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and succeeded his father in July, 1814, being then only in his eleventh year. On the 12th of September, 1823, he was declared "of age." He then entered the military service of the King of Bavaria, in whose army he held the rank of Lieutenant-General and Colonel-inChief of the 5th regiment of cavalry. The prince married in February, 1829, Marie (zé‹) Countess of Kletelsberg, by whom he leaves issue,-Prince Ernest, born 1830; and Prince Edward, born 1833,- a lieutenant in the Austrian Guards. The deceased prince is succeeded by Prince Ernest, who is a lieutenant in the British navy, and distinguished himself during the recent naval operations in the Black Sea, obtained his lieutenancy in April last year, and in May last he was ap pointed second lieutenant to her Majesty's steam-frigate "Magicienne." In addition to her Majesty and her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the court of Brussels and several of the German courts are placed in mourning by the demise of his Serene Highness, which has resulted from an attack of apoplexy.

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The death of Prince Charles of Leiningen, half-brother to her Majesty, has excited deep reg et in the Oden-wald, where the late prince resided. He possessed a palace in the town of Amonbach, in that forest, and passed away the summer months in a beautiful little seat which he had constructed in the midst of the forest, and had named Wald-Leiningen. Not far from this seat he established a prosperous village, which he named after his eldest son, Ernest, who is now serving on board the Magicienne," in the British navy. At Ernestthall, the late prince expende much money in satisfying his fastidious tastes: thus the residence of Wald-Leiningen was rebuilt five or six times, and each summer witnessed the most radical transformations in the grounds and outhouses. This building mania proved of great advantage to the poverty-stricken inhabitants of the Oden-wald, who, moreover, derived a livelihood from the manufactories established by the prince at Ernestthal.

BARON VON HAMMER.

Nor. 26. At Vienna, aged 82, M. Hammer Nurgstall, a celebrated Oriental scholar.

Baron von Hammer was born in 1774, at Gratz, in Styria, where his father occupied an honourable position in the public service. From his earliest childhood, a mysterious influence seemed to draw him towards the East. In 1788 he was allowed to gratify his inclinations by entering the then recently instituted Oriental Academy at Vienna, where he attracted the notice of the celebrated Jenisch, who availed himself of his services in the preparation of his edition of Meninski's Lexicon. About this time he produced seve. ral poems, both original and translated, from the Eastern languages. In 1799 he was sent as dragoman to Constantinople, whence he was transferred to Egypt, and employed as interpreter to the English army in Abercrombie's campaign. He was subsequently

attaché to the Austrian embassy at Constantinople, and consul in Moldavia. In 1811 he became interpreter to the Vienna Chancery. In 1817 he was made a councillor, and in 1835 a baron. Of late years, he had retired from the public service, and lived on his estates in Styria. His works are numerous→ the most important being his "Enyclop die View of Oriental Science," 1804; "Glance at Turkish Literature," 1816; "History of Persian Belles Lettres," 1818; "History of the Assassins," 1818; "History of the Ottoman Empire," 1827-34; "History of Ottoman Poetry," 1830-38; "The Mongols in Rusia," 1840; "The Mongols in Persia," 1843. The value of these works is great, but it has been thought to be lessened by a propensity to romantic speculation; and, in the case of the Ottoman history, by an undue, though not unnatural bias, in favour of the House of Austria. The baron's philological labours were less esteemed, being considered to display more learning and research than philosophical depth or logical exactness. Paron Hammer was ex-Pre-ident and senior member of the Vienna Academy of Science, and is said to have won the decorations of twenty different orders, and to have been a member of almost every literary society in the world. His remains were borne to the grave by the students of the Oriental Academy, of wh ch he had been one of the earliest students.

ADMIRAL BEECHEY, F.R.S.

Nor. 29. At his residence, Westbournecrescent, Hyde-park, Rear-Admiral Frederick William Beechey, F.R.S., President of the Royal Geographical Society, &c., aged 60.

The name of Admiral Beechey will be ever memorable among that band of distinguished officers of the British navy who of late have so remarkably united scientific to professional acquirements, and gained renown in times of peace by services as perilous and as honourable as those of warfare. In his young days he had borne his share in the trials and triumphs of hostile conflicts. Born Feb. 17th, 1796, the son of the well-known painter, Sir W. Beechey, R.A., he entered the navy in his tenth year, under the immediate charge of Earl St. Vincent, in the "Hibernia," 110. After a brief service in the "Minotaur," he accompanied Sir Sidney Smith, in the "Foudroyant," 80, to Rio Janeiro. In 1811, while serving in the "Astræa," 42, under Captain Schomberg, in company with the "Phoebe," "Galatea," and "Racehorse," he assisted at the capture of the French frigates "Renommeé," "Clorinde," and "Nereide." On his return to England, after some service in the Channel, he was appointed to the "Vengeur," 74, forming parts of the expedition to New Orleans, where he served in the boats which crossed the Mississippi with a detachment of troops, seamen, and marines, to make a diversion in favour of the general attack upon the American lines. March 10th, 1815, was the date of his first commission, and in September of that year he was appointed to the 'Niger," 38, on the North American station.

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Thus far the "Naval Biography" records the war services of young Beechey. When the piping times of peace returned, a new career of ambition was opened to him. In January, 1818, he was appointed to the "Trent," under Lieutenant and Commander Franklin, and departed on the first of four arctic voyages in which he took part. It was then that a friendship commenced with Franklin which was retained through life, and to which touching allusion was made in the address this year delivered by him from the chair of the Royal Geographical Society. An interesting account of the voyage of the "Trent" and the "Dorothea," Captain Buchan (the senior officer of the expedition), was published by Beechey in 1843. In 1819 he was appointed to the "Hecla," under the command of Lieutenant, afterwards Sir Edward, Parry, and rendered useful service during that memorable expedition. On the 5th November, 1821, Lieutenant Beechey was appointed to the "Adventure," under Captain (now Admiral) W. H. Smyth, the veteran hydrographer, then engaged in the survey of the northern coast of Africa. While on this service, Beechey, promoted to the rank of Commander, was detached, along with his brother, H. W. Beechey, Esq.. to explore the clas-ic region of the old Greek Pentapolis, and especially to examine and report on the antiquities of the Cyrenaica. His narrative of the expedition, and description of the country and its antiquities, were published in 1828, under the title of "Proceedings of the Expedition to explore the Northern Coast of Africa, from Tripoli eastward, in 1821 and 1822; comprehending an account of the Greater Syrtis and Cyrenaica, and of the Ancient Cities composing the Pentapolis."

Attention has recently been recalled to this district by the work of Mr. J. Hamilton on Cyrene, who, in his preface, refers to the previous explorations of Beechey. Circumstances prevented the explorations being carried out to the extent which was at first projected, but the brothers, in publishing their journal, could, with just pride, make the following statement:-"We have given to the world, we may say with the greatest accuracy, an extensive tract of coast which has been hitherto unsurveyed, and of which our best charts afforded a very imperfect outline, as will appear by a reference to the maps at the head of the work. We have obtained the plans of towns and places (rendered interesting by antiquity and by the rank which they hold in the pages of history) of which we have hitherto had no details; and have described, or made drawings of, every object of note which has presented itself on the field of our operations."

In 1825 Commander Beechey was appointed to the "Blossom," 24, in which ship he performed the voyages with which his name will be chiefly signalized in the annals of British enterprize and navigation.

In the light of the subs quent history of arctic discovery, it is now interesting to recall the objects and aspirations of other days, as they are expressed in Beechey's intro

ductory remarks, echoing the Admiralty instructions under which he sailed in the "Blossom :"-" In 1824, his late Majesty having commanded that another attempt (to discover a north-west passage to the Pacific) should be made by way of Prince Regent's Inlet, an expedition was equipped, -the last that sailed on this interesting service-and the command was again conferred upon Captain Parry, whose exploits have so deservedly earned for him the approbation of his country. At the same time, Captain Franklin, undaunted by his former perilous expedition, and by the magnitude of the contemplated undertaking, having, with the promptness and perseverance peculiar to his character, proposed to connect his brilliant discoveries at the mouth of the Copper-mine River with the furthest known point on the western side of America, by descending the Mackenzie River, and with the assistance of his intrepid associate, Dr. Richardson, by coasting the northern shore in opposite directions towards the two previously-discovered points, his late Majesty was al-o pleased to command that this expedition should be simultaneously undertaken. From the nature of these services, it was nearly impossible that either of these expeditions should arrive at the open sea in Behring's Straits without having nearly, if not wholly, exhausted their resources, and Captain Franklin's party being in addition destitute of a conveyance to a place whence it could return to Europe. To obviate these anticipated difficulties, his Majesty's government determined upon sending a ship to Behring's Straits to await the arrival of the two expeditions." Such was the immediate object of the voyage of the "Blossom;" but as a considerable period must elapse before her presence would be required in the north, and the time of the arrival of the arctic voyagers was uncertain, it was resolved to employ him in surveying such parts of the Pacific as were within his reach, or were of most consequence to navigation. The results of this voyage, which extended over three years, are well known in the history of geographical enterprize and of physical science. The "Narrative" was published in 1831, in two volumes quarto, by authority of the Admiralty. In this voyage the utmost attention was paid to scientific observations, and the collection of specimens, the determination and description of which was undertaken by the highest authorities in each department.

The voyage of Beechey in the "Blossom," besides the direct services rendered, is memorable as having given a new stimulus to the combination of scientific research with geographical exploration, and hydrographic surveying for the purposes of navigation. Among the officers of the expedition was Lieutenant, now Captain Sir Edward, Belcher, who, in the records of his own voyages, acknowledges with grateful remembrance the direction given to his pursuits by the example and instruction of Beechey and his companions in the " Blossom." In looking over the Narrative, we meet with many

notices of places which will be read with strange interest from the events which they subsequently witnessed. At San Francisco, for instance, then a Spanish town, the chief object of curiosity was the Californian mode of throwing the lasso; and a spirited picture of a bull-fight illustrates the chapter. The visit to Otaheite and other familiar islands, and the discovery of the new groups named after Melville, Croker, and other Admiralty authorities of the day; the visit to Pitcairn Island, and the interview with Adams, the last survivor of the mutineers of the "Bounty," whose descendants have lately migrated to Norfolk Island; the Chinese coast explorations; and the accounts of other places now better known to Western Europe, will arrest the attention of the reader, and suggest reflections on the subsequent history of these parts of the world. It was in 1827 that Beechey, promoted to the rank of Captain, discovered in the arctic reg ons a commodious harbour, south-east of Cape Prince of Wales, which he named after his godfather, William IV., Port Clarence. Beechey returned to England in 1828, after a voyage of upwards of 70,000 miles, and an absence of three years, passed both in arctic and tropical climates, during which he rendered important services to science and to navigation. The narrative was published in two quarto volumes, and in two separate volumes the Botany and Zoology of the expedition. In a previous work he had given an account of a voyage to the North Pole. The well-known Beechey Island commemorates his services in these regions. In 1835 he was appointed to the "Sulphur," for the purpose of continuing the survey of the Pacific, but failure of health compelled him to return soon after reaching the South American coast. From 1837 to 1847 Captain Beechey was engaged in the survey of the Bristol and Irish Channels, and to his labours is mainly due the formation of the accurate charts of these seas which we now possess. He also carried on a series of tidal observations, which were continued down to last year; and in his Address from the chair of the Royal Geographical Society, he had the satisfaction of announcing in the following terms the completion of this important work:

"I am happy to be able to announce the completion of an important series of observations upon the tidal streams of the seas around our own shores, which have been carried on for several years in a small vessel, which the Admiralty liberally placed at my disposal. These observations are of great importance as regards this particular branch of science, as they satisfactorily establish, in tidal waves of a peculiar character, the existence of a simultaneous turn of stream throughout the wave, notwithstanding the remarkable fact of there being a progressively increasing tidal establishment. This theory was advocated in two papers under my own hand, printed in the Transactions' of the Royal Society; and it has now been further confirmed by numerous observations. The result will facilitate and simplify the naviga

tion of our channels, and will affect much that has been written upon the subject of tides." In 1847 Captain Beechey was empowered by the government to constitute and superintend the Marine department of the Board of Trade, a service in which he was actively and usefully employed till the day of his death. He was promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral in 1854, and in the following year was elected to the office of President of the Royal Geographical Society. The addres delivered on the 26th May, 1856, before that scientific body, and since published, pre ents an admirable survey of the recent progress of geographical science, and an account of the important discoveries and researches made during the past year. The words with which he concluded his address attest the zealous and enlightened views with which he presided over the Society, while affording a gratifying proof of the genial and liberal feeling which led him to associate his scientific pursuits with the higher objects of advancing human civilization, and spreading throughout the world the blessings of Christianity.-Literary Gazette.

PROFESSOR HUSSEY.

Dec. 2. Suddenly, at his residence in Beaumont-street, Oxford, the Rev. Robert Hussey, Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Oxford.

He

Mr. Hussey was born October 7, 1801, being the fourth son and tenth child of the Rev. William Hussey, for forty-nine years Vicar of Sandhurst, in the county of Kent. Having been a King's Scholar at Westminster, he was in 1821 elected student of Christ Church. He took a double-first class in Michaelmas Term, 1824, and his degree of B.A. on Jan. 14, in the following year. always bore a very high reputation at Oxford, and was remarkable for great good sense and painstaking accuracy, always weighing his words well, and neither doing nor saying anything rashly; hence there were few men whose opinion on almost every subject carried more weight with it. Nor was he ever known to speak unkindly of any one without strong cause, or from a sense of public duty. While still only a Bachelor of Arts, he was selected by the late eminent scholar Dean Gaisford to prepare for the University Press, under his directions, an edition of the "Odyssey" of Homer, with a selection of the Scholia,-a task which he performed in a creditable and satisfactory manner; and this edition, published in 1827, has been in general use in Oxford, and in the public schools, wherever the "Odyssey" has been read, since that time. On the 10th of October of that year he took the degree of M.A., and proceeded to that of B.D. in 1837, after having discharged the office of Proctor, and was appointed one of the Public Examiners in the Classical School. In 1836 he published "An Essay on the Ancient Weights and Money, and the Roman and Greek Liquid Measures; with an Appendix on the Roman and Greek Foot." The

object of this work was to supply a convenient manual fitted for general use as a book of reference "containing in a commodious shape all the information concerning weights and money necessary for reading the classical authors of the best ages." This work was prepared with his usual care and assiduity, in the hours which could be spared from his incessant occupations as college tutor, which frequently compelled him to suspend for awhile the prosecution of this laborious work, -in the course of preparing which he had examined the ancient coins in the British Museum, the Bodleian, the Hunterian Museum at Glasgow, and the Royal Library at Munich.

In 1839 he published "An Examination of the proposed new Form of certain Statutes, with hints for establishing a System of Professorial Teaching." This pamphlet was addressed to Dr. Gilbert, then Principal of Brasenose and Vice-Chancellor, now Bishop of Chichester. It is distinguished by Mr. Hussey's usual thoughtfulness and foresight, and earnest wish for the prosperity of the University, without regard to party interests. In the same year, 1839, he published a letter to T. D. Acland, Esq., M.P., on " The Education of the Middle Classes." And he also published a small volume anonymously, entitled "A Help to Young Clergymen in Reading and Preaching in the Congregation of the Church." Marked by the caution and good sense which might be expected of him, this little work is extremely valuable to the class to whom it is addressed, and many an older clergyman may take useful hints from it. His love for Roman antiquities had frequently led him, even during his undergraduate career, to make use of his walks and his rides in the neighbourhood of Oxford in investigating such Roman remains as are there to be found-which are more numerous than is generally imagined; and in 1840 he was induced to put the results of his researches into the form of a Paper, which he read before the Ashmolean Society on the 9th of November of that year, and published in the year following, accompanied by a very clear map of the Roman road from Alchester (near Bicester) to Dorchester, and plans of the Roman city of Alchester, and of a Roman camp. In 1841 he published, at the request of the younger members of Christ Church, a sermon preached there on Easter-day. In 1842 he was appointed by the Crown, Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History, on the recommendation of Sir R. Peel; and in 1844 he published, at the University Press, the Greek text of the "Ecclesiastical History" of So rates, for the use of his pupils. In 1846 he published, also at the University Press, the Lat n text of the "Ecclesiastical History of England," by the Venerable Bede or "Bada," with a few short notes. In 1845 he published, in a short pamphlet, "Reasons for Voting upon the Third Question to be proposed in Convocation on the 18th instant," (February). These were, in fact, reasons against voting for the condemnation of the celebrated Tract 90 a second time, it having

been previously condemned in 1841. He, however, carefully guarded against being supposed to approve of the opinions contained in this Tract, or in Mr. Ward's book. On the 31st of October, 1847, he preached a sermon before the University, at St. Mary's, on the subject of "the Church from the beginning until now," which he was induced to publish by the request of some who heard it. In 1848 he published "Remarks on some proposed Changes in the Public Examinations," the object of which was, by a temperate discussion of the subject, to check any desire for injudicious changes, and to facilitate the progress of real improvement. In the following year he continued the same subject in "A Letter to the Rev. the Vice-Chancellor, on the proposed Three Examinations." His object was "to suggest what is practicable, and to adapt what is good in our present mode, to the purposes designed, rather than to construct a new system." In 1849 he published a volume of "Sermons, mostly Academical; with a Preface, containing a Refutation of the Theory founded upon the Syriac Fragments of the Epistles of Ignatius, by Mr. Cureton." In 1851 he published "The Rise of the Papal Power, traced in three Lectures." This little volume contains in a small compass all the leading facts of a most searching investigation. In 1853 he edited again for the University Press another edition of the Ecclesiastical History of Socrates; and this time not a mere text-book for his lectures, but an elaborate edition, with a Latin version, notes, and index, forming three volumes 8vo. In 1854 he published a Sermon by request,

on

"University Prospects and University Duties;" and in 1856, an Ordination sermon, on "The Atonement.' An edition of Sozomen is suspended by his death.

As long as Oxford produces such men as Profes or Hussey, she may well be content to bear the jeers and reproaches of ignorant and flippant writers. The time may come when, under a more pretentious aspect, she may but be engendering the seeds of ruin and destruction by a showy and superficial standard, instead of driving more deeply into the soil firm and lasting roots of learning and knowledge, from which she draws her real strength and vigour. Then may posterity look back to those times when Oxford produced men who cared not for the honour and display with which the world surrounds its votaries, but were content to search in deep mines for hidden treasures; who looked not for present glory, but were happy with the consciousness that they were making due use of the talents which the Creator had given to them.

WILLIAM LOCKHART, ESQ., M.P.

Nov. 25. At Milton-Lockhart, after a short illness, William Lockhart, Esq., of Milton-Lockhart, M.P. for the county of Lanark.

Mr. Lockhart, who was about seventy years of age, had represented his native county of Lanark since 1841, being returned

to parliament each time without opposition. He took a deep interest in its affairs, and was most assiduous in the discharge of his parlia mentary duties, and universally respected for his uprightness of conduct and independence of character. He was the eldest son of the late Dr. Lockhart, minister of College parish, Glasgow, and was half-brother to the Rev. Dr. Lawrence Lockhart, of Inchinnan, and Robert Lockhart, Esq., Glasgow. The vacancy created in the representation of the county will doubtless cause more than usual stir, from the long abstinence from politics in which Lanarkshire has indulged. Mr. Lockhart was Dean of Faculty of the University of Glasgow, and Lieutenant-ColonelCommandant of the Lanarkshire regiment of yeomanry cavalry. In politics he was a decided Conservative, but his manners were so genial, his devotion to business so unwearied, and his attention to the local interests of all parties so courteous and impartial, that he won the entire confidence of the county. Mr. Lockhart died childless. His next brother was John Gibson Lockhart (late editor of the "Quarterly Review," and son-in-law of Sir Walter Scott), who died at Abbotsford, in November, 1854. He will be succeeded in his estates by the family of Mr. Hope Scott, the husband of Mr. J. G. Lockhart's only child, who is the daughter of the great Minstrel's eldest daughter, Sophia Scott.

LIEUTENANT WILLIAM RIVers.

Dec. 5. At his official residence in Greenwich Hospital, aged 68, Lieutenant William Rivers, an officer largely known and highly respected.

He went to sea at a very early age, under the care of his father, in the time-honoured "Victory," and until after the battle of Trafalgar, never served in any other ship. He was present in this ship at Lord Hotham's second action in 1795, and was slightly wounded; he was also in the action off Cape St. Vincent, and in the crowning battle of Trafalgar lost his left leg-be.ng wounded as the ship was running into action, and elicted from Nels n, with whom he was a great favourite, the tenderest sympathy. Take care of young Rivers, Hardy," were

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the hero's words.

The one-legged Lieutenant, whose personal and mental activity were seldom surpassed, rigidly followed up his profession. He was a Lieutenant of the "Cossack" at Copenhagen in 1807, and First Lieutenant of the "Cretan" at Flushing, in 1809; and continued for a considerable period actively employed in the Channel and on the north coast of Spain.

The peace for a time laid this gallant son of Neptune on the shelf, from which he was removed to Woolwich Dockyard, and from thence, in 1826, to Greenwich Hospital.

Few who have known that noble establishment during the last thirty years, but will deeply mourn the death of this fine old officer, for a more honourable or true-minded man never existed. He was a rare example of the real English gentleman, and through life

an earnest, zealons, and practical Christian. To aid the deserving, to relieve the indigent, to console the distressed, his recommendation and his interest, his hand, his purse, and his tongue, were ever ready. Many are the charities which assist the widows and children of the "old pensione s" he originated.

There are few of the "old Victory's" left now; but the memory of him who lay terribly wounded in the cockpit of that ship, whilst the life of the immortal Nelson ebbed away, will be remembered, loved, and honoured by all who knew him.

Of him whose imperfect memoir we have thus given, Dibdin's lines may not be inappropriate:

"Altho' his body's under hatches,
His soul has gone aloft."

FATHER MATHEW.

Dec. 8. At his lodgings, Queenstown, Ireland, aged 66, the Rev. Theobald Mathew, the well-known Apostle of Temperance.

Theobald Mathew was descended from a very ancient Welsh family, whose pedigree is carried in the records of the principality to Gwaythooed, king of Cardigan, in direct descent from whom was Sir David Mathew, standard-bearer to Edward IV., whose monument is to be seen in the cathedral of Llandaff. Edmund Mathew, his descendant in the sixth generation, High-Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1592, had two sons, who went to Ireland in the reign of James I. The elder son, George, married Lady Thurles, mother of "the great" Duke of Ormonde. From him was descended Francis Mathew, of Annfield, a gentleman of large estates, who was eventually raised to the peerage as Earl of Llandaff. Though, at his death in 1806, his estates are said to have amounted to 40,000'. a-year, they were greatly encumbered by his successor, on whose death, in 1833, they devolved upon his only surviving sister, the late Lady Elizabeth Mathew, who at her death in 1842 bequeathed them to a French nobleman in no way related to her, the Viscount de Chabot, leaving her only near relative unprovided for, and, singularly enough, appointing him executor to the very will by which she stripped her family of their ancestral property. Mr. Mathew very naturally declined to act, and the magnificent estates of the house of Llandaff have passed into the hands of strangers.

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We believe that Theobald Mathew, son of James Mathew, of Thomastown, county Tipperary, was born at that place on the 10th of October, 1790. His grandmother was niece of the celebrated General Mathew, of whom honourable mention is made by Sheridan in his "Life of Swift' Having lost his parents at an early age, Theobald Mathew was adopted by his distant relative, the Lady Elizabeth Mathew, mentioned above, who placed him under the tuition of the Rev. Dennis O'Donnell, parish priest, of Tallagh, county Waterford. At the age of 13 he was sent to the lay academy of Kilkenny, whence he was removed in his 20th year to Maynooth,

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