now mind how easily this plain truth without exaggeration, may be proved. Let it be fuppofed, that the difcuffing of this fubject took up fix months, or one feffion of parliament., Two millions of inhabitants, during that time, muft become four millions; for no addition of millions can be less than two. Thefe are the various ways, in which this plain truth may be explained. First, let it be only fuppofed, that one half of the prefent two millions are females; and then let it be fuppofed that every female, from a day old to the woman of the greatest age in America, be brought to bed of twins in fix months, the thing is done as plain as a pike-staff. But, it feems, there are fome wrong-headed people, who are not of that fubtlety of understanding in propagation, plain truth, no exaggeration, and America, which Mr. Burke enjoys : and thefe cannot conceive how girls, not arrived at the age of breeding, and old women, who are paft it, can have children. That objection is eafily removed. Suppose then one half of the million of females to be breeders, and each, in fix months, to have four children at a birth; or let each of them have twins twice, in that time, or be brought to bed, of one child, four times in fix months. By either of these modes of procreation, the two millions muft infallibly be produced. What a variety of ways here are by which this plain truth may be effected! excellent and admirable in plain truth without exaggeration! 66 He then talks of "minima out of the eye of the law, and a mafs of the feelings of the human race.' Excellent and admirable in refinement of language, and a lumpish senfibility page 8, he fays, "This ground," of the American commerce, "indeed, has been trod fome days ago, and with "great ability, by a diftinguished perfon." He has, indeed, an amazing ability of legs. Excellent and admirable in the metaphor of treading commerce under foot, to express the knowledge of it! 86 In p. 9, he tell us, "the export trade to the colonies confifts of three great branches: the African, which, terminating almoft wholly in the colonies, must be put to * the accouut of their commerce; the West Indian and the "North American. These are so interwoven, that the at"tempt to feparate them would tear to pieces the contexture "of the whole, and, if not entirely deftroy, would very "much depreciate the value of all the parts,' He, there fore, "confiders thefe three denominations to be, what in "effect they are, one trade. But it fo happens, that the trade to Africa and the West Indies ftill continues, although that to the colonies has been fome time fufpended. They O 2 are, are, on that account, to be feparated, without tearing the con texture to pieces, and are, therefore, in effect, not one trade. He then states the difference in the exports to the antecedent parts of the globe, as it stood in 1704 and 1772. Exports to North America and the Weft Indies,} 483,265 in 1704. To Africa. Exports to North America and the West Indies, } 1772. To Africa. From Scotland to the above parts. 66 86,665 £569,930 4,791,734 866,398 -364,000 £6,024,171 "From five hundred and odd thousand," fays he, “it has grown to fix millions. It has increased no less than twelvefold. This is the ftate of the colony trade, as compared "with itself, at these two periods, within this century, and "this is matter for meditation.' "" But this is not all. Ex"amine his fecond account. See how the export trade, to "the colonies alone, in 1772, flood in the other point of view, that is, to the whole trade of England 1704." The whole export trade of England, including 6,509,000 that to the colonies, in 1704. The export trade to the colonies alone, in 1772. Difference 485,000 "The trade with America, alone, is now within less than 500,000l. of what this great commercial nation, England, "carried on at the beginning of this century, with the whole "world." But the firft matter for meditation is, that the exports to Africa and the Weft Indies ought to be deducted from the 6,509,000l. becaufe thofe exports are, visibly, not fo closely connected with thofe of the continental colonies, as not to be continued without the other. Befides this, there is a manifeft fallacy in his ftating the exports. He ought not to have compared the colony trade of 1772 with the whole exports to all parts of the world, as it flood in 1704, but as it itood comparatively with all our exports in 1772, that the whole increase of our national commerce might have been fairly feen, and the comparifon made between that of the colonies and of all the reit. As I have nothing that can authentically declare the state of our trade, either to the American colonies, or to all parts of the world, as it flood in 1772, I shall take the liberty of fhewing, from an undoubted authority, how it flood in 1764. This will, probably, be as fufficient to explain all I would fay, as the fate of it in 1772: at least, allowances may be eafily made for the increase, as it ftands in Mr. Burke's account. Exports to all parts of the world, in 1764. 16,260,894' 4,182,245 So that the colony trade, instead of being within 500,000/. equal to the whole tarde of England, confifted but of little more than the fourth part of our trade; and, when the exports to the colonies now in rebellion, which then amounted to 2,610,8217 are compared with the total of the exports of that year, they will be found to amount to little more than a fixth part of our whole trade. And this is the state, in which every man unintending to deceive fhould have placed them. But there remains another, and perhaps the only true way of comparing the commerce of England, which is according to the ballance either for or against us. The general ballance in favour of England, in 1764. Ballance in favour of England, on the trade to all the colonies. } 6,179,808 50,159 Or about the 120th part of the grofs amount of gain to England on the whole trade of that year. From the year 1714 to 1775, being 61 years, fuppofing, in the most favourable view, that every year hath yielded a ballance in our favour of 50,1591. the whole gain by that trade, in that time, will be then 3,059,6991. and, during the time of acquiring that advantage, the legislature of the realm hath granted to the Americans, now in rebellion, 34,696,8671. which is eleven times as much as the national gain arifing from that trade. Thefe millions are now a debt, for which I will fuppofe the intereft to be but 3 per cent. the people of England, therefore, annually pay, in taxes for the preceding fum, 1,040,9067. which is, annually, twenty times as much as the national profit by the colony trade; and to this expence might be fairly added the fums expended in 03 forts, 1 forts, garrifons, &c. on the coaft of Africa and the fugar iflands, to fay nothing of the 70,000,000l. debt, incurred by the last war. Such was the state of the Weft Indian and American trade in 1764. If it had increased to the 6,024,171 in 1772, as Mr. Burke has ftated it, then the annual ballance in favour of England would have been about 85,000l. and that will then be the proportion of profit to the 1,040,906/. paid as interest, and which is annually raised on the people of England. This, therefore, is the relative proportion of the im"portance of the colonies, and all reafoning concerning our "mode of treating them muft have this proportion as its bafis, or it is a reafoning weak, rotten and fophiftical." But, as fugars and other Weft Indian commodities are now confidered as the neceffaries of life, the islands must be preferved; together with the Spanish and Portuguese fettlements in South America: or we muit fuffer in all our exports. And, as this cannot be effected, but by preferving the right of the fupreme legiflature over the continental colonies; and equity calls aloud on that fovereignty to eafe the people of England, by extending taxation over thofe fellow fubjects, for whofe prefervation the English have raised and paid the intereft of fo many millions, their rebellion must be fubdued. He then adds:"it is good for us to be here. We fland "where we have an immenfe view of what is and what is past. Clouds and darkness reft upon the future." In his firit printed fpeech, he heared things past hearing. In the anfwer to that fpeech, it was faid, that all his fenfes were equally acute. He has now verified that affertion, refpecting vifion. He fees things out of fight. Excellent and admirable in exquifiteness of fenfe, and the no blunder. However, he does not prefume to be a conjuror, and to look into what is to come; he only fees things that are paft feeing. 86 In p. 11, among the wonders lord Bathurft lived to fee, he makes one of them to be, that "he fhould live to fee his fon lord chancellor of England." Excellent and admirable in panegyric! that this fon, alfo, fhould turn back the current of dignity to its fountain, and raise his father to a higher "rank of peerage, whilft he enriched the family with a new "one." The fountain of dignity is the king. Did the lord | chancellor turn back the current of hereditary dignity to the king? Why then he turned that current back which never came forward to him; lord Bathurst being then alive. Had that nobleman refigned his higher peerage to his fon, or had the current of hereditary dignity come forward in that manner? No: his lordship held it to the day of his death, nor could could he refign it otherwife. But, it feems, Mr. Burke's turning back a current of hereditary dignity, is no more, than that lord Bathurft, on his fon's being made lord chan cellor, was, at the request of the latter, made an earl from a baron; and this is Mr. Burke's current of dignity turned back that never came forward, and when it came forward, could not be turned back. Excellent and admirable in perfpicuity of ftile, poffibility of being accomplished, and the no blundert In p. 13, fpeaking of the whale fishery by the New England men, he fays, "While we follow them among the "tumbling mountains of ice and penetrating into the deepest "frozen receffes of Hudfon's Bay and Davis's Streights; "whilft we are looking for them beneath the polar circle, we hear they have pierced into the oppofite region of polar "cold: they are at the Antipodes,"- -the devil they are→ and engaged under the frozen ferpent of the fouth." Mountains of ice vaulting fomerfaults, like tumblers at Sadler's Wells; fhips, failing into the impaffable receffes of frozen feas, and under the polar circle, which is under the ice; winter at the fame time, at both the poles; finding a north west paffage, by piercing through the frozen feas, round to the fouthern region of polar cold; under a frozen conftellation of fixed ftars, fupposed to be so many funs all fire. Excellent and admirable in the knowledge of navigation, geography, aftronomy, whale fishing, the fublime, the beautiful, and the no blunder! He then talks of Falkland's islands, as an object "too ro"mantic for the grasp of national ambition." The romanticnefs of a grafp by the hand, and that grasp an island! excellent and admirable in propriety of language and prefervation of metaphor! "Nor," fays he, "is the equinoctial heat more difcouraging than the accumulated winters of both the poles." The winter of both poles, at the fame time, one heaped upon the other, like Pelion upon Offa, or the Americans at both poles, at the fame time, feeling the two colds! "We know," fays he, "whilft fome of them draw the line "and frike the harpoon," -the cart before the horfe"others run the longitude, and purfue their gigantic game "along the coaft of Brazil." A new kind of hunting a new game, and of running the longitude where they ran the latitude, the coaft of Brazil lying northerly and foutherly! excellent and admirable in a fecond exhibition of his knowledge in geography, navigation, whale hunting, and the no blunder! In p. 15, he fays, "in the character of the Americans, a "love of freedom is the predominating feature, which marks 04 " and |