of man; and it is thus that, of late years, Greece has given a melancholy example how destructive are those propensities. At the commencement of the Revolution, a common feeling of indignation against their oppressors united Greeks of all places and parties. But, soon after the first successes were gained, the distribution of the spoil, and other causes, led to the most bitter jealousies and dissensions. The Roumeliotes and Moreotes were full of animosity against each other. The Hydriotes, Ipsariotes, and others, formed additional parties. These feelings burst forth into civil warfare and secret assassination. In one of the houses where I resided for an entire month, I discovered that I was living beneath the same roof with a man who had murdered four or five of his own countrymen; and allusions to various other instances of the kind may be found in my Journals.

The whole of the Morea, just before the arrival of Capo d'Istria, was assuming the form of so many baronial tenements; which were, in some instances, at open war with each other. Griva had established himself as Chieftain in the Palamidi at Napoli di Romania. Tzokres occupied a similar station at Argos. Colocotroni had his castle and retainers at Karidena; Iatrakos, at Mistra; Coliopulo, Niketas, and others, elsewhere.

Griva not only sallied forth from the Palamidi on foraging expeditions, on which he made spoil of all the cattle he could obtain, whether of friend or foe, but he encountered the Argives in the plain of their city, in an action in which seventy men fell. At Kranidi I found every thing in a posture of defence; and prepared to oppose a most determined resistance when Griva, who was expected, according to his menace, to attack them, should make his appearance. The manner in which Griva bombarded Nepoli, and the Castle of Uetch Kale, is sufficiently known. One of his balls entered a window of the new mosque, which had been employed as a Senate-house; passed through the opposite wall; and wounded two of the senators (one mortally) in an adjoining room. It will probably be long before the force of these deadly feuds be wholly unfelt. During the Revolution the evil was considered irremediable. Conversing with Greeks on the surprising infatuation which could cherish dissensions whilst the common foe was ready to destroy them, nothing was more usual than the reply, Tò xaxòv Tou yévous," "Tis the evil of our nation." The story of Ancient Greek divisions induced the belief that Modern Greeks must be equally subject to these calamities.

But it is upon the Turks that Greek vengeance has descended with tenfold fury. The disgrace of their nation, the oppression of their Church, public insults and private injuries, the wrongs of centuries treasured up in their memories, ills known, and ills unknown, these, and innumerable other causes, gave force and impetuosity to the blow which, in its effects, has shaken the very throne of the Sultan, and deluged with Mussulman blood the fields of Greece. It is not my intention to justify deeds which are unjustifiable. Let it however be remembered, in favour of the Greeks, that not only had "the vengeance of ages whetted their blade," and that they felt themselves impelled by Religion itself to destroy their infidel foes, but they were an undisciplined and an ungoverned multitude. Who would certify us, that an English army, in the moment of victory, would observe treaties, however sacred, if destitute of officers who could enforce obedience? Nay, Is there any act perpetrated in the Greek Revolution more atrocious than the massacre of Glenco*?

And if the history of the Greek

* If any one question whether Greek perfidiousness be equalled by Turkish, let him only study the life of Muhammed II., to cite no other examples.—See UPHAM's History of the Ottoman Empire, Vol. I. pp. 209, 211, 213, 218.

Revolution abound with instances of perfidious slaughter, let it also be noticed, that it can furnish instances of generosity and forbearance. It is not my office to narrate facts which fall to the lot of the historian; but, amongst the flagitious deeds which came to my own knowledge, I add the following to those which I have noticed elsewhere.

I passed over from Hydra to Kastri in a small boat, which was under the direction of a Greek female. At the period when the Hydriotes were satiating their vengeance on all Turks who fell within their reach, a benevolent individual of the island was very desirous of saving from death a Turk who was known to him. To effect this kind intention, he sent him over to Kastri and placed him under the protection of this woman. She appeared to be a person suitable for the purpose, not only for other causes, but because she was in some degree dependent on the compassionate Hydriot. For a time the Turk enjoyed security; but at length, falling seriously ill, the woman became weary of the task of attending on him. She therefore surrounded his bed with fire-wood; and, when the unhappy patient was unable to make any efforts for his safety, she applied a torch to the wood, and the

unpitied Mussulman was consumed to ashes. I had this fact from persons well acquainted with the circumstances.

In what an extraordinary manner attention to Religion may be intermingled with the most ruthless deeds, we may judge from the following recital. One of the most learned and pious Ecclesiactics of the Greek Church, who informed me of the transaction, had occasion, during the early times of the Revolution, to visit the Island of Spezzie. Just at that time, twenty Turks were there as prisoners. One Sunday, the Spezziotes determined on their destruction, and proceeded at once to execute their purpose. Nineteen had been already cut off, but the twentieth had by some means escaped their hands. My informant was engaged in assisting at the Vespers in an adjoining church; when one of those who had been employed in the work of death entered the church, his hands dyed with the blood of his victims. He proceeded to the officiating priests, and demanded of them if the Turk, who had escaped, were there concealed. On their disclaiming all knowledge of his place of refuge, he proceeded to search for him throughout the building, even entering into the place only allotted to priests, and styled, from its use