c'est moi! shall save France. A Cromwell, a Francia, or in default of such Louis Napoleon-any one who will constitute himself an autocrat, will become the saviour of France! THE COUNT DE JARNAC, formerly secretary and chargé d'affaires of the French embassy in London, has published a novel which is well spoken of, entitled the Dernier d'Egmont. VICTOR HUGO's paper, L'Evènement, says of Louis Philippe's Gallery at the Palais Royal, which the heirs now wish to sell, that it has two paintings of Gericault's, the Chasseur and the Cuirassier, and that they symbolize the two phases of the Empire, victorious France and the Invasion. He hopes, therefore, that they will not be permitted to go out of France. WILLIAM HOWITT is writing a life of George Fox. MR. TICKNOR'S History of Spanish Literature is reviewed in La Revue des Deux Mondes by PROSPER MERIMEE, of whose recent travels in the United States we have had occasion to speak once or twice in The International. M. Merimee is the author of a Life of Peter the Cruel, of which a translation has been published within a few months by Bentley in London, and he professes to be thoroughly acquainted with Spanish literature, from a loving study of it while residing in Spain. Perhaps he had some thought of writing its history himself; he certainly seems to bestow unwillingly the praises he is compelled to give Mr. Ticknor, whose extraordinary merits he however distinctly admits. "The writer of this History," he says, " has gone into immense researches; he has applied himself deeply and conscientiously to the Castilian language and the Spanish authors: he has read, he has examined, every thing that the English, French, and Germans, had published on this subject. He possessed an advantage over the critics of old Europe-that of being able to treat literary questions without mixing up with them recollections of national rivalries." He concludes his article by saying, "This work is an inestimable repertory; it must be eminently useful in a library. It comprises very good biographical notices of the Spanish authors, and numerous abstracts which obviate the necessity of reference to the original authorities. The translations, which are copious, are executed with surpassing taste, to afford an idea of the style of the Spanish poets. Thanks to the flexibility of the English language, and the ability or command of the author in using it, the translations are of signal fidelity and elegance. The rhythm, the flow, the idiomatic grace and curiosa felicitas, are rendered in the most exact and the happiest manner." draw up the charges against M. Libri never appeared to understand that two different editions of a work were totally different things, and they have accused M. Libri of having stolen a work from a public library, simply because M. Libri possessed an edition of that work, though different from the one the library had lost, or, better still, which it had never lost at all. Considering all the circumstances, and the attention which was attracted to the case throughout the learned world, this is very curious: it will form one of the most remarkable of the causes célèbres. THE new Paris review, La Politique Now velle, starts bravely its career as a rival of La Revue des Deux Mondes. The leading article, "La Constitution, c'est l'order" is by M. Marie, who was one of the chiefs f the Provisional Government, and Henri Martin, Gustave Cazavan, and Paul Rochery, are among the contributors; but the best attraction of the work to those who do not care for its politics, is the beginning of a charming novel by Madame Charles Reybaud, the authoress of Tales of the Old Convents of Paris. LAMARTINE's reputation declines with every new attempt of his at money-making. There was never a man capable of doing well a half of what he advertises. He is writing a romance on the destruction of the Janizaries, for the Pays, another romance for the Siecle, and occasionally gives feuilletons to other jour nals; he is re-editing a complete edition of his own works, writing a history of the Restoration, and a history of Turkey, and has lately begun to edit a daily paper. He also continues the monthly pamphlet, of between thirty and forty pages, the Conseiller du Peuple, on political matters, and produces once a month a periodical, Les Foyers du Peuple, in which he gives an account of his travels, with tales and verses. By a letter in the London Times, signed ERNESTO SUSANNI, it appears that M. LIBRI may be a very much wronged person. The THE Paris correspondent of the London Lit readers of the International will remember his erary Gazette states, that an Assyrian, named trial, a few months ago, and his condemnation FURIS SCHYCYAC, is at present attracting some to ten years' imprisonment (in default of attention in the literary circles. He had just judgment), and deprivation of the various high arrived from London, where, it appears, he offices he held, for having, as was alleged, sto- translated the Bible into Arabic, for one of the len from the Mazarine Library, besides others, religious associations. He has accompanied the following volumes: Petrarca, gli Triomphi, his debut in Parisian society with a mudh, or 1475: Bologna, in folio; Pamphyli poeta lepi- poem, to Paris, in which he almost out-Oriendissimi Epigrammatum libri quatuor; Faccio tals the Orientals in his exaggerated compli degli Uberti, opera chiamata Ditta Munde Ven-ments and gorgeous imagery. Paris, he deezia, 1501, quarto; Phalaris Epistole, traducte clares, amongst other things, is the "terresdel Latino da Bartol: Fontio, 1471, quarto; trial paradise," the "séjour of houris," and Dante, Convivio: Florence, 1490, quarto; &c." Eden;" whilst the people are, par excellence, M. Susanni alleges that the learned biblio-"the strong, the generous, the brave, the singrapher, M. Silvestre, has discovered in the cere-hearted, with no faults to diminish their Mazarine Library that, contrary to the very virtues." This master-stroke has opened the circumstantial affirmation of the deed of accu- Parisian circles to the cunning Assyrian. sation, the above-mentioned books are still in their places on the shelves of that library, from which they have never been absent, and where any one may go and see them, and verify the fact for himself. The persons employed to M. LEROUX has published in Paris a vol ume of Reminiscences of Travel and Residence in the United States, with observations on the Administration of Justice in this country. |