The following may be the form of the recognizance : to wit. Recognizance. Whereas by an order under the hands and seals of assembled at a petty session of Her Majesty's holden in and justices of the peace for the (a) county of for the (a) division of on in the said county, at in the year of our Lord one thousand the said had the day of eight hundred and forty was adjudged to be the putative father of a bastard child, of which one been then lately delivered, and was ordered to pay to her certain sums of money therein set forth and whereas the said given to the said notice of his intention to appeal against the said order to the general quarter session of the peace, to be holden (b) on — next, for the county of on the the : day of hath Now the condition of this recognizance is such, that if the above-named do appear at the general quarter session of the peace, to be held at, in and for the (a) county of · day of,. in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty - and then and there try such appeal, and pay such costs as shall be by the said court awarded, then this recognizance to be void. Taken and acknowledged this day of in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty at in the county of (a) before me, the undersigned, one of Her Majesty's justices of the peace for the said county. (a) (a) or city, borough, or other place. (b) if the notice of appeal do not set out the day on which the quarter session is to be holden, this recita and the condition must be altered. accordingly. By stat. 8 & 9 Vict. c. 10, s. 6, the mother is rendered a competent witness upon the hearing of the appeal; but the court of quarter sessions shall not confirm the order appealed against "unless the evidence of the said mother shall have been corroborated in some material particular by other testimony, to the satisfaction of the said justices in quarter sessions assembled, or the recorder." "If at any time before the hearing of the appeal the putative father, who shall have entered into any such recognizance, shall give notice in writing of his abandonment of the appeal, to the mother of the child in whose favour the order shall have been made, and to the justice or justices before whom the said recognizance shall have been taken, and shall pay or tender to the said mother all sums then due under the said order,. and such costs and expenses as she shall have incurred by reason of such notice of appeal, the said recognizance so entered into by the said putative father shall not be estreated, nor in any manner put in force or otherwise proceeded with." Id. s. 5. 5. Punishment of the Mother. Every woman neglecting to maintain her bastard child, being able wholly or in part so to do, whereby such child becomes chargeable to any parish or union, shall be punishable as an idle and disorderly person, under the provisions of an Act made and passed in the fifth year of the reign of his late Majesty King George the Fourth, intituled An Act for the punishment of idle and disorderly persons, and rogues and vagabonds, in that part of the united kingdom callled England; and every woman so neglecting to maintain her bastard child, after having been once before convicted of such offence, and every woman deserting her bastard child, whereby such bastard child becomes chargeable to any parish or union, shall be punishable as a rogue and vagabond, under the provisions of the said last-recited Act. 7 & 8 Vict. c. 101, s. 6. 6. Improperly promoting Marriage between the Parties. If any officer of a union, parish, or place endeavour to induce any person to contract a marriage by. threat or promise respecting any application to be made or any order to be enforced with respect to the maintenance of any bastard child, such officer shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Id. s. 8. BAWDY-HOUSE. See "Disorderly House." BEASTIALITY. See" Unnatural Practices." BIGAMY. If any person, being married, shall marry any other person during the life of the former husband or wife, whether the. second marriage shall have taken place in England or elsewhere:" felony, transportation for seven years, or imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for not more than two years. 9 G. 4, c. 31, s. 22. But, by the same section, the act shall not extend to a second marriage out of England by any but a British subject; nor to a person marrying a second time, "whose husband or wife shall have been continually absent from such person for the space of seven years then last past, and shall not have been known by such person to be living within that time;" [see R. v. Jones, 1 Car. & M. 614. R. v. Cullen, 9 Car. & P. 681;] nor to a person who, at the time of the second marriage, shall be divorced from the bond of the first marriage, nor to a person whose former marriage shall have been declared void by the sentence of a court of competent jurisdiction. Id. s. 22. The offender may be tried, &c. in the county in which he is apprehended or is in custody. Id. s. 22. In order to sustain this charge, the prosecutor must prove the two marriages. These may be proved by any person who was present, and can identify the parties, or by producing and proving an examined copy of the registry of the marriage, and giving satisfactory proof of identity; and this evidence will be sufficient, without proof of any licence or publication of banns. R. v. Allison alias Wilkinson, R. & Ry. 109. If either marriage were in a foreign country, proof that it was solemnized in the manner usual in that country, will be good presumptive proof that it was a valid marriage. Lacon v. Higgins, 3 Stark. 178; see R. v. Dent, 1 Car. & K. 97. It may be necessary to mention that since the Marriage Act, 4 G. 4, c. 76, a marriage, by licence, of persons under age, without the consent of parents, is not void, the 16th section of that act upon the subject being merely directory; R. v. Birmingham, 8 B. & C. 29; also, that a marriage by banns in a false name, is not a nullity, unless it be proved that both parties had a knowledge of it; R. v. Wroxton, 4 B. & Ad. 640; nor can it be objected to by the party who caused the false name to be used; R. v. Allison alias Wilkinson, supra. R. v. Edwards, R. & Ry. 283; nor will it be any objection that at the time of the marriage by banns, the parties did not reside in the parish. R. v. Hind, R. & Ry. 253. The prosecutor must also prove that at the time of the second marriage, the first wife or husband was alive. It may be necessary to mention that the first wife or husband cannot be a witness; the second may. Commitment: On at -, feloniously did marry and take to wife, one E. F., C. B. his former wife, to whom the said A. B. was previously married, being then alive; against the form of the statute in such case made and provided. And you the said keeper, &c. BLASPHEMY AND PROFANENESS. Blasphemies against God, such as denying his being or providence, and all contumelious reproaches of Christ, being offences tending to subvert religion and morality, are indictable as misdemeanors at common law, and punishable with fine or imprisonment, or both. 1 Hawk. c. 5, ss. 1, 5. See R. v. Taylor, 1 Vent. 293. Woolston's case, 2 Str. 834, Fitzg. 64. R. v. Annet, 1 W. Bl. 395. In the same manner, all profane scoffing at the holy Scripture, or exposing any part of it to contempt or ridicule, being an offence of the same tendency, is likewise a misdemeanor, and similarly punishable. 1 Hawk. c. 5, ss. 2, 5. So, speaking or writing against Christianity, or even against the established religion (excepting the disputes of learned men upon particular controverted points, Per Cur. in R. v. Woolston, supra,) is a misdemeanor at common law, punishable in the like manner. See R. v. Thomas Paine, 1 East, P. C, 5. R. v. Hall, 1 Str. 416. at Commitment for a blasphemous libel :-On unlawfully and wilfully did compose, print, and publish a certain scandalous, impious, blasphemous and profane libel, [of and concerning the holy Scriptures, and the Christian religion.] And you the said keeper, &c. BREAD AND FLOUR. 1. Regulations within the bills of mortality, p. 206. 1. Regulations within the Bills of Mortality, Bread, of what materials, p. 207. Adulterating bread, p. 208. Adulterating flour, &c. p. 208. Search for adulterated bread or flour, p. 209. Bread, to be sold by weight, p. 211. Not using avoirdupoise weight, p. 211. Not providing scales and weights, p. 211. Opposing the execution of this Act, p. 213. Proceedings for penalties, p. 214. Witnesses, p. 216. Penalties, how levied and applied, p. 216. Actions against justices, &c. p. 218. Bread, of what materials.] "Bakers or sellers of bread within the city of London and the liberties thereof, within the weekly bills of mortality, and within ten miles of the Royal Exchange, may make and sell in their shops, or deliver to their customers, bread made of flour or meal of wheat, barley, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, peas, beans, rice, or potatoes, or any of them, and with any common salt, pure water, eggs, milk, balm, leaven, potatoe or other yeast, and mixed in such proportions as they shall think fit, and with no other ingredient or matter whatsoever, subject to the regulations hereinafter contained." 3 G. 4, c. cvi. s. 2. But bakers, making bread wholly or partially of the meal or flour of any other sort of corn or grain than wheat, or of the meal or flour of any peas or beans, shall cause all such bread to be marked with a large roman M; "and if any person shall at any time, within the limits aforesaid, make or sell, or expose for sale, any such bread without such mark as herein-before directed, then and in every such case every person so offending shall, upon conviction in manner hereinafter mentioned, forfeit and pay for every pound weight of such bread, and so in proportion for any less quantity, which shall be so made for sale, or sold or exposed for sale, without being so marked as aforesaid, any sum not exceeding 10s., as the magistrate or magistrates, justice or justices, before whom such conviction shall take place, shall from time to time order and adjudge.” Id. s. 12. Conviction as post, p. 215, describing the offence thus: For that he the said A. B. on, at ——, being then and there a baker, then and there within the weekly bills of mortality [or within the city of London, or within ten miles of the Royal Ex |