the "Reese River Mining Company"-and the Parrott, is another specimen of the imMessrs. Duncan, Sherman, and Co., bankers, Messrs. Hitchcock and Darling (of the Fifth Avenue Hotel), Treanor W. Parke, Esq., and John Parrott, are supposed to be the principal owners of stock. The mill has just been completed under the superintendence of Captain Gager. It is a magnificent building, with strong wood frame-work and boarding, substantial stone foundations, and all the conveniences for working the ores by the most approved system. The Reese River Company owns a number of ledges in the adjacent hills, a large tract of wood-land, and a fine saw-mill, which has already paid for itself. Among the valuable ledges also owned by this Company in Lander Hill is the Providentia, in which some extraordinary "strikes" have recently been made at a depth of 300 feet. The vein is not wide-ranging only from two to three feetbut the ore is wonderfully rich. I saw average specimens taken out which assayed at the rate of $2000 to the ton.

proved class of mills. The battery consists of ten stamps, and the furnaces and amalgamating department are of corresponding capacity. Connected with the mill is a fine town property, possessing the advantage of a plentiful and neverfailing supply of water. Cañon City is situated at the entrance of the cañon, and Watertown immediately below. Two years ago there was an extraordinary degree of activity in town lots at this place. Every body thought it was the proper site for the great mining capital; and forthwith a town sprang up, with an express office, numerous stores and saloons, and a branch telegraph line. When the town was built and filled with inhabitants the question arose-What was it all about, and what were they to do? No valuable ledges had yet been discovered in the vicinity. Water was plenty, but the citizens could not live exclusively on water. So the town was as quickly abandoned as it was built; and now it stands-a long street of empty houses. The truth is, people were Buel's Mill at Big Creek, three miles above insane about that time. The property is really

tact with the copper arms, are precipitated in the form of metallic silver, leaving as a residuum a chlorid of copper, which flows off into the tailings when the tubs are discharged. This process usually lasts from three to four hours. The silver thus collected is then placed in retorts and smelted. The best mills produce bullion ranging from 900 to 1000 fine.

ductive mines. The Whitlatch Union enjoyed for a time an extraordinary reputation. The width of its ledge and the richness of its ores gave it a speculative value beyond all reasonable estimate. Last year the vein suddenly broke off, and the stock - holders expended $40,000 in trying to find it again. All other stocks became depressed in consequence of this A brief reference to the great mining enter- unexpected event. The utmost confidence, prise of the "United Reese River Company" however, prevailed among experts that the must close my remarks on the present condition ledge was somewhere near. It had not "peof Austin and its neighborhood. This Com-tered out," but seemed to be cut square off by pany was organized for the purpose of securing some convulsion of the earth. Recently a releading interests in the best mines. The main markable discovery was made. The dislocaprinciple upon which it is based is, to concen- tion, instead of causing the ledge to drop down, trate capital upon the development of all meri- had thrown it up, and all the explorations had torious ledges, and furnish the mills with a run below it-in some cases following it, in a steady and ample supply of ores. The Com- parallel line, within three feet! It is now pany have already leased a mill at Austin, and opening out as rich as ever, with unquestionare now working it on their own account, be-able evidences of permanency. The Board of sides furnishing work for custom mills. Where machinery is necessary for hoisting or pumping, or new shafts or drifts have to be run, they co-operate with other stock-holders in the labor and expense of development, giving the weight of their influence and capital to the prosecution of the work, with the aid of reliable experts, and drawing a pro-rata share of the proceeds. Mines that would otherwise be unproductive are at once placed in a paying condition. The Company starts with a capital of two millions of dollars, of which sufficient has been paid in to secure the practical control of some of the best mines in the Reese River district. By drawing their supplies of ores from so many different sources, under the general supervision of an experienced agent, any failure in a particular ledge is not apt to affect the average result. At this time active operations are in progress on several ledges of established reputation. Valuable interests are held in the Diana, North Star, Oregon, Apollo, Jo Lane, Blue Ledge, Black Ledge, Governor Seymour, Chicago Southern Light, Whitlatch Union, and many others well known as pro

Managers, under the control of Mr. Harker as President, and Mr. N. C. Fasset as Secretary, have their office in San Francisco. Mr. Raymond is general agent at Austin. The business of the Company is conducted with fidelity and judgment, and there can be no reasonable doubt as to the success of this important enterprise. Large interests are held in New York. There is a sufficient surplus of earnings now in hand to commence the payment of dividends; but the experience of the Washoe mines has deterred the managers from undertaking to pay dividends until there is a sufficiency of ore ahead to insure the continuance of payments for at least twelve months ahead without abatement. Such enterprises as this, judiciously and economically managed, can not fail to promote the best interests of the district, and encourage investments in mines of demonstrated value throughout the State.

In summing up my impressions of this portion of the Reese River country, I must not omit to mention a few of the leading mines, which have already yielded large results, con

Undoubted

sidering the limited amount of labor and capi- | This evil will cure itself in time. tal expended in working them. The "Diana" ly there will be heavy losses in individual cases; is down 118 feet by perpendicular shaft, with but I am fully satisfied there will be a large an incline of 40 feet below. It now averages average of success where capital is judiciously in antimonial ores and sulphurets $200 to the invested, and mills and mines economically ton. A new engine of 30 horse-power has been managed. erected upon it. The "Morgan and Munsey" runs parallel with the Diana at a distance of 150 feet, and is considered one of the best ledges in Lander Hill. This mine is down 250 feet by incline, has a 3 feet vein, and has yielded over two hundred thousand dollars. The Savage, Oregon, North Star, and Southern Light are all splendid ledges, yielding the richest class of ores. The General Hooker, St. Louis, Governor Seymour, and Washington Irving are in active operation with excellent results. The Hubbard, a rich ledge in Central Hill, near Upper Austin, has not only paid for the labor and capital expended upon it, but within a few months returned, in clear profit, the snug little sum of $19,000 to the owners. The Eagle Mill and its mining property is paying handsomely.

After nearly three months of hard experience, during which I scarcely passed a day without exploring one or more of the mines, I am thoroughly convinced this is the richest of our mineral regions. Whether all the mining enterprises now in progress will pay is another question. I think Eastern people are too easily imposed upon by specious representations, and have too great a tendency to expend large sums of money in the erection of mills and offices before they fully develop their ledges.

Senator Stewart, on his way back from the States last summer, took occasion, in the course of a speech at Austin, to dwell upon the great advantages that would be derived from the speedy construction of the Pacific Railroad. There was only one part of the honorable Senator's speech to which any of his auditors could take exception; and, as I happen to be specially interested in that, I will mention it. Mr. Stewart said the people of the East had no idea of Nevada except what they derived from certain caricatures in Harper's Magazine. Every body read Harper's, and, as a matter of course, every body thought the mines were a humbug; the miners a race of savages, armed to the teeth with pistols and bowie-knives; and the climate so boisterous that it was necessary to cling to awning-posts to keep from being blown away! Now, Mr. Stewart knows very well Virginia City is not Nevada; but it was a good point to make before an audience of his constituents. He intimated that if the writer would be serious for once in his life, and devote his pen to the true interests of the country, he could do as much through the pages of Harper toward the building of the Pacific Railroad as any man living. Mr. Stewart will admit that there is a reformation in the present article, which, it is hoped, will be found serious enough.

A

CHATTANOOGA.

KINDLING impulse seized the host
Inspired by heaven's October air,
Their hearts outran their General's plan,
Though Grant commanded there-
Grant, who without reserve can dare;
And, "Well, go on, and do your will,"
He said, and measured the Mountain then :

So master-riders fling the rein

But you must know your men.

On yestermorn, in grayish mist,

Armies, like ghosts, on hills had fought;
And, rolled from the cloud, their thunders loud
The Cumberlands far had caught;
To-day the sunlit steeps are sought.
Grant stood on cliffs whence all was plain,
And smoked as one who feels no cares;
But mastered nervousness intense

Alone such calmness wears.

The summit-cannon plunge their flame
Sheer down the primal wall;
But up and up each linking troop
In stretching festoons crawl-

Nor fire a shot. Such men appall

The foe, though brave. He from the brink
Looks far along the breadth of slope,
And sees two miles of dark dots creep,
And knows they mean the cope.

He sees them creep. Yet, here and there,
Half hid 'mid leafless groves they go;
As men who ply through traceries high
Of turreted marbles show,

So dwindle these to eyes below.
But fronting shot and flanking shell

Sliver and rive the inwoven ways;
High tops of oaks and high hearts fall,
But never the climbing stays.

From right to left, from left to right
They roll the rallying cheer-
Vie with each other, brother with brother,
Who shall the first appear-

What color-bearer, with colors clear
In sharp relief, like sky-drawn Grant-
Whose cigar must now be near the stump,
While, in solicitude, his back

Heaps slowly to a hump.

Near and more near; till now the flags
Run like a catching flame;

And one flares highest, to peril nighest-
He means to make a name.
Salvos! they give him his fame.
The staff is caught; and next the rush,
And then the leap where Death has led
Flag answered flag along the crest,
And swarms of rebels fled.

A

"ARE THERE OTHER INHABITED WORLDS ?**

It is

RE there on any of these globes which will soon be seen in his neighborhood. seem to be moving around us beings the analogue of the larger condensation of formed like ourselves, or animals, or any vapor that would be produced were one of us plants? Do people on the Moon contemplate to breathe on the same window. The fly is our Earth, a glorious orb in their firmament, burning away and vaporizing water with the and spy out our actions through telescopes as superfluous heat. we attempt to spy out theirs? Before the evening is finished I hope to be able to answer these questions in a satisfactory manner.

To illustrate the necessity of air to the wellbeing of animals, a bird may be put under a glass bell jar standing on the air-pump. By Let us examine, in the first place, the condi- the aid of the pump the air can be removed to tions essential to the existence of the organized a large extent from the bell jar, and as soon as beings with which we are familiar, and then we the exhaustion is commenced, the bird shows will try to discover whether such conditions are signs of discomfort and becomes more and found on any other celestial body. It will only more restless as the action continues. Не be necessary to investigate a few of these con- would eventually die if kept under the exhaustditions, because if we find any that are abso-ed jar. lutely essential to life, whether animal or vegetable, missing on other globes, our purpose will be fulfilled. They can not be inhabited.

To plants air is just as necessary as to animals, although we can not easily demonstrate this by a lecture-table experiment. The larger To sustain the life of an animal three things part of their substance is derived from the atare necessary. It must have air, water, and mosphere by the aid of the Sun's beams; but food. Why is this the case? We all know a small portion comes in through the roots. how soon life is extinguished if the supply of Nature has so arranged the relations of plants air to the lungs be cut off; the person turns to animals that they take out from the air the of a livid blue, becomes insensible, and soon impurities that have been imparted to it by dies. Or by breathing the noxious gas that animals and replace the ingredients that are arises from the burning of charcoal the same necessary to the latter. If in any planet we result occurs. One of the elements of the air, could detect the traces of vegetable life, it a fifth part of its bulk, is a gas-oxygen. It would at once be a strong argument for the possesses the power of sustaining the operation existence of animals there, and vice versa. of burning. In a stove, for example, if we desire the burning to be accelerated, we in-case of aquatic animals and water plants altocrease the draught and let in more air-that is, more oxygen; if we desire to reduce the rate of combustion, we diminish the access of air. If we shut off the supply of air altogether the fire goes out.

So it is in a human being. A burning is continually going on in him, and this it is that enables him to keep warm in spite of the cold of winter or of the night season. No animal can possibly exist without a supply of air to carry on combustion in its body. When we are about to die, and our interior production of heat is ceasing, we grow cold. That air is essential to the life of even the lowest animals is shown by the fact that, if water be taken in which animalculæ are swimming, and cold applied so as to cause it to freeze, a drop remains unfrozen around each of these little animated forms for a certain time after the rest has congealed. Heat is being produced by the animal-to liberate that heat it must be consuming air and burning its body.

Again, in an instance with which many of us are familiar, the respiration of a small animal is shown. If on a cold day you watch a fly that has lighted on a dry window, a collection of moisture, the results of his respiration,

A Lecture delivered before the Young Men's Christian Association of New York by HENRY DRAPER, M.D., Professor Adjunct of Chemistry in the University of New York.

But you may think that I have omitted the

gether. They seem to have no access to air, and might be fairly supposed not to require it. You will sustain yourselves in that opinion by citing the case of a man submerged in water who drowns, and by that of a fish brought out into the air that dies. Nevertheless air is necessary to all fishes; for if you boil water and so expel the air from it, and then when cool put a fish into it, he can not live. He is in the same condition as the bird in the bell jar.

The other case, that of a fish dying in the air, is as readily explained. A fish is not provided with lungs as we are, but breathes the air dissolved in water by the aid of its gills. When taken out of water the gills dry up, and the little tufts of blood-vessels, of which they consist, adhere to one another so as to be unable to act any longer. Some fish, as the eel, have, however, the means of keeping their gills wet by causing the mouth to remain partly filled with water, and these can be retained on land for many hours and yet live.

Water in its turn is just as essential as air. By its aid food is carried into the body and distributed, and it also acts as a regulator of heat. If we tend to become too warm, as in the summer season, water escapes rapidly from the lungs and skin, and by its evaporation keeps us cool. That such evaporating processes cause a cooling may be proved by an experiment with which many of us are acquainted. It is often