England; that he had a daughter married to a Mr. Russell there, who had applied to take the name of his father-in-law, Mr. Oliver Cromwell, already mentioned, but that Lord Castlereagh, to whom the application had been made, had bluntly refused leave. We returned to Paris, and then communicated the fact of Mr. Cromwell's being alive to the count. We heard no more of the matter from himself, but we were told, several years afterwards, that Mr. Cromwell had most honourably fulfilled his trust-that Du Roure bad come to England, received his property, and, dying immediately afterwards here, it had gone to, we believe, an only son; but of this we personally know nothing, not having seen Du Roure after we finally quitted Paris. Du Roure assured us, were not numerous. This is confirmed in Mignet's history, which did not appear until ten years after we had this conversation with Du Roure. Mignet says, that in the assembly "he voted with the majority, not the majority with him." Again, "he had neither the endowments nor faults of a conspirator." The court was afraid of him, and he might have aided some popular movements which would have happened without him, but his elevation was never an object of the time, nor, probably, of himself, up to the period of Mirabeau's death. After that event, it could not have been dreamed of by any. The other French princes, when the court measures had failed for re-establishing arbitrary rule, left the king to weather the storm they had assisted in raising, and quitted France. Du Roure was imprisoned in St. Lazare, and was saved from death by the fall of Robespierre. He saw the younger Robespierre brought into the same prison from whence, but two days before, the well-known Prussian Baron Trenck, who had for some time lived in Paris, in the Rue de Clichy, was conducted to the guillotine. Trenck was guillotined on the 25th of July, 1794, and both the Robespierres on the 28th of the same month. The count was an Orleanist in the time of the Revolution. We were told this by himself. He said that the Duke of Orleans was made out a much worse man than he was in reality. At that time there was little consideration of family feeling among the Bourbon princes. The Duke of Orleans had taken part with Neckar againt the court at the breaking out of the Revolution. "He had been in England," said Du Roure, “where he had become intimate with some of the English princes. After his return he was more opposed to the court party-that party which caused the irresolution of the king and the consequent discovery which finally occasioned the unfortunate end of that aimable but weak-minded monarch-that his word could not be relied upon." The duke said that he had seen in England what liberty was enjoyed by the king's sons. "Here am I," said he, "the richest individual in France, who cannot take my horse and ride beyond the barriers of Paris but I must undergo the tyranny of sending to ask leave of the king, even if he is at Versailles." It was this kind of feeling, the count said, which first led the Duke of Orleans to take a part in the revolution, and it is very probably correct no one plunges into the depths of wickedness at once. He found him self entrainé up to a certain point, where it was impossible to stop, but he was of little moment in the earlier events of that drama. His friends, VOL. XXXI. NO. CLXXXI. As the adventures of Baron Trenck have been read by every body, we may as well mention the account of his death and its immediate cause, which are, we believe, wholly unknown in England. Trenck would have escaped by the fall of Robespierre, but he was of a busy temper; to remain quiet in any position did not seem to belong to the man's nature. "He was," said Du Roure, "the greatest liar I ever knew. To that, his favourite propensity, he owed his fate. Our hope of escape in the prison was to remain unnoticed by the gaoler, and await events. Upon the least complaint, the order from the authorities was à la mort, sometimes without the ceremony of a trial. The prisoners were numerous, and for some days a rumour had been circulated among them, and continually kept up, as if with fresh information, that the Prussians were marching upon Paris, carrying all before them. We knew of nothing certain that went on outside the F prison-walls, and were not without hopes that this intelligence was correct. Still we were puzzled to discover how such information could be promulgated amongst us, as it thus was, early every morning, with some new addition. This prevalent topic of conversation, it seems, had, with its daily additions, reached the ears of the gaoler, who caused the gates of the prison to be closed to ingress or egress until the day was far advanced, in order to try whether any fresh news thus circulated came from without or was concocted within the walls. Trenck that morning circulated some additional particulars about the Prussians' vicinity to Paris, which were traced to him through those to whom he had communicated them, with the addition, that his information was certain, for he had just received it, which was impossible. He was thus caught in circulating false rumours, complained of by the gaoler, and lost his head by the guillotine, near the Barrier du Trône. He was buried, with the other victims of that san With These were followed by a man on horseback carrying a black flag be fore the funeral car, which was open, and drawn by four horses. Upon the coffin was deposited a princely crown, the deceased being of that rank, or prince of Esling. Three men followed, with the heraldic decorations of the deceased borne on black velvet cushions. The mar shal's horse came next in the procession, covered with black crape; then the domestics, and, after them, one of the sons of the deceased, as chief mourner. The names so renowned in Gallic warfare caught our attention now in the procession, of whom scarcely any remain among the living. There were the Dukes de Valmy, Conegliano, Dantzick, Treviso, Tarento, Reggio, Belluno, Ragusa, d'Albufera, Coigny, De Feltre, and the Counts Jourdan, Bournonville, De Vignolles, Serrurier, and others, with a number of inferior military officers of all grades. The late marshal's carriage and twenty or thirty mourning - coaches, military, closed the procession. The whole moved at a slow pace to the church of St. Thomas Aquinas. where the coffin was deposited on a species of platform, over which was a canopy ornamented with the banners and arms of the deceased. Incense was burned over the coffin. The funeral service was then read, four of the marshals supporting the pall during the impressive ceremony, The procession set out after the service was over for the cemetery of Père-la-Chaise. The marshals followed, not as they had come to the church, but in carriages. The drums rolled solemnly at intervals, while the music played airs that came mournfully home to the senti ment of mortality. On reaching the cemetery the last rites were rendered to the deceased, but we were not able to approach near the vault from the crowd. This we did not deem of moment. The old château of the confessor of Louis XIV. was then stand. ing: we went up to the front. The victor of Zurich-the favourite child of Victory, as he was styled by Napoleon-was being placed in the narrow house. There were assembled, paynames with ing him the last honours, which Europe had resounded from side to side during a period of great guinary period, in a spot of ground not more than thirty feet square, in the corner of the garden of the canonesses of St. Augustine, near the ancient village of Piepus, now inclosed in the Fauxbourg Antoine. In this spot, not more than thirty feet square, no less than 1298 bodies, victims of Robespierre's sanguinary vengeance, were interred, with quick lime, between the 14th of June and 27th of July, 1794.” The count was a man of considerable literary talents, and was fully as familiar with English as with French literature. In person he was stout and thick - set, his countenance by no means prepossessing, from a disease which had disfigured it. He was slovenly in his dress, fond of his connexion with England on his mother's side, and made many inquiries about the Bolingbroke family at that moment, of which, paying little attention to mere names, we were unable to answer one. We went to see the funeral of Marshal Massena, who had resided at Ruel, near Paris. A double line of military, consisting of mounted gendarmerie and other troops, flanked the procession, which was led by above 100 poor men and women in black cloaks, each bearing a wax torch. éclat for France; and is this, thought we, the end of human glory-the lesson so continually repeated, without conviction, of the utter worthlessness of that which men pursue through crime and desolation? It is even thus! Never did we feel more philosophers than at that moment. It was a sight for a philosopher's reflections. A son of battle lay near us extinguished; all he could value of human glory was over. We were leaning against the doorway of a house where Louis XIV. and Ma dame de Maintenon had visited their bigoted confessor-their glories and crimes, too, were eclipsed. The walls of the cemetery, crennelled for musketry, which had been defended with bravery in 1814 against the allies, lessoned to us that the glory of the good city of Paris had also departed that Victory had fled from her Arch of Triumph. "Honour" with Falstaff, and "glory," with our interpretation of that moment, were upon a par. We are not sure whether the view both of Falstaff and ourselves upon these "trim reckonings" were not equally correct-justifiable to the very letter. VARON. A FINE DAY IN THE TEMPLE. Till they decayed through pride." SPENSER'S Prothalamion. A treat it is to get within the quiet precincts of the Temple, away from the noisy traffic of Fleet Street and the Strand, from "the full tide of human existence," and "haste, post haste," the crack of whips and " jabbering and jam," to studious bowers, trim gardens, harmonious waters, and courts scrupulously clean. "To tardy swain no shrill-voiced matrons squall; No dogs, no babes, no wives, to stun your ear; No hammers thump, no horrid black smith sear, No noisy tradesmen your sweet slumber start With sounds that are a misery to hear; But all is calm as would delight the heart Of Sybarite of old, all nature and all art." THOMSON. The transition is indeed delightful. "No cursed knocker plied by villain's band" dealers and Italian boys, parish-rates, and poor-rates, and charity-sermons are alike unknown. Happy in spite of dark staircases, both by day and night, a seeming dislike to gas and the new police, and an antipathy to water up one pair of stairs! falls offensively on the ear, and the "cries of London" are nuisances un heard. Happy Temple! where Jew The noble science of self-defence is hereditary in the inhabitants of the Temple, all the old arts of the Knights Templars have descended to the next in succession, and the lawyers of the two Temples fortify their precinct with something stronger than the strong arm of the law. The benchers of the Temple have not disdained to study the arts of Vauban and Carnot. Gates, palisades, and barriers abound, and a stray chevaux-defrise may be seen here and there throwing its long spikes out like a fretful porcupine, or a Macedonian phalanx, to the surprise of nurserymaids and their infant charges. There is no approach to the Temple but by a gate, a real gate, that moves easily and closes with a Newgate crash. None of your rusty-hinged things like the City gates at Temple Bar, that hang on creaking hinges and close only on state occasions. The Temple gates are made for daily use, and Windsor Castle or the Tower has not so many. Waiders are alone wanting to give full dignity to this legal Gibraltar. Approach the Temple in what way you will, by land or by water, north, south, east, or west, a gate meets you on every hand. Along the Fleet Street front occur Middle Temple Gate, Inner Temple Gate, Mitre Court Gate, and Serjeants' Inn Gate (the old Ram Alley entrance is boarded up, why we know not, but we think illegally, though no one but a fool would dispute the right with the two Temples and men who have law at hand, and law, moreover, at prime cost). Then, on the river front we have the Water Gate; on the west side, Devereux Gate and Palsgrave Place Gate; and on the east, Whitefriars or Alsatia Gate. The grave old benchers of the Temple put little faith in imaginary landmarks; they draw a line round their legal rookery and trust to gates and turnkeys for the quiet of an uninterrupted right. The Teniplar Knights were "whilom wont to bide" within the precinct of the Temple. In the year 1118 (the 18th of Henry I.) they made their first London habitation in Holborn, and in the year 1184, in the reign of Henry II., removed from Holborn to the Temple-the New Temple, as it was then called. In 1313, when the pride of the Templars and the avarice of Philip of France had wrought their overthrow, King Edward II. gave the New Temple in Fleet Street to Aymer de Valence, the far-famed Earl of Pembroke, whose tomb in Westminster Abbey has called forth the eulogistic criticism of the classic Flaxman. Aymer de Valence died without issue in 1323, and by a council holden at Vienna in the following year all the lands of the Knights Templars were given to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. King Edward III. confirmed this grant, and the Inner and Middle Temples were soon after leased from the Knights of St. John by the students of the common law; and the Outer Temple, from the same religious order, by Walter Stapleton, bishop of Exeter, lord-treasurer, beheaded by the Londoners in the year 1326. St. John's Gate and St. John's Street Road preserve a pleasing recollection of the old Knights Hospitallers of St. John, to whom the Temple was granted when the Knights Templars were no more. At the dissolution of religious houses in the reign of Henry VIII. the Temple became the property of the crown, and the inmates of the Temple the tenants of their king. Middle Temple Hall was built in the The history of the Outer Temple Our forefathers felt great difficulty in assigning to the four Inns of Court the priority in rank which each laid claim to. The Law List places them, we observe, in the following order: 1. Lincoln's Inn; 2. Inner Temple; 3. Middle Temple; 4. Gray's Inn. We can find no authority for this classification. The four courts were once co-equal. Shirley dedicates his masque of the Triumph of Peace" to the four equal and honourable societies the Inns of Court." The Triumph of Peace is the only entertainment in which the four Inns of Court were united. It cost upwards of 20,000. (80,000l. of our money); and was, it is believed, the most magnificent pageant ever presented in England. The lawyers wished to confute the Histriomastix of Prynne, by the outward and visible sign of a masque. There was a procession through the "Their show streets to Whitehall. through the streets was glorious, and in the nature of a triumph," says Herbert; and Whitelocke adds, who was a prime mover in the entertainment, and a Middle Temple man, that a dispute arose which of the four courts should walk first in the procession. There was no other way of determining the dispute than by the dice; and chance arranged the four courts in 1633 the very reverse of the Law List in 1844. Gray's Inn got first, Middle Temple second, Inner Temple third, and Lincoln's Inn last. This was not the first time a difficulty had been felt in giving to each court its due rank of precedence. The poet Beaumont has a masque of Gray's Inn and the Inner Temple, the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn. Beaumont was an Inner Temple bird, and takes precedence of Fletcher before their "Works," because he was born last, died first, and wrote the least. presented on Shrove - Monday, at night, a masque, "a memorable masque," for so it is styled, which drew from Ben Jonson his noble encomium," that, next himself, only Fletcher and Chapman could make a masque." The Gray's Inn and Inner Temple the "To celebrate the long-wished nuptials Betwixt two grow Into a thousand streams, great as them selves." We are not aware of any other masques that were performed at Whitehall by the members of the Inns of Court than the three already enumerated, by Beaumont, Chapman, and Shirley. Browne, the poet of Britannia's Pastorals, and a member of the Inner Temple, is the author of the Inner Temple Masque, "done," as he tells the society in the dedication, "to please ourselves in private, by him that is all yours, W. Browne." Middleton has a masque of the Inner Temple, and Davenant a masque of the Middle Temple. There are no dates to the devices of Browne and Middleton; but Davenant's was performed in the Middle Temple on Wednesday, the 23d of February, 1635. Henrietta Maria was present, and was pleased, as Sir Henry Herbert tells us," to grace the entertainment, by putting off majesty to put on a citizen's habit, and to sett upon the scaffold on jects.' the right hande amongst her sub Nor were the members of the Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn behind "the anciently allied houses of Gray's Inn and the Inner Temple" at this great period of rejoicing, They called in to their aid the learned pen of old George Chapman, and The Templars at this time were a race of fine old benchers, and gay, manly students. Nor does Ben Jonson pay the gentlemen of the Inns of Court too great a compliment when he dedicates his Every Man Out of his Humour, "To the noblest nurseries of humanity and liberty in the kingdom, the Inns of Court.' "I command it lie not in the way," he says, " of your more noble and useful studies to the public; for so I shall suf fer for it. But when the gown and cap is off, and the Lord of Liberty reigns, then to take it in your hands, perhaps, may make some bencher, tincted with humanity, read and not repent him." Here, standing as we do before Middle Temple Hall, how pleasant it is to think of the by-gone history of the places, and the long stream of associations which we can conjure up connected with every thing around us. The Lord of Liberty! A fine old Christmas fellow was the Lord of Liberty. There is no such master of the revels now. The good old fashion |