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Discharge of the principal in bankruptcy may prevent performance of a con-
dition of the surety's liability... . . .

1216

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A promise to give time supported by an oral counter-promise within the Stat-
ute of Frauds..

1229

Surrender of security by the creditor discharges the surety pro tanto.

Impairment of security by creditor's negligent inaction..

1233

Whether surrender of security of less value than the claim ever totally dis-
charges the surety....

1234

If the creditor is party to the fraud or has notice of it from the form of the in-
strument he cannot recover...

1246

Surety is bound by the principal's filling of blanks though in violation of in-
structions. . . . . .

1247

Failure of the creditor to disclose material facts at the time the surety's con-
tract is made...

1249

When accommodation parties on negotiable paper are co-sureties.

Liability of accommodation indorsers on negotiable instruments is presum-
ably successive.

1262

BOOK IV

PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACTS

CHAPTER XXI

GENERAL RULES FOR THE INTERPRETATION OR CONSTRUCTION OF CONTRACTS AND THE PAROL EVIDENCE RULE

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Different standards of interpretation must be applied to different classes of contracts...

604

Standard of interpretation for informal agreements.

605

Formal and written contracts may exist though parties attach different meanings to the language...

606

Standard of interpretation where a writing has been adopted.

607

The local standard is preferable to the normal standard. .

608

Clear and unambiguous words......

609

Intent of the parties where the contract is written is ineffective unless expressed in the writing...

610

An exclusively mutual standard is not applicable.

611

Codes and abbreviations...

612

Meaning peculiar to the parties may be given to words if the words appropriately express that meaning.

613

Technical meaning is sometimes given to language in violation of apparent intention.....

614

Adoption of existing law into a contract..

615

Respective functions of the court and the jury.

616

Methods of determining the local meaning of a writing.

617

Primary rules of interpretation...

618

Secondary rules: The main purpose of the instrument will be given effect... 619 Secondary rules: The instrument will be construed if possible so that it shall be effective and reasonable....

620

Secondary rules: Language will be construed most strongly against the party using it..

621

Secondary rules: Written matter in a contract is given greater effect than printed matter...

622

Secondary rules: An interpretation given by the parties themselves will be favored...

623

Secondary rules: Conflict between prior and subsequent clauses..

624

Secondary rules: Guaranties.

625

Secondary rules: Contracts affecting a public interest.

626

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